Study of three-body systems at KVI

18th International Conference on Few-body Problems in Physics Santos, August 21-26, 2006

Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki

Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI)18th International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics

Santos, August 21, 2006

Study of three-body systems at KVINasser Kalantar, FB18 2006

N-N PotentialsModern phenomenological NN potentials:

Modern phenomenological NN potentials:

Comparison with experimental np&pp database gives: 2/data ~ 1 Comparison with experimental np&pp database gives: 2/data ~ 1

Nijmegen I Nijmegen II Reid 93 CD-Bonn Argonne V18 …

Beyond phenomenological N-N forces

Phenomenological N-N forces fail to describe A>2 systems! How to resolve?

Three-Nucleon Force!

Three-Body Forces in Nuclear Physics

“...the replacement of field interactions by two-body action-at-a-distance potentials is a poor approximation in nuclear problems.”

Three-body forces in Nuclear physics

∑∑=>=

+−=3

2 jiij

++−= ∑∑=>=

Three-Body Forces in Nuclear Physics

Ggggggg

parametrization of Fuijta-Miyazawa force + 2rescattering + higher-order interactions

Added to 2N potential as correction Tucson-Melbourne, Urbana IX, …

Effective-Field Theory Approach

Developed by Weinberg

Coupling of pions and nucleons in EFT

Predicts structure of 3NF

Self-consistent approach

Only works at energies below pion-mass scale

A three-body force is a force that does not exist in a system of two objects but appears in a system of three objects (three-body system like in Euler's three-body problem) or more. In physics, an intuitive example of a three-body force is the case of charged, metallic spheres: the charge distribution at the surface of two spheres placed close to each other will be modified, and thus the total force felt by a third sphere cannot be described by the sum of the forces from the two other spheres taken individually. The fundamental strong interaction seems to exhibits such behaviours. In particle physics, the interactions between the three quarks that compose baryons can be described in a diquark model which is equivalent to the hypothesis of a three-body force. There is growing evidence in the field of nuclear physics that three-body forces exist among the nucleons inside atomic nuclei (three-nucleon force).

Three-body forces and Wikipedia

As an analogy, if we identify bodies with humanbeings and forces with emotions, jealousy is agood example of three-body force: it is not felt as long as only two persons are acting, but it canshow up as soon as a third person enters into the scene. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body_force"

- Electromagnetic interaction on 3B systems

- 3B (and more bodies?) Bound states

- 3B Elastic scattering in large parts of phase space

- 3B Break-up reaction in different kinematics

- Many-body systems Nuclear matter

Study of Three-Body Forcein Nuclear Physics

• Which reactions (and systems) to study?

N + d N + dN + d N + N + NN + d 3He(3H) +

+ 3He(3H) N + d + 3He(3H) N + N + N

N + d N + dN + d N + N + NN + d 3He(3H) +

+ 3He(3H) N + d + 3He(3H) N + N + N

See talk R3-18J. Messchendorp

Total nd Cross sections

High precision data from Los Alamos

W.P. Abfalterer et al., PRL 81, 57 (1998)

nd scattering

np scattering

Only 2NF

Effect of 3NF small

High-precision mandatory

In addition, look for sensitivity: exclusive channels other observables

Effect of 3NF small

High-precision mandatory

In addition, look for sensitivity: exclusive channels other observables

AGOR Facility

Detectors

SALAD1995-2002

BINA2004-???

Effect of 3NF as a function of Energy

Bieber et al.,

PRL84, 606 (2000)

Ermisch et al.,

PRL86,

5862 (2001)

PRC68,

054004(2003)

PRC71,

064004(2005)

Spin-Transfer Coefficients

H.R. Amir-Ahmadi, Submitted to PRL

rd + p →

r p + d @180 MeV

σ =σ 0(1+3

2pz Ay +

2pzzAyy )

py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3

2pzzKyy

rd + p →

r p + d @180 MeV

σ =σ 0(1+3

2pz Ay +

2pzzAyy )

py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3

2pzzKyy

rd + p →

r p + d @180 MeV

σ =σ 0(1+3

2pz Ay +

2pzzAyy )

py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3

2pzzKyy

rd + p →

r p + d @180 MeV

σ =σ 0(1+3

2pz Ay +

2pzzAyy )

py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3

2pzzKyy

rd + p →

r p + d @180 MeV

σ =σ 0(1+3

2pz Ay +

2pzzAyy )

py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3

2pzzKyy

Hanover Approach of dynamical delta

rd + p →

r p + d @180 MeV

σ =σ 0(1+3

2pz Ay +

2pzzAyy )

py'σ = σ 0(Py ' +3

2pzzKyy

More analyzing powers

65 MeV/A 90 MeV/A

Overview world data-base for pd pd

rich set of spin observables for the elastic channel, allowing a multi-dim. study of 3NF

only fraction has been measured accurately and systematically (RIKEN/RCNP/IUCF/KVI)

still much to explore!

rich set of spin observables for the elastic channel, allowing a multi-dim. study of 3NF

only fraction has been measured accurately and systematically (RIKEN/RCNP/IUCF/KVI)

still much to explore!

5 dimensional phase space (1, 2, E1, E2, 12) i.e. much larger than in the elastic channel ()5 dimensional phase space (1, 2, E1, E2, 12) i.e. much larger than in the elastic channel ()

Allows detailed road-map for the study of nuclear forcesAllows detailed road-map for the study of nuclear forces

Requires a setup with large coverageRequires a setup with large coverage

Break-up channelBreak-up channel

Break-up channel at 65 MeV/A

d + p → p + p + n

S (MeV)

Analysis byPolish group

The break-up channel

σ2NF+3NF – σ2NF

σ2NF+3NF σ

Bochum-Cracow Group(2NF=CDB, 3NF=TM’)

p + d → p + p + n@190MeV

The new polarimeter and the 4 detector, BINA

BINA @ KVIBINA @ KVI

~3 meters

Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (BINA)

The new polarimeter and the 4 detector, BINA

150 phoswichScintillators=Target chamber

Forward scintillators (E-wall)

Thin scintillators forparticle identification

Wire chambers + analyzer

The new Polarimeter and the 4 detector

Break-up channel at 190 MeV

rp + d → p + p + n

See the talk by H. Mardanpour, Friday R3-15

Preliminary

Results

Cross section AyE1 vs. E2

Summary• Three-body hadronic reactions are the most

promosing tool for the study of 3BF effects.

• A systematic study of cross sections and analyzing powers as a function of energy provides a good data-base for these studies.

• Aside from cross sections, many spin observables have also been studied at various energies.E

• Pilot experiment for the break-up very successful.• New experiment at 135 and 190 MeV finished

recently. Lots of results emerging.Bre

Outlook

• The search for 3BF effects is taking place at a few laboratories.

• At KVI, we have set up a comprehensive program to study the three-body systems.

• The situation for the three-body systems is like the situation of NN of some 20 years ago!

• How about the 4-body system?

AcknowledgementsH.R. Amir Ahmadi, A.M. van den Berg, R. Bieber, K. Ermisch, M. Elsami-Kalantari, M.N. Harakeh, H. Huisman, M. Kis, H. Mardanpour, A. Mehmandoost, J.G. Messchendorp, M. Mahjour-Shafiei, A. Ramazani, E. Van Garderen, M. Volkerts, S.Y. van der Werf, H. Woertche

+ Polish Experimental Group (O. Biegun, K. Bodek, St. Kistryn, A. Micherdzinska, E. Stephan, J. Zejma and W. Zipper)

+ Japanese group (K. Itoh, T. Kawabata, H. Kuboki, Y. Maeda, S. Sakaguchi, H. Sakai, N. Sakalmoto, Y. Sasamoto, M. Sasano, K. Sekiguchi, K. Suda, Y. Takahashi, T. Uesaka, K. Yako

+ Theoretical support from Bochum-Cracow (Gloeckle, Golak, Kuros-Zolnierczuk, Skibinski and Witala)KIT (Kamada)Hanover (Sauer)Lisbon (Deltuva)Jülich (Epelbaum, Nogga)

A look at the Japanese data

70 MeV 135 MeV 250 MeV

Nucleon-deuteron Nucleon-deuteron Radiative CaptureRadiative Capture

Why study Nd radiative capture?Why study Nd radiative capture?

1) Initial (pd) and final state (3He) show 3NF effects-> radiative capture should also!

2) High-momentum component of 3He w.f.

3)3) Sensitive to electro-magnetic Sensitive to electro-magnetic currents!currents!

“Tensor anomaly” in pd-radiative capture

o IUCF, PRC35, 37(87)

RCNP (Preliminary)

Bochum-Cracow Faddeev calculation Potentials: AV18 (NN) +UIX (3NF) E.M. current operator: non-rel single nucleon + many-body currents in and exchange (explicit)

p+d3He+ @ 100 MeV/nucleon

Ay(d) Ay(N)

Ayy Axx

o IUCF, PRC35, 37(87)

RCNP (Preliminary)

Ay(d) Ay(N)

Ayy Axx

Hanover Coupled channel Potentials: CD Bonn+ (NN) +virtual E.M. current operator: Siegert form of the current operator + expl. MEC contrs. not accounted for by SGE

“Tensor

Anomaly”

“Tensor anomaly” in pd-radiative capture

p+d3He+ @ 100 MeV/nucleon

KVI Experiment (2003)d+pd+p33He+He+

e+/e-e+/e-

LH2-55 mg/cm2 CH2-10 mg/cm2

Vector and tensor analyzing powers

in d+p->3He+ @ KVI

Calc. Hanover group

Data:A. Mehmandoost nucl-ex/0501012; PLB 617, 18 (2005)

Triton Binding Energy

Model 2/data 3H B.E. [MeV]

NIJM I 1.03 7.72

NIJM II 1.03 7.62

Reid93 1.03 7.63

Argonne V18 1.09 7.62

Triton Binding Energy

Model 2/data 3H B.E. [MeV]

NIJM I 1.03 7.72

NIJM II 1.03 7.62

Reid93 1.03 7.63

Argonne V18 1.09 7.62

EXPERIMENT - 8.48

Modern N-N potentials fail to describe triton B.E. Modern N-N potentials fail to describe triton B.E.

Ab-initio calculations for light nucleiC

(+3NF)

Nd elastic scattering cross sections

H. Witala et al. PRL 81, 1183 (1998)

Enlab = 12 MeV

Enlab = 65 MeV

Enlab = 140 MeV

Enlab = 200 MeV

3NF only 2NF only

The Ay puzzle at low energies

dpdp +→+r

18 MeV

5 MeV 7 MeV 9 MeV

10 MeV 12 MeV 16 MeV

22.7 MeV 28 MeV

Calculations by Pisa group

The Ay puzzle at low energies

Calculations by Pisa group, data courtesy T. Clegg from TUNL

pd elastic scattering cross sections

dpdp +→+

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

–dat

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

–dat

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

–dat

K. Ermisch et al.,

PRC 68, 054004 (2003),

PRC 71, 064004 (2005)

p+d vector analyzing powers

dpdp +→+r

Bieber et al.,

PRL84, 606 (2000)

Ermisch et al.,

PRL86, 5862 (2001)

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+r

)cos1(0 φσσ ypA+=

σσσσ

Bieber et al.,

PRL84, 606 (2000)

Ermisch et al.,

PRL86, 5862 (2001)

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+r

σσσσ

Bieber et al.,

PRL84, 606 (2000)

Ermisch et al.,

PRL86, 5862 (2001)

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+r

σσσσ

Bieber et al.,

PRL84, 606 (2000)

Ermisch et al.,

PRL86, 5862 (2001)

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+r

σσσσ

Bieber et al.,

PRL84, 606 (2000)

Ermisch et al.,

PRL86, 5862 (2001)

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+r

σσσσ

Bieber et al.,

PRL84, 606 (2000)

Ermisch et al.,

PRL86, 5862 (2001)

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+r

Ermisch et al.,

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+r

Ermisch et al.,

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

dpdp +→+r

Ermisch et al.,

PRC71, 064004 (2005)

pd radiative capture anomaly

KVI and (preliminary) RCNP data are inconsistent!

Study of three-body systems at KVI

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