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Strategies for High Luminosity at D Ø (the next trigger upgrades). D Ø Physics and Triggering Big Plans and Their Consequences The D Ø Trigger Upgrade L1Cal: Algorithms and Challenges Where Does it All Fit In ?. Hal EvansColumbia University. D Ø à la carte. some Run II Physics Goals. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 1
Strategies for High Luminosity at DØ(the next trigger upgrades)
Strategies for High Luminosity at DØ(the next trigger upgrades)
Hal Evans Columbia University
1. DØ Physics and Triggering
2. Big Plans and Their Consequences
3. The DØ Trigger Upgrade
4. L1Cal: Algorithms and Challenges
5. Where Does it All Fit In ?
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 2
DØ à la carteDØ à la carte
DØ is a General Purpose DetectorDesigned to Study a Huge Range of Physics Topics
QCD Understand the strong force where it is predictive Background for all other physics
B Physics QCD at perturb/non-perturb interface Probe quark mixing Indirect evidence for new physics
W/Z QCD Tests Precision measurement of EW parameters
Top Precision measurement of EW parameters Most massive particle new physics
Higgs The heart of EW symmetry breaking
Searches Directly look for new particles/effects predicted by specific beyond the SM models
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 3
some Run II Physics Goalssome Run II Physics Goals
Topic World Ave. DØ (2 fb-1) Future
EW
M(W) 80.426 0.034 GeV
<30 MeV 10-20 MeV LHC
(W) 2.139 0.069 GeV < 40 MeV
Top
M(t) 174.3 5.1 GeV <2 GeV <2 GeV LHC
5.6 1.8 pb 10% ~ 10% LHC
< 13.5 pb 20%(|Vtb| to 12%)
<10%(|Vtb| to 5%)
LHC
t Polarization 3% < 2% LHC
new
SM Higgs >114 GeV < 115 GeV 1 TeV LHC
M(Z’) >500-600 GeV >1.2 TeV >2 TeV LHC
MS (LED) >1-1.4 TeV <2-3.5 TeV >6-8 TeV LHC
B CP (sin 2) 0.736 0.049 0.03 0.02 BTeV,LHCb
Bs +- < 210-6 < 510-8 10-9 LHC
Bs Mixing (ms) >14.4 ps-1 20-25 ~75 BTeV,LHCb
)ttp(p tX)p(p
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 4
Swimming in DataSwimming in Data
Process X-Section Rate (@ L=2x1032 cm-2s-1)
Beam X’ing 2.5 MHz(396 ns)
50 mb 10 MHz
50 b 10 kHz
22 nb 4.4 Hz
1 nb 0.2 Hz
7.2 pb 5 / hour
425 fb 7 / day*m(H)=100 GeV
)( bbpp 1y
ttpp
H(*) W/Zpp
pp Inelastic
WXpp
XbbZXpp
Conclusion:too much Physics !
Conclusion:too much Physics !
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 5
Event TopologiesEvent Topologies
Background: QCD
bb
jet
jet
jjbbttpp
01
01
11
~qq;~
~;~bt~
b
bjet
jet
0~
0~
TjjbbXttpp ~~
WXpp
jet
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 6
Wheat from ChaffWheat from Chaff
Mode X-sect <Etjet>
[GeV]<Et
lept> [GeV]
<MEt> [GeV]
Displ. Vert.
Bgrd’s
50 mb low none ~0 none
50 b ~6 ~1 ~0 few mm QCD
4 nb ~45 ~45 none QCD
1 nb ~45 low ~0 ~5 mm Instrument
2.5 pb ~50 ~45 ~50 ~5 mm W/Z+jets,VV’
1 pb QCD + instr
2 pb
425 fb W/Z+jets,VV’
~45 ~45 ~45 ~5 mm Top
~45 none ~70 ~5 mm QCD + instr
Beyond SM ~any high high high large varies
)1( bbpp y
pp Inelastic
XWXpp
XbbZXpp
jetsttpp (s) tXpp
(t) tXpp
H(*) W/Zpp
bb
bb
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 7
Trigger HappyTrigger Happy
L14.2 s
(128 terms)
L2100 s
(128 terms)
L350 ms
(48 nodes)
2.5 MHz
3 kHz
1 kHz
50 Hz
F’work
Data
Level-1: (2.5 MHz 3 kHz) Single Sub-Det’s Towers, Tracks, ET-miss Some correlationss Not deadtimeless
Level-2: (3 kHz 1 kHz) Correlations Calibrated Data Phys Objs: e,,j,,ET-miss
Level-3: (1 kHz 50 Hz) Simple Reco Physics Algo’s
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 8
DØ L1 & L2 Triggers: Run IIaDØ L1 & L2 Triggers: Run IIa
CAL
c/f PS
CFT
SMT
MU
FPD
L1Cal
L1PS
L1CTT
L1Mu
L1FPD
L2Cal
L2PS
L2CTT
L2STT
L2Mu
Global L2Framework
Detector
Lumi
Level 1 Level 2
2.5 Mhz 3 khz 1 khz
Level 3
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 9
DØ Data So FarDØ Data So Far
emittance at injection chromaticity alignment / helices reliability: Pfail(1hr) ~2%
17 hr stores 1/3 end in comp failure
234 pb-1 recorded
(Run I: 125 pb-1)
Ib
92-96
IIa (now)
IIa
(goal)
E-CM [GeV] 1800 1960 1960
Bunches 6x6 36x36 36x36
Spacing [ns] 3500 396 396
p/bch (x1010) 23 22 27
Anti-p/bch (x1010) 5.5 2.2 13
Peak Lumi. (x1031)
[cm-2s-1] 0.16 4 28
Lumi/week pb-1 3.2 6 55
Tot Lumi fb-1 0.125 0.305 9
Int’s/X’ing 2.5 <1 >6
Current Issues
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 10
Accelerator Plan: July 2003Accelerator Plan: July 2003
1.61032
2.81032
10/02 10/03 10/04 10/05 10/06 10/07 10/08 10/09
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Pea
k L
um
ino
sity
(x1
031cm
-2se
c-1)
we are here
slip stacking
recycler & e-cool
stacktail upgrade
tev helix
dedicated hep
Int Lumi 0.3 0.7 1.4 2.2 3.8 6.2 8.6 Design
[fb-1] 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.3 4.4 Base
<Interactions> per bunch x’ing
5.5
1.3
7.7
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 11
Every Silver Lining has Its CloudEvery Silver Lining has Its Cloud
1. Event Rates L1 bandwidth limit
2. Fake Rates (occup.) interactions per crossing
Jet Turn-On (L1/Tot)
• Trig = 1 TT > 5 GeV
• || < 0.9
Fake Track Rate
• Trig = 1 Trk (Pt > 10 GeV)
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 12
Bare-Bones Triggers: Run IIaBare-Bones Triggers: Run IIa
Trigger Run IIa Definition Example Channel L1 Rate [kHz] (no upgrade)
EM 1 EM TT > 10 GeV WevWHevjj
1.3
DiEM 1 EM TT > 7 GeV 2 EM TT > 5 GeV
ZeeZHeejj
0.5
Muon 1 Mu Pt > 11 GeVCFT Track
WvWHvjj
6
Di-Mu 2 Mu Pt > 3 GeVCFT Tracks
Z/ZHjj
0.4
e + Jets 1 EM TT > 7 GeV2 Had TT > 5 GeV
WHevjjttev+jets
0.8
Mu + Jet 1 Mu Pt > 3 GeV1 Had TT > 5 GeV
WHvjjttv+jets
<0.1
Jet+MEt 2 TT > 5 GeVMEt > 10 GeV
ZHvvbb 2.1
Mu+EM 1 Mu Pt > 3 GeV + Trk1 EM TT > 5 GeV
HWW,ZZ <0.1
Iso Trk 1 Iso Trk Pt > 10 GeV H , Wv 17
Di-Trk 1 Iso Trk Pt > 10 GeV2 Trk Pt > 5 GeV1 Trk matched w/ EM
H(equiv +35% lumi)
0.6
Total Rate ~30
Luminosity21032
BC396 ns
Luminosity21032
BC396 ns
L1 Limit~3 kHz
L1 Limit~3 kHz
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 13
Can You Believe Us?Can You Believe Us? Background Rate Simulation
PYTHIA QCD Monte Carlo + Poisson Distrib. of PYTHIA min-bias events
Agreement is pretty good !
CFT Occupancy vs Layerdata vs sim min-bias
Jet & EM Trigger Ratesdata vs sim qcd bgrd
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 14
Growing Pains for the TriggerGrowing Pains for the Trigger
System Problems Solutions
L1Cal 1) Trig on =0.20.2 TTs slow turn-on curve, high rates
Clustering
L1Track 1) Rates sensitive to occupancy 100 increase now21032
Narrower Track Roads Improve Cal-Track Match
L1Muon No Additional Changes Needed! Requires Track Trig
L2 1) L2 functionality moved to L1 Upgrade Beta processors
L2 STT 1) Silicon is changing Adding Layer-0
Produce more boards
L3 1) Some L3 func. moved to L22) Want more rate capability up to 100 Hz
Buy 96 more L3 Nodes More processing power
Note: will concentrate mainly on L1 in this talk
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 15
History LessonsHistory Lessons
Original Run IIb Plan Accel: >15 fb-1, BC=132ns Exp’s: Si, Trigger, DAQ Higgs Reach 180 GeV Extensive Reviews
Reality Strikes accelerator plan driven by
physics goals rather than machine realities
Causing Consequences Si upgrades cancelled (foolishly)
driven by Integ. Lumi DØ adding inner Si layer
recovers some of orig. upgrade gain
Trigger upgrades unchanged driven by Inst. Lumi
Run II Higgs Working Group
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 16
Trigger Upgrade OverviewTrigger Upgrade Overview
Main Changes at Level-1 L1Cal completely new L1CTT trk-finding DBs Cal-Trk copy from L1Mu
Level-2 STT changed SMT Gen add processing
General Plan fewest possible changes small perturb on DØ physics
commissioning
CAL
c/f PS
CFT
SMT
MU
FPD
L1Cal
L1PS
L1CTT
L1Mu
L1FPD
L2Cal
L2PS
L2CTT
L2STT
L2Mu
Global L2Framework
Detector
Lumi
Level 1 Level 2
2.5 Mhz 3 khz 1 khz
Level 3
CalTrk
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 17
L1 Track Trigger AlgorithmL1 Track Trigger Algorithm
Run IIadoublets define roads
Run IIbsinglets define roads
80 – 4.5o Sectors
Pt Range (GeV)
Scheme Tracking Eff (%)
Fake Rate (% of evts)
Pt > 10 (IIa) ABCDEFGH 96.9 1.02 ± 0.10
Pt > 10 abcdefgh 98.03 ± 0.22 0.056 ± 0.009
3 < Pt < 5 abcdEFGH 98.40 ± 0.20 4.5 ± 1.2
1.5 < Pt < 3 abcdEFGH 95.15 ± 0.32 25.4 ± 0.2
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 18
Matching Tracks & Cal at Level-1Matching Tracks & Cal at Level-1
Big Benefits from Matching Tracking & Cal. Information geometrical match energy match
Current System Track (80) Cal Quadr (4) (not yet implemented)
New System Track (80) Cal Clust (32) Factor 2-3 rate reduction Preliminary Studies
eff.(H) ~ 30% Rate
~ 125 Hz
Design based on L1Muon limits risk
L1Cal Quadrant(8 cluster posn’s)
L1CTT Track(20 / quadrant)
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 19
DØ U-LAr CalorimeterDØ U-LAr Calorimeter
Hermetic || < 4.2
Good E-Res EM: ~14%/E <1% Jet: ~80%/E
Granular Readout =0.10.1 4 EM samples 4-5 Had
Trigger Elements 32 x 40
x(EM & EM+H) 2560 TTs
ICR not used
InterCryostat Detector (ICD) Massless
Gaps(no absorb)
Coarse Hadr.
Fine Hadr.
Electro-Mag.
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 20
L1 Cal in Run IIaL1 Cal in Run IIa
L1Cal in Run IIa Using Run Ib System (1990) Unit = Trigger Tower (TT)
= 0.20.2 4032
1280 EM + 1280 Had Compromise b/w Jet & EM
EM Molière Radius ~0.02 Jet Radius ~0.5
Trigger Outputs1. # EM TTs > 4 Thr
H Et veto avail. – not used also avail. by quadrant
2. # EM+H TTs > 4 Thr also avail. by quadrant
3. Global ET Sum
4. Missing ET (Ex & Ey)
Cal Preamp
PrecisionReadout
Trigger Pickoff
Analog TT Sums
BLS Cardon detector
ADC
EEt
EM & EM+H Compare &
Sums
CTFE4 EM + 4 H TT
Sum / Add Trees
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 21
L1Cal is KeyL1Cal is Key
L1 Calorimeter Trigger is the primary mechanism for collecting: e/, Jets, Invisible Particles (MET)
Physics Sample Channels Cal Triggers
Electro-Weak EM, MET
Top EM, Jet
(calibrate E-scale)
B Physics Bs Mixing (hadronic) EM, Cal-Track
New Phenomena EM, Jet, MET
Higgs EM, Jet, MET
Z / W
bbZ
jets all jets,tt
WWH
bb H W/Z(*)
/
KK011
01
01
021
G ,bWt
~~
~~~~
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 22
Run IIa LimitationsRun IIa Limitations
1. Signal rise > 132 ns cross thrsh before peak
trigger on wrong x’ing affects high-Et events prevents 132 ns running
2. Poor Et-res. (Jet,EM,MEt) slow turn-on curves
5 Gev TT thresh 80% eff. for 40 GeV jets
low thresholds unacceptable rates at L = 21032
132 ns
EM TT Signal
396 ns
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 23
Run IIb Solutions (1)Run IIb Solutions (1)
Solution to Signal Rise Time: Digital Filtering digitize Cal trigger signals 8-tap FIR (6-bit coeff’s) + Peak Detector run at BC2 reformats output for transmission to physics algo stage
Benefits allows running at 132 ns (keeps this option open) improvements in energy resolution (under study) note: this stage is necessary as input to algo stage
28 TapFIR
3 PointPeak
Detector2
ET
Look UpTable
ADC
10 bit30.28 MHz
Serializer
10 bit15.14 MHz
11 bit15.14 MHz
11 bit7.57 MHz
8 bit7.57 MHz
BC rate:7.57 MHz
Analoginput
ADF Processing Chain
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 24
Run IIb Solutions (2)Run IIb Solutions (2)
Solution for Rates: Sliding Windows Algorithm Et cluster local max. search
on 4032 () TT grid Jet, EM & Tau algo’s Better calc of missing Et Topological Triggers Jet, EM clust output for
matching with L1 Tracks Benefits
2.5–3 Jet Rate reduction at const. eff.
ZHvvbb Rate: 2.10.8 kHz
Similar gains for EM &Tau MEt, Topological Triggers
under study
X RoI ET Cluster
Region
Data Needed for Declustering
Cand. RoI center
O O O O O
O O O O O
O O O O
O O O O O
O O O O O
RoI center used for compares
Jet Algo
X
RoI / EM cluster
EM Isolation
Had Isolation
EM Algo
X
RoI / Tau cluster
EM + Had Isolation
Tau Algo
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 25
Algorithm ResultsAlgorithm Results
More Possibilties improved EM turn-on new tau triggers topological triggers improved Met resolution
ZH
bb
x3
Turn-on Curves
from data
TTsAve = 0.4RMS/Ave = 0.5 Sliding Windows
Ave = 0.8RMS/Ave = 0.2
Et(trig) / Et(reco)w/ Run IIa Data!
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 26
What We Get !What We Get !Trigger Run IIa Definition Example Channel L1 Rate [kHz]
(no upgrade)L1 Rate [kHz](w/ upgrade)
EM 1 EM TT > 10 GeV WevWHevjj
1.3 0.7
DiEM 1 EM TT > 7 GeV 2 EM TT > 5 GeV
ZeeZHeejj
0.5 0.1
Muon 1 Mu Pt > 11 GeVCFT Track
WvWHvjj
6 1.1
Di-Mu 2 Mu Pt > 3 GeVCFT Tracks
Z/ZHjj
0.4 <0.1
e + Jets 1 EM TT > 7 GeV2 Had TT > 5 GeV
WHevjjttev+jets
0.8 0.2
Mu + Jet 1 Mu Pt > 3 GeV1 Had TT > 5 GeV
WHvjjttv+jets
<0.1 <0.1
Jet+MEt 2 TT > 5 GeVMEt > 10 GeV
ZHvvbb 2.1 0.8
Mu+EM 1 Mu Pt > 3 GeV + Trk1 EM TT > 5 GeV
HWW,ZZ <0.1 <0.1
Iso Trk 1 Iso Trk Pt > 10 GeV H , Wv 17 1.0
Di-Trk 1 Iso Trk Pt > 10 GeV2 Trk Pt > 5 GeV1 Trk matched w/ EM
H 0.6 <0.1
Total Rate ~30 3.9
Luminosity21032
BC396 ns
Luminosity21032
BC396 ns
L1 Limit~3 kHz
L1 Limit~3 kHz
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 27
The Run IIb L1Cal SystemThe Run IIb L1Cal System
Collaborators Columbia/Nevis Fermilab Northeastern Michigan State Saclay U. Illinois, Chicago
Custom Board No Purpose
ADF: ACD/Dig. Filt. 80 digitize, filter, E-to-Et
SCLD: ADF Timing F’out 4 ADF control/timing
TAB: Trig Algo Board 8 algo’s, Cal-Trk out, sums
GAB: Global Algo Board 1 sums, trigs to FWK
VME/SCL Board 1 VME comm & timing f’out to TAB/GAB
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 28
Design ConstraintsDesign Constraints
System Design driven by Data Sharing requirments of Sliding Windows Algorithm 1 Local Max search requires data from 66 TTs Minimize Data Duplication 30 ADFs (960 TTs) 1 TAB
Data Transmitted Serially using LVDS 3 identical copies per ADF LVDS transmission at 424 MHz >0.1 Tbit/s in System
Use National Channel Link Chipset (48:8 mux) Compact Cables: AMP with 2mm HM connectors
Serial Arithmetic on TAB pins on FPGAs
Serial Adder
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 29
ADF PrototypeADF Prototype
BLS Input(32 TTs)
to TABs(3 cables)
VME
Channel Link Xmit
Analog & ADCs
Logic FPGAs
DC/DC Conv.
VME Interface
~1300 components on both sides of a 14-layer class 6 PCB
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 30
TAB PrototypeTAB Prototype
power
Channel Link Receivers (x30)
Sliding WindowsChips (x10)
L2/L3 Output (optical)
VME/SCL
Output to GAB
Output to Cal-Track (x3)
AD
F Inputs (x30)
Global Chip
DC/DC conv
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 31
The Short and Winding RoadThe Short and Winding Road
Date Achievement
Jul. 2001 Trigger Task Force determines necessity for Trigger Upgrade
Sep. 2001 Real Work Starts
2001-2002 Reviews, reviews, reviews…
Sep. 2002 “Final” DOE Approval
Jul. 2003 Prototype ADF and TAB
Sep. 2003 Silicon part of upgrade cancelled
Oct. 2003 Successful Prototype Integration Test
Mar. 2005 All Hardware Produced and Bench Tested
Jul. 2005 Install System (~14 weeks during accel. shutdown)
Total Price Tag: $1.4M
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 32
Getting Our Hands on DataGetting Our Hands on Data
Need to assure that downtime due to installation is minimized
Access to Real TT Data using “Splitter” Boards no perturbation of Run IIa
L1Cal signals
Test System set up near Detector first look at real performance
noise, digital filter algo, trigger terms…
experience running the boards
interaction w/ trig. framework
Critical to have a Well Understood system before Final Installation
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 33
Looking to the FutureLooking to the Future
DØ L1Cal as LHC Testbed Atlas uses sliding windows experience w/ digital filter important differences
BCid, saturation…
DØ Atlas
Beam Xing [ns] 396 40
L1 Accept [kHz] 3 75
TT 0.20.2 0.10.1
No. TT’s 256040322
6400 50642
TT Et [GeV] 0.25–64 1–255
Atlas L1Calo
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 34
ConclusionsConclusions
Tevatron Luminosity is Steadily Increasing goal is 4–9 fb-1 by start of LHC physics
DØ Physics Goals are Ambitious wide range of physics topics
new phenom/higgs, top, W/Z, b-physics, qcd
Inst. Lumi Gains Upgrade of Trigger retain sensitivity to high Pt processes main hardware component at Level-1
State of the Art Electronics / Novel Algorithms a test bed for even more sophisticated systems at the LHC
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 35
Backup SlidesBackup Slides
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 36
Physics Goals ReferencesPhysics Goals References
Run II Tevatron Working Groups http://www-theory.fnal.gov
Publications Higgs hep-ph/0010338 SUGRA hep-ph/0003154 BTMSSM hep-ph/0006162 RPV hep-ph/9906224 GM SUSY hep-ph/0008070 Electroweak Fermilab-PUB-00/297 Top see web (above) B hep-ph/0201071
H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 37
VME/SCL BoardVME/SCL Board New Comp. of TAB/GAB system
proposed: Feb 03
change control: Mar 03 Interfaces to
VME (custom protocol) not enough space on TAB for
standard VME D0 Trigger Timing (SCL) (previously part of GAB)
Why Split off from GAB simplifies system design &
maintenance allows speedy testing of
prototype TAB
Fully Tested: Jun 12 serial out x9(VME & SCL)
VME interface
SCL interface
local osc’s & f’out (standalone runs)
Fully TestedFully Tested
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