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Scales at High Mach Number Quasiperpendicular Shocks and Problem of Electron Heating. Vladimir KRASNOSELSKIKH LPC2E / CNRS-University of Orleans S.J. Schwartz, D. Sundqvist, F. Mozer. Electron Heating Scale at High Mach Number Quasiperpendicular Shocks. Plan Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Scales at High Mach Number Quasiperpendicular Shocks and
Problem of Electron Heating
Vladimir
KRASNOSELSKIKH
LPC2E / CNRS-University of Orleans
S.J. Schwartz,
D. Sundqvist, F. Mozer
Electron Heating Scale at High Mach Number Quasiperpendicular Shocks
Plan
Introduction
1. Shock front structure
2. Small scale structure of the electric and magnetic fields
3. Scale of electron heating
4. Conclusions
Collisionless shocks : Critical questions
Quasiperpendicular shock
Thermalisation Variability Particle Acceleration
scales
electrostatic potential
ion reflection
species
partition
fine structure
structure
(ripples ?)
response to upstream conditions
non-stationarity
ion acceleration
electron acceleration
Collisionless shocks : new results from Cluster
Earth’s bow shock
Tsurutani and Rodriguez, 1981
Magnetospheric regions studied by Cluster
Magnetopause
Bow shock
Solar wind
Polar cusp
Auroral zone
Plasmasphere
Initial idea of the shock front structure: dispersion versus nonlinearity in the presence of the weak dissipation
Precursors in sub-critical shocks and early models (Sagdeev, 1961, 1964)
The structure is formed as a result of counter-balance between
nonlinearity and dispersion in the presence of the weak dissipation
Quasiperp Shock profile (heritage of ISEE)
As supposed for subcritical shocks
ISEE and simulations: supercritical quasi-perpendicular shocks: the dissipation is due to reflected ions
How does it change the role of the dispersion and nonlinearity?
Phase velocity dependence of oblique fast magnetosonic (whistler) waves upon the wavenumber
If shock structure is similar to dispersive nonlinear waves then
Gradient catastrophe of nonlinear upstream whistler
Above whistler critical Mach number whistler precursor becomes nonlinear
1/ 2
| cos |
(2 / )Bn
nwe i
Mm m
Galeev et al., 1988 a,b,c; Krasnoselskikh et al. 2002
Above Mnw shock nonlinear steepening of waves can not bestopped anymore by dispersion and/or dissipation and
becomes non-stationary
Nonlinear whistler critical Mach number
Appeal to experimental data of multi-point measurements: Cluster
What are the right questions to answer making use of the data?
• Does the front steepen with the growth of the Mach number till the scales comparable with electron inertial length?
• What are the characteristic scales of fine structure of the shock front?
• What are the sources of waves observed upstream of the ramp?
• Can we observe direct manifestations of the overturning and reformation?
The answer can be found analysing scales and energy fluxes.
What is the scale of the major transition?
Is the region of strongest gradient determined by the dispersion – nonlinearity effects?
Dispersive model:
precursor and ramp transition are determined by dispersion-nonlinearity and scales as several c/ωpe
(electron inertial length)
Magnetic field ramp thickness (Hobara et al, 2010)
Magnetic field ramp grasient (Hobara et al., 2010)
Magnetic ramp thickness statistics (Mazelle et al., 2010)
PRL, 2012
PRL, 20122012
Electron heating (Schwartz et al., 2011)
Electron heating (Schwartz et al., 2011)
Electron heating (Schwartz et al., 2011)
Electric field on the interval 22:15:30-22:15:40
More details 22:15:33-22:15:34
Sundkvist et al., AGU 2012
• The heating can be super-adiabatic as well as sub-adiabatic
• Parallel and perpendicular temperatures grow on the same time scale
• The process is determined by the presence of the small scale electric field bursts
Small scale jumps of the electric field
• Thank you for your attention
• More details on seminar in September
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