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School-wide PBISTier 2 & 3
Year 3; Training 4Chris Borgmeier, PhDPortland State Universitycborgmei@pdx.edu www.swpbis.pbworks.com
Tasks to Complete• Tier 2/3 Handbook (expand CICO Handbook)
• I-PBIS Procedures• Additional Tier 2 Interventions (Breaks Are Better….)• FBA/BSP Process & Procedures
• Complete FBA/BSP for at least 1 student• Prepare for BSP Implementation Plan meeting• Develop Evaluation Plan• Next training BRING FBA, BSP, Implementation Plan,
Evaluation Plan, Data Collection form & Summary of Data (Student Outcomes & Implementation)
• Complete Staff Assessment Survey – www.pbisassessment.org
• Present CICO data to staff• Present Function-Based Intervention Module 1 & Module 4 –
Present to Staff
Team Updates Update on FBA/BSPs
How did it go? Successes? Challenges? Questions?
Module 1 & 4 training w/ all staff
Tier 2/3 – I-PBIS meeting CICO updates
Complete SAS w/ staff on-line PBIS Ax
2013-14 PBIS Training Schedule
Sept 26Sept 27
Tier 1 & Tier 2 (CICO & Data Teaming) Review & Planning Tier 3 –Function-Based Assessment
Nov 7Nov 8
Tier 3 – Function-Based Intervention PlanningTier 2/3 - CICO
Jan 9Jan 10
Tier 2/3 – Modified CICOTier 3 – BSP, Implementation & Evaluation Planning
Apr 3Apr 4
Tier 3 – Case Review & TeamingPlanning for Maintenance
Tier 1 team Tier 2/3 team
-Administrator -Tier 2 Coordinator-SPED teacher -District Behavior Specialist-SPSY -PBIS Team members
FBA/BSP Case Review
Essential Characteristics of a Replacement / Alternate Behavior
An appropriate Replacement Behavior:Serves the same function as the problem
behavior
Is easier to do and more efficient than the problem behavior
Alternate Behaviors require less physical effort & provide quicker, more reliable access to desired outcome/response than problem behavior
Is socially acceptable
Task – Competing Behavior Pathway
Complete the BSP Critical Features Checklist for the Sample Case Provided
Do the same for the case you have been working on
Antecedent Interventions
Preventing Problem Behavior
Prevention- Change the trigger that sets off the
problem behavior
(A) Examine the Antecedent & Function of the Problem Behavior
(B) Change the antecedent so student will no longer need to use
problem behavior (make the problem behavior Irrelevant) The best choices for Antecedent changes:
1. Directly address the identified antecedent
2. must address the function the problem behavior is serving
Antecedent Interventions Directly address the identified antecedent
Antecedent = Asked to read aloud in class Potential options that more directly address the antecedent
Do not ask student to read aloud in class Give student passage in advance to practice pre-reading Let student read 1 sentence directions they are familiar with,
instead of entire paragraphs from the text
Non-examples (do not directly address antecedent) Move student closer to the teacher Attend a counseling group about anger management Check-in with teacher before reading group
Now, why is Function important?
Teaching BehaviorTeaching 1) Identify skill(s) to teach
Dual focus when teaching behavior Alternate Behavior Desired Behavior
ALWAYS START with the Alternative Behavior-FIRST - Teach the alternate behavior you identified in Competing Behavior Pathway
-Teaching = Review & practice regularly
-THEN – teach the Desired Behavior-this may be something to focus on immediately, or
only after the student is fluent with the alternative behavior
Consequence InterventionsReinforcing Behavior
Reinforcement should focus on 2 different sets of behaviors Alternative Behavior & Desired Behavior
1. Reinforcing the Alternative Behavior When the student engages in the alternative behavior,
quickly provide the student with an outcome that matches the outcome/ function of the problem behavior
E.g. if student raises hand to request an easier, substitute assignment; in order to escape difficult tasks then quickly provide the student with the easier assignment
Consequence InterventionsReinforcing Behavior
2. Reinforcing the Desired Behavior(s), or approximations of the desired behavior
The ultimate plan is to have the student move beyond the alternative behavior to using the desired behavior
Reinforcing this progression should start from the beginning of the intervention
Consequence InterventionsReinforcing Behavior
Considerations for Reinforcing Desired Behavior
The goals & expectations for desired behavior must be reasonable
Reasonable expectations of student behavior EXAMPLE: on a daily basis the student is out of seat & off task
the entire period & has not turned in any work the entire term
Probably NOT a Reasonable Expectation = student to be in seat the whole class period and turn in completed worksheets
More Reasonable approximations (Start Small & Build on Success):
Turns in assignments 50% completed On task and trying to complete work for 15 minutes each
period
Consequence InterventionsReinforcing Behavior
Considerations for Reinforcing Desired Behavior The timeframe for goals & expectations for desired behavior must be
reasonable
In the Beginning try to Reinforce Every occurrence or approximation
Reasonable timeframes for Reinforcement Probably NOT Reasonable Timeframes for reinforcement
If student turns in all worksheets for week 1, he will earn 15 min. in skate park on Friday
If student is in seat and on-task for the entire period, he will earn a candy bar
More Reasonable Timeframes for reinforcement If student completes 5 problems, he can choose 3 problems to cross off the
worksheet If student is on task for 10 min., he will earn 4 min. of computer time
Consequence InterventionsReinforcing Behavior
Considerations for Reinforcing Desired Behavior The reinforcer must be valued by the student
The function of behavior is a good place to start when identifying valued reinforcers
e.g. If the function of behavior is to Gain Peer Attention, the reinforcer should give access to Peer Attention
e.g. if the function of behavior is to Avoid Difficult Task the reinforcer could be a “Free Homework Pass”
Consequence InterventionsResponding to Problem Behavior
Responding to Problem Behavior should focus on 2 things:
1. Redirect to the Alternative Behavior
2. Breaking Habits: Try to eliminate or significantly limit the pay-off the student has been receiving for the problem behavior
***If the problem behavior remains Functional, or continues to pay off, the individual is not likely to quit using it (break the habit)
1. Redirecting to the Alternative Behavior
At the earliest signs of problem behavior, prompt the student to use the Alternative Behavior
When the student engages in the alternative behavior, quickly provide the student with an outcome that matches the function of the problem behavior This should also help to prevent escalation
2. Breaking the Habit of the Problem Behavior
Make sure the problem behavior no longer continues to pay-off for the student…
A B C
If using a consequence as a response to negative behavior, make sure the consequence is not providing the desired function for the student
Worst case scenario = continuing to provide a response to problem behavior the reinforces or pays-off the problem behavior
Breaking HabitsFunction = Seeking Attention
Try to eliminate or significantly limit the pay-off the student has been receiving for the problem behavior
Student is making negative comments & throwing paper and small objects to get attention from adults
Limit attention – walk over to student desk, verbally praising & focusing on other students who are on-task, make a quick “stop” sign w/ shake of the head (no words)
NON-EXAMPLE = walk over, pull student aside and lecture student on why behavior is not ok for 3 min.
Active ExtinctionFunction = Escape Task
Try to eliminate or significantly limit the pay-off the student has been receiving for the problem behavior
Student is crumpling up work sheet, out of seat and loudly refusing to escape an undesired task
Limit escape – walk over to student and offer to help, stating you can do work now, or stay after school to complete work with me; you will have to do the worksheet (it’s important this is paired w/ task manipulations & teaching)
NON-EXAMPLE = walk over, pull student aside and lecture student on why behavior is not ok for 3 min. (provides escape); send student to the hall or office without work
Task – Implementation Plan
Complete the BSP Critical Features Checklist for the Sample Case Provided
Do the same for the case you have been working on
Evaluation Planning: Short- and Long-term Goals Short-term goal
Focus on reducing problem behavior and increasing student’s use of the identified Replacement behavior &
Use baseline data to develop a REASONABLE initial goal that student will be able to achieve
Short term goal will CONTINUOUSLY be revised as student moves closer to achieving the long-term goal
Long-term goal Focus on desired behavior & sustained reductions in
problem behavior Begin by reinforcing approximations of desired behavior
Example Goals for Leroy
Behavioral Goals ( Always include mastery criteria )
What is the short-term behavioral goal?
During Writing, Leroy will ask appropriately for an easier task or for a “break” from difficult tasks without throwing materials or cursing at least 75% of the time as measured by a daily point card for 2 consecutive weeks.
What is the long-term behavioral goal? Leroy will complete at least 80% of his assigned work in his
math class with no more than 3 incidences of problem behavior (throwing materials, cursing) for 3 consecutive weeks.
__5/1____ Expected date
• During Writing class, Leroy is currently engaging in problem behavior (throwing materials and cursing) to escape difficult tasks in Math approximately 4 days per week. On average, he is completing only 25-30% of his work in class.
Short-term goalIncrease Alt. Behavior & Reduce Problem Behavior
+ Approximation toward Desired Behavior
Long-term goalIncrease Desired Behavior & Reduce Problem Behavior
Task – Evaluation Plan
Complete the BSP Critical Features Checklist for the Sample Case Provided
Do the same for the case you have been working on
78
The Implementation Plan is used to record: : 3/21/111. The extent to
which the plan is being implemented
and…
2. Team evaluation decisions made, based on the data presented at the meeting
Add more multi-digit problems
Monitor
Completed/ Discontinue
Monitor
Team Task
Review your Case Complete the BSP Critical Features Checklist
Implementation Fidelity
Professionals in education are experiencing cuts in funding and dwindling resources via time and adequate training.
Function-based behavior plans must be feasible and implemented as intended
The best developed plans make no difference if they are not implemented with integrity.
Barriers to Implementation Lack of training Lack of time Difficulty implementing behavior plans in
their setting. Bambara, Goh, Kern, & Grace 2012
Potential Solutions Implementing a quality BSP requires an active team
process. The use of performance feedback shows promise in
promoting implementation of PBSPs (Solomon, Klein, Politylo, 2012).
Reinforcement & Feedback
Studies show that reinforcement for teachers can be a factor in implementation fidelity (Cossairt, Hall & Hopkins, 1973).
Research indicates that frequent performance feedback results in a higher level of implementation fidelity (Jones, Wickstrom & Friman, 1997).
Research Questions
How does implementation fidelity vary as a function of:a) Performance Feedback
b) Contextual Fit to Implementation
c) Training of Implementation?
Do student outcomes appear to be related to implementation fidelity?
Contextual Fit
Individual Case Data & Mean(Impl. Supports, Fidelity & Outcomes)
re ma al cr sh bm sg rw j MeanContextual Fit
80 81.6 96.6 100 96.6 98.3 99.5 100 93 94Training
60 60 100 60 40 60 60 100 60 67Performance
Feedback 60 72 60 64 48 68 60 92 64 64.4Implementation Supports (% In
Place)66.6 71.2 85.5 72 61.5 75.4 63.1 97.3 72.4 74
Implementation Fidelity (% of impl) 94 83 79 99 96 100 87 100 92.5 92.3
Student Outcomes (% of points
earned)67.9 66.7 85 76 76.3 100 96.1 89.4 94.5 83.5
PBIS Handbook: Tier 2 & 3
• CICO Handbook Completed or in Revision
• Document your remaining Tier 2 & 3 Systems• Data Teaming – I-PBS Team• Tier 3 Supports
• See Sample Tier 2 & 3 Handbook
Team Task
• Complete your Tier 2 & 3 PBIS Handbook
• Detail your Team Meeting Procedures (I-PBIS)• Detail Procedures for your Tier 3 Procedures
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