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SEMINAR REPORT
ON
FACTS AND THEIR CONTROL
(Flexible AC Transmission System and Their Control)
BYSATPUTE SANTOSH RAOSAHEB
EXAM. NO: T3212550 ROLL NO: 3450
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MR. V.V.KULKARNI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ALL INDIA SHRI SHIVAJI MEMORIAL SOCIETYS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING.
KENNEDY ROAD, PUNE-411001
* [2005-2006] *
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Santosh R. Satpute of T.E. (Electrical) has
successfully completed his necessary seminar work and prepared a report on
FACTS AND THEIR CONTROL in satisfactory manner at AISSMS COE
as partial fulfillment of Degree course in academic year 2005-06 as
prescribed by University Of Pune.
Date:
Place:
____________________
Mr. V.V. Kulkarni
Guide
____________________
Prof. S.K.Biradar
Head of Dept.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me proud privilege to complete this seminar work on FACTS AND
THEIR CONTROL under valuable guidance of Mr. V.V.Kulkarni at
AISSMS COE, Pune.
I would also like to thank all staff members of Electrical
Dept. for timely help and encouragement for fulfillment of seminar work. At
last I would like to thank all colleagues for providing help.
SANTOSH R. SATPUTE
Roll No: 3450
T.E. (ELECTRICAL)
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Abstract
Energy is the basic necessity for the economic development of the country. The rate of
growth of electricity usage thought out the world is increasingly high in the last ten years.
in recent years ecological concerns and high installation costs have put constraints over
construction of new plants and overhead lines in many countries; thereby forcing existing
system to be used more efficiently. AC transmission systems are thought of as being
'inflexible. Power flow in AC networks simply follows ohms law and ordinarily cannot
be made to flow from the source to load is in inverse proportion to the relative impedance
path take the largest fraction of flow; but all lines in the interconnection are a part of theflow path.
With these number of operating constraints in terms of voltage profile, power
flow, stability and sub synchronic resonance (SSR) are figured. Conventional means such
as circuit breakers, isolators, shunt and series compensators along with synchronous
condensers help a lot to deal with these problems. But the overall control is slow and at
times may result in loss of synchronism and serious over voltages on load buses.
Development of flexible A.C transmission systems (FACTS) technologies has
made it possible the control of power flow on AC transmission lines and utilizes the
existing facilities all the way to its thermal limit without degrading reliability. FACTS
include the use of high power electronics, advanced control centers and communications
links.
This paper covers the modern trends in flexible A.C transmission system,
envisaging the FACTS controllers with present and future applications.
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INDEX
SR.NO. CHAPTER Page No.
1 Introduction 1
2 Use of FACTS 3
3 Development and control of FACTS 4
4 The Constraints to transmission 5
4.1 Old and New concepts
5 FACTS Controllers 7
6 FACTS Devices 8
6.1 Transmission System FACTS Devices 9
6.2 Non Transmission System FACTS Devices 13
6.3 Todays FACTS controllers 17
7 General Assessments 19
8 Function Analysis
8.1 Power flow control 21
8.2 Transient stability enhancement 21
9 Conclusion 23
References 24
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