View
110
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Technology Briefing
By Santhosh N
(1SS04TE039)VIII sem
What Is Smart Dust?
• Consists of tiny, wireless sensors or “motes”
• Motes communicate with one another and use a computer chip to process sensor data
Basic Hardware
Multifunctional Mote and its Elements
Smart dust: passive transmission
DownlinkLaser
Uplink
CCD Corner-Cube
Uplink
DataIn
Data
ImageSensor
Retroreflector
DataIn
Photo-
DownlinkDataOut
detector
Base-StationTransceiver
DustMote
Signal Selectionand Processing
UplinkData ...
OutNOut1
Array
UnmodulatedInterrogation
ModulatedReflected
ModulatedDownlinkDataor
BeamforUplink
BeamforUplink
Lens
Lens
Battery • SIZE OF BATTERY
AND POWER MANAGEMENT
– Several functional states.
• Low state-transition overhead
• Deep-sleep, Sleep, On
• Provide different Q OS.
• Power Management
– Power measurement.
– Power budget allocation.– Control transitions between
different power states.
COTS or Berkeley Motes
MICA 2.
•Runs on TinyOS•ATMEL Atmega 128 Processor •8-bit microcontrollor, 8MHz clock• 4KB EEPROM, 4KB RAM, 128KB flash memories• radio communication, 500-1000ft max range.
Smart Dust Today
MICA2
MICA2DOT
$40 to $150 each (depends on purchase volume)
Image Source: www.xbow.com
Smart Dust Tomorrow
Motes will be
• tiny
• inexpensive
• long lasting
IMAGINE THE SIZE!!
Price of motes
0
1
2
3
4
5
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
Year
Pri
ce
pe
r M
ote
($
) -
Es
tim
ate
Estimate Based on Intel Research Report “Sensor Nets/RFID” (www.intel.com)
Smart dust applications• Environmental monitoring.
– Insects.– Meteorological phenomena.
• Special operations.
Field Application – Monitoring Onboard Machinery
Purpose:• Predict machinery failure
Implementation:• 160 motes near ship’s
pumps, compressors, and engines
• Motes look for unusual vibration or motion
Challenge:• Harsh marine
environment
Scenario 1 - Forest Fire Detection
• Usage• A mote that detects a fire
notifies central monitoring station
• The mote’s location is the approximate location of the fire.
• Implementation• Drop smart dust from an
airplane• Motes self-organize into a
network
Image Sources: http://science.nasa.gov,USDA Forest Service - www.fs.fed.us
Scenario 2 – Spotting Pipe Corrosion
BenefitsInspect pipes without crawling in tight spacesNo need to remove insulation to inspect pipeUp to date status
Image Source: gettyimages.com
Scenario 3 - Streetlight Maintenance
• With Motes:• Firm can identify non-
working lights without a physical survey
• Benefits:• Avoid labor and
transportation costs of physical surveys
• Repairs can be organized in a more systematic manner
Image Sources: www.gettyimages.com
Space research
Implementation• Introduce motes into
the surface of the planet. Observe the sensed signals & determine the characteristics.
Issues
• Privacy• Security• Standards• Environmental
Image Sources: www.faxsuperstore.com, gettyimages.com
ADVANCED APPLICATIONS
♦Ecological Habitat Monitoring♦Structural Monitoring♦Biomedical Applications-Artificial retina♦weather/seismological monitoring on Mars♦Internal spacecraft monitoring♦Weapons stockpile monitoring♦Product quality monitoring
DISADVANTAGES
♦May disturb the ecological balance
♦It may affect the privacy of people
♦National security may be affected
♦complex circuitry needs skilled operators.
♦incorrect operation of motes may lead to huge problems in medical applications.
♦Protection of motes from external environment is challenging.
Conclusion
• Smart dust is available today
• Cost may be reduced by mass production.• We can expect motes in almost all the fields in
future, thanks for scientists who achieved this.
References & Links• I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and
E. Cayirci. Wireless Sensor Networks:A Survey. Computer Networks, 38(4):393–422, March 2002.
• http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust• www.gettyimages.com• www.smartdust.com• www.wikipidia.com
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS?
Recommended