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SEMINAR REPORT
ON
FACTS AND THEIR CONTROL
(Flexible AC Transmission System and Their Control)
BYSATPUTE SANTOSH RAOSAHEB
EXAM. NO: T3212550 ROLL NO: 3450
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MR. V.V.KULKARNI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ALL INDIA SHRI SHIVAJI MEMORIAL SOCIETYS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING.
KENNEDY ROAD, PUNE-411001
* [2005-2006] *
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Abstract
Energy is the basic necessity for the economic development of
the country. The rate of
growth of electricity usage thought out the world is
increasingly high in the last ten years.
in recent years ecological concerns and high installation costs
have put constraints over
construction of new plants and overhead lines in many countries;
thereby forcing existing
system to be used more efficiently. AC transmission systems are
thought of as being
'inflexible. Power flow in AC networks simply follows ohms law
and ordinarily cannot
be made to flow from the source to load is in inverse proportion
to the relative impedance
path take the largest fraction of flow; but all lines in the
interconnection are a part of theflow path.
With these number of operating constraints in terms of voltage
profile, power
flow, stability and sub synchronic resonance (SSR) are figured.
Conventional means such
as circuit breakers, isolators, shunt and series compensators
along with synchronous
condensers help a lot to deal with these problems. But the
overall control is slow and at
times may result in loss of synchronism and serious over
voltages on load buses.
Development of flexible A.C transmission systems (FACTS)
technologies has
made it possible the control of power flow on AC transmission
lines and utilizes the
existing facilities all the way to its thermal limit without
degrading reliability. FACTS
include the use of high power electronics, advanced control
centers and communications
links.
This paper covers the modern trends in flexible A.C transmission
system,
envisaging the FACTS controllers with present and future
applications.
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INDEX
SR.NO. CHAPTER Page No.
1 Introduction 1
2 Use of FACTS 3
3 Development and control of FACTS 4
4 The Constraints to transmission 5
4.1 Old and New concepts
5 FACTS Controllers 7
6 FACTS Devices 8
6.1 Transmission System FACTS Devices 9
6.2 Non Transmission System FACTS Devices 13
6.3 Todays FACTS controllers 17
7 General Assessments 19
8 Function Analysis
8.1 Power flow control 21
8.2 Transient stability enhancement 21
9 Conclusion 23
References 24
