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SESSION 3
Quito, ECUADOR
Gabriel HernándezCoordinator of Information
and Energy Statistics
Energy Measurement
• Magnitude: Quality of matter or events
UNITS
1
• Amount: The value of a magnitude
• Physical Unit: Pattern of measurement
UNITSFundamental and Derived Magnitudes
• Fundamental: Basics. L, T, M, EC
• Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals. S, V, v, a
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Units
• Fundamental units: L → m, M → kg, T → s; EC → Ampere
• Derived units: s à m2, v -> m/s
• Dimensions equation: [S] = L2T
Lv =][
UNITSHomogeneity of the Physical Formulas
3
System Units:
International SystemInternational System
It has been unified with the ISO 31
UNITSInternational System of Units
Basic Units
Magnitude Name Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
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Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Temperature kelvin K
Amount of substance mole mol
Luminous intensity candela cd
UNITSInternational System of Units
Basic Units definition
Name Definition
Meter Distance traveled by light in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.
Kilogram Mass of the international prototype of a kilogram.
Second The duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the
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transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium133 atom.
Ampere Intensity of a constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallelconductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a forceequal to 2 x 10-7 newton per meter of length.
Kelvin It is 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
Mol Quantity of matter equal to the number of atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12.
Candela Unit of light, in a given direction, from a source that emits monochromaticradiation of frequency of 540x1012 hertz and with an intensity equivalent to aradiant intensity of 1/683 watts per steradian.
UNITSInternational System of Units
Derived Units
Magnitude Name Symbol
Area Square meter m2
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Area Square meter m
Volume Cubic meter m3
Velocity Meter per second m/s
Acceleration Meter per second squared m/s2
Wave number Reciprocal meter m-1
Mass density Kilogram per cubic meter kg/m3
Angular velocity Radian per second rad/s
Angular acceleration Radian per second squared rad/s2
UNITSInternational System of Units
Derived Units
Magnitude Name Symbol Expression in terms of other SI units
Expression in terms of SI base units
Frequency hertz Hz s-1
Force newton N m·kg·s-2
Pressure, stress pascal Pa N·m-2 m-1
·kg·s-2
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Pressure, stress pascal Pa N·m-2 m-1
·kg·s-2
Energy, work, quantity of heat joule J N·m m2·kg·s
-2
Power watt W J/s M2.kg.s
-3
Electric charge, quantity of electricity
coulomb C J·s-1 s.A
Electric potential difference, electromotive force
volt V W/A M2.kg.s
-3.A
-1
Electric resistance ohm W V·A-1 m2·kg·s-3·A
-2
Capacitance farad F C·V-1 m-2
·kg-1·s4·A
2
Magnetic flux weber Wb V·s m2·kg·s
-2·A
-1
UNITSSubmultiples and Multiples
Value Submultiple Symbol Value Multiple Symbol
10-18 atto a 10 deca da
10-15 femto f 102 hecto h
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10-12 pico p 103 kilo k
10-9 nano n 106 mega M
10-6 micro u 109 giga G
10-3 mili m 1012 tera T
10-2 centi c 1015 peta P
10-1 deci d 1018 exa E
International System of Units
Orthography rules of symbols
• Must be written as they are defined
UNITS
9
Meter: m no mt
Kilogram: kg no kgr
• There is no “s” added for plural
Meters: m no ms i.e: 1 m , 20 m
Kilograms: kg no kgs, i.e: 1 kg, 50 kg
International System of Units
Orthography rules of symbols
UNITS
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• Not followed by “.”
2 s no 2 s.
• There must be a space between the quantity and the unit
7 m no 7m
• The symbols are written in lowercase except for proper names derived
Second: s, meter: m, Ampere: A, Volt: V
International System of Units
Orthography rules of symbols
• The prefixes in lower case except Mega onwards
UNITS
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Deciampere: dA Mega ampere: MA
• An exponential affect the symbol and the prefix
Meters: m no ms i.e: 1 m , 20 m
Km2=(km)2 <>k(m2)
UNITSOther Unit Systems
Magnitude Absolute System Technical System
SI - M.K.S C.G.S F.P.S European English
Length m cm foot m footMass Kg g lb UTM slugTime s s s s sTemperature ºK ºC ºF ºR
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Temperature ºK ºC ºF ºRLuminous Intensity cd Electricity Current AAmount of substance mol Force N = Kg.m/s
2Dina = g.cm/s
2Poundal = lb.foot/s
2kg.f lb.f
Velocity m/s cm/s foot/s m/s foot/sAcceleration m/s
2cm/s
2foot/s
2m/s
2foot/s
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Work or Energy J = N.m ergio = dina.cm poundal.foot kg.f.m lb.f.footPower W = J/s ergio/s poundal.foot/s kg.f.m/s lb.f.foot/sPressure Pa = N/m
2dina/cm
2poundal/foot
2
Conversion Factors and Calorific Values
Conversion Factor
Mathematical expression to change the units of measurement of a quantity.
UNITS
13
Fraction indicates the number of units of a size equivalent to another unit of the same magnitude.
A conversion factor always represents the unit.
sm
XCFCFhkm
=×× 2190 sm
sh
kmm
hkm
2536001
11000
90 =
×
×
XmCFkm =×90 mkmm
km 9000011000
90 =
×
UNITSConversion Factors and Calorific Values
Calorific Values
Heat produced by complete combustion of a unit mass of a substance.
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Lower Calorific Value: Does not include the condensation energy.Upper Calorific Value: Includes the condensation energy.Calorific Value: is a property of the fuels.
[ ]kgJ
ME
cv ;=
UNITSConversion Factors and Calorific Values
Calorific Values
[ ] [ ] Epcm ][=×
15
[ ] [ ]
MJkgMJ
gasolinekg
smkg
skgmkg
kg
EME
M
Epcm
4545
)(1
...
][
][
2
2
2
2
=×
=×
=×
=×
UNITS
Conversion Factors and Calorific Values
VOLUME
1 bbl 5.614583 Cubic feet
16
1 bbl 5.614583 Cubic feet
42 American gallons
158.98 liters
0.15898 Cubic meters
1 cubic meter 1000 liters
1 liter 1 Cubic decimeter
Conversion Factors and Calorific Values
UNITS
Density t/m3
LPG 0.55
Gasoline 0.75
Kerosene 0.82
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VOLUMEN
1 cubic meter 35.3147 Cubic feet
6.2898 Barrels
264.172 American gallons
1000 liters
Kerosene 0.82
Diesel oil 0.88
Fuel oil 0.94
Crude Oil 0.8729
Conversion Factors and Calorific Values
UNITS
Mass1 ton 1000 kilograms
2204.62 pounds1.10231 short ton
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1.10231 short ton0.98421 long ton
ENERGY1 boe 0.13878 toe1 toe 7.2056 boe
1 kboe 6 terajoules1 toe 10(7) kcal
1 kboe 1.3878 teracalories
UNITSConversion Factors and Calorific Values
CALORIFIC VALUES boe
1 bbl Crude oil 1.0015
1 bbl Gasoline 0.8934
1 bbl Diesel oil 1.0015
1 bbl Heavy fuels 1.0304
1 bbl LPG 0.6701
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1 bbl LPG 0.6701
1 bbl Kerosene 0.9583
1000 m3 Natural Gas 5.9806
1 GWh Hydro /Geo Electricity 0.6196
1 ton Firewood 2.594
1 ton Charcoal 4.9718
1 ton Coal 5.0439
1 ton Coal Coke 4.8998
1 kilo Uranium 71.2777
1 bbl Alcohol 0.598
1 ton Bagasse 1.3114
Energy is the capacity to do work
HOW TO MEASURE ENERGY
F
La b
20
Force
La b
aKF ×= 1mKF ×= 2
amF ×=
2/][ −=== MLTTTML
TvM
F
kilopondkgfsm
kgMKS ==2:
21::sm
kgNSI
Work
HOW TO MEASURE ENERGY
dFW ×=
[ ] 2
2.smkg
mNJ =×=
21
HeatThe heat absorbed or evolved from a body is proportional to its mass and temperature variation.
TmcQ ∆××=
[ ]kgKJ
c.
=
JKkgKkgJ
Q =××=.
Engine
POWER
TW
P∆
=][
22
[ ] VatiosJ
ssmkg
P === /.2
2
hkWTPkWhhkW 11. ×=×==
THANK YOU!!
23
Quito-Ecuador
www.olade.org
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