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The “’ Otzar” in Ancient Ritual Baths. Second Temple Period Innovation or Anachronistic Interpretation? . Yonatan Adler. Ariel University Center of Samaria. 1. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Second Temple Period Innovation or Anachronistic Interpretation?
The “’Otzar” in Ancient Ritual Baths
Yonatan AdlerAriel University Center
of Samaria
The bath must contain a minimum volume of water which would allow for the full immersion of an adult, a volume measured in rabbinic metrological terms as forty se’ah, probably equivalent to about half of a cubic meter.
This minimum volume of water must derive from either rain or spring-water channeled directly into the mikveh, as drawn-water would render the bath unfit for ritual use.
1.
2.
Over 850 Ancient Mikva’ot
Throughout the Country
“’Otzar”Immersion
Pool Connecting Pipe
Method # 1
“’Otzar”Immersion
Pool Connecting Pipe
Method # 2
History of Research
“’Otzar” Connecting PipeImmersion
Pool
“’Otzar”
Immersion Pool
Connecting Pipe
Immersion Pool “Otzar”Connecting
Channel
Jericho, Hasmonean Period (Pools F176-F182)
“’Otzar”
Immersion Pool
Jericho, Herodian Period (Pools A[M]537-A[M]538)
Immersion Pool “Otzar”Connecting
Pipe
Herodium
Immersion Pool
“Otzar”
Connecting Pipe
JerusalemArea T-4 of the Jewish Quarter
Excavations
MIQWA’OT (JEWISH RITUAL IMMERSION BATHS)IN ERETZ-ISRAEL
IN THE SECOND TEMPLE AND THE MISHNAH AND TALMUD PERIODS
THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE ‘DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY’
TO THE SENATE OF THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY, JERUSALEMBY RONNY REICH
1990
Miqwa’ot without an ’Otzar (265)
Miqwa’ot with an ’Otzar (17)
Miqwa’ot With a Questionable ’Otzar (18)
The “’Otzar” in Textual Sources
They may purify mikva’ot, whether a higher [pool] from a lower [pool], or a distant [pool] from one which is nearby. How so? One brings a pipe of earthenware or of lead and places his hand beneath it until it is filled with water [from one pool], and he has drawn it along and brought [this water] into contact [with the water of the other pool]; even if it touches by a hair’s breadth – it suffices. (Mishnah, Mikva’ot 6:8)
If there were forty se’ah in the upper [pool] and nothing in the lower, one may draw water [in vessels, carry them] on the shoulder, and pour [the drawn-water] into the upper pool until forty se’ah [of water] flows down into the lower [pool].
(Mishnah, Mikva’ot 6:8)
Rabbi Moses Schreiber (Sofer) Pressburg-Bratislava
Responsum dated December 14, 1813
A Re-examination of the Archaeological
Data in Context
Immersion Pool
“Otzar”
Connecting Pipe
JerusalemArea T-4 of the Jewish Quarter
Excavations7 m3
Immersion Pool “Otzar”Connecting
Channel
Jericho, Hasmonean Period (Pools F176-F182)
22 m3
What was the Function of the So-Called
“’Otzar” Installations?
Immersion Pool
“Otzar”Connecting PipeImmersion
Pool
Immersion Pool
Connecting Pipe
“Otzar”Immersion
Pool
“Otzar”
Immersion Pool
Gamla Synagogue Complex
Immersion Pool
Gamla Synagogue Complex
“Otzar”Settling Tank
Immersion Pool
Connecting Channel
“Otzar”Water Reservoir
Concluding Remarks
Rabbi David Münzberg inspecting the mikveh in the southern casemate wall of Masada (February 11, 1964)
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