Summary of Infant Growth and Development

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SUMMARY OF GROWTH

AND DEVELOPMENTPEDIATRIC NURSING

PREPARED BY:MARLENE M. SANTOS R.N MAN c

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Month Motor Fine motordevelopment

Socializationand

language

Play

0-1 Largelyreflexive

Keeps handsfisted; able

to followobject tomidline

Enjoyswatching,

listeningtosoothingsoundswatchingface ofprimary

care

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2 

Holdshead upwhen

prone

Has socialsmile

Makescooingsounds;

differentiatescry

Enjoysbrightcolored

mobilesup

3 Hold

head andchestwhen onprone

Follows

objectpastmidline

Laughs out

aloud

Spends

timelooking athandsuses them

as toyduring themonth(hand

regard)

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4 Grasp,stepping, tonic

neck reflexesare fading

Needsspace to

turn

5 Turns front to

back, no longerhas head lagwhen pulledupright; bears

partial weighton feet whenheld upright

Handles

rattleswell

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6 Turns bothways; mororeflex

fading

Usespalmargrasp

May sayvowelsounds

(oh-oh)

Enjoysbathtubtoys;

rubberrings forteething

7 Reachesout inanticipationof being

picked up;first tooth(centralincisor)

erupts; sits

Transfersobjectshand tohand

Showsbeginningfear ofstrangers

Likesobjectsthat aregood

sizetransferring

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8 Sitssecurelywithout

support

Haspeakedfear of

stranger

Enjoysmanipulation,

rattlesand toysofdifferent

textures

9 Creeps

or crawls

Says first

word(da-da)

Needs

spaceforcreeping

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10 Pulls selftostanding

Usespincer topick upsmallobjectsgrasp

Playsgameslike pattycake andpeek aboo

11 Cruises(walkswith

support)

Cruises

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12 Standsalone;someinfantstake firststep

Holds cupand spoonwell; helpsto dress(pushesarm into

sleeve)

Says twowords plusma-maand da-da

Likes toysthat fitinside eachother (potsand pans);nursery

rhymes;will like pulltoys assoon as

walking

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Agemonths)

15

Finemotor

Putssmallpellets

intosmallbottles.Scribble

voluntarily with apencil orcrayon.holds a

Grossmotor

Walksalonewell; can

seat selfin chair;cancreep

upstairs

Language

4-6 words

Play

Can stack2 blocks;enjoys

beingread to;drops toysfor adultto recover(exploringsense of

permanence

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18 No longerrotates a

spoon tobring it tomouth

Can run and jump in

place. canwalk up anddown stairsholding onto

a person’shand ofrailing.Typically

places bothfeet on one

 jargoning;names stepbefore

7-20words;

uses jargoning;names 1body part

Imitateshousehold

chores,dustingetc;begins

parallelplay

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24 Can open doorsby turning

doorknobs,unscrew lids

Walksup stairs

alonestillusingboth feet

on samestep atsame

time

50 words;2 word

sentencessuch asdaddy go”

me come” 

Parallelplay

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30 Makessimpleline orstrokesforcrosses

with apencil

Can jumpdown fromchairs

Verballanguageincreasingsteadily.Knows fullname one

color andholds upfingers toshow age

Spendstimeplayinghouse;imitatingparent’s

actions ;play isroughhousing”

or active

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Age in months stage Task

Cognitive12-18 Sensorimotor5 Child

experiments bytrial and errormethods

18-24 Sensorimotor 6 Can pretend anduse deferredimitation; object

permanence iscomplete

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24 Preoperationalthought

Able to useassimilation or

change situation tofit thoughts

Psychosocial24-36

Autonomy vs.shame anddoubt

Learnindependence andthe beginning ofproblem solving

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2 years

• Walking, including walking backward andup and down stairs one step at a time

• Kicking and throwing a ball

• Stacking 5 or 6 blocks

• Following two step or three word phrases

• Listening to stories and looking at pictures

• Imitating adults

• Participating in parallel play

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3 years

• Balancing on one foot

• Dressing self

• Pedaling a riding toy

• Controlling daytime bladder and bowelelimination

• Engaging in magical thinking

• Beginning cooperative play

• Using three or four word sentences

• Giving own first name and age

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4 years

• Walking, climbing, jumping and running

• Riding a tricycle or bicycle with training wheels

• Building a tower of 10 blocks

• Drawing a person with 3 parts• Using short paragraphs with sentences of 4 or 5

words

• Distinguishing fantasy from reality

• Giving first and last name

• Singing a song

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5 years

• Walking, climbing and running with coordination

• Dressing a self independently

• Drawing a person with head,body,arm and legs

• Copying a triangle or square• Counting using fingers

• Speaking in short paragraphs, with recognitionof most alphabet letters

• Giving own address and phone number

• Following rules of interactive peer games

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SUMMARY OF PRESCHOOLGROWTH AND DEVELOPEMNT

AGE(YEARS)

FINEMOTOR

GROSSMOTOR

LANGUAGE

PLAY

3 Undressesself;stacks

tower ofblocks;draws across

Runs;alternatefeet onstairs;

ridestricycle;standson onefoot

Vocabularyof 900words

Able toturns, veryimaginative

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4 Can dosimple

buttons

Constantly inmotion;jumps;

skips

Vocabularyof 1,500

words

Pretendingis major

activity

5 Drawsa 6 part

man;canlace

shoes

Throwsoverhand

Vocabularyof 2, 100

words

Likes gameswith number

s of letters

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SEXUAL MATURITY IN

ADOLESCENT

AGE MALES FEMALES

13-

15

Growth spurt continuing;

pubic hair abundant andcurly; Testes,scrotum,and penis enlargingfurther;axillary hair

present; facial hair fineand downy; voicechanges happening withannoying frequency

Pubic hair thick

and curly,triangular indistribution, breastareola and papilla

form secondarymound;menstruation isovulatory,making

pregnancy possible

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15-16 Genitalia adult,pubic hair abundant

and curly, scrotumdark and heavilyrugated;facial andbody hair present

;sperm productionmature

Pubic hair curly andabundant (adult) may

extend onto medial aspectof thights;breast tissueadult and nipplesprotrude; areolas no

longer project as aseparate ridges frombreasts; may have somedegree of facial acne

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16-17 Pubic hair curly andabundant (adult) may

extend along medial aspectof thights;testes,scrotum,and penis adult in size;may have some degree of

facial acne; gynecomastia(enlarged )breasts tissue),if present fades

End ofskeletal

growth

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17-18 End of skeletal

growth