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8/2/2019 Summary of Infant Growth and Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/summary-of-infant-growth-and-development 1/28
SUMMARY OF GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENTPEDIATRIC NURSING
PREPARED BY:MARLENE M. SANTOS R.N MAN c
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Month Motor Fine motordevelopment
Socializationand
language
Play
0-1 Largelyreflexive
Keeps handsfisted; able
to followobject tomidline
Enjoyswatching,
listeningtosoothingsoundswatchingface ofprimary
care
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2
Holdshead upwhen
prone
Has socialsmile
Makescooingsounds;
differentiatescry
Enjoysbrightcolored
mobilesup
3 Hold
head andchestwhen onprone
Follows
objectpastmidline
Laughs out
aloud
Spends
timelooking athandsuses them
as toyduring themonth(hand
regard)
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4 Grasp,stepping, tonic
neck reflexesare fading
Needsspace to
turn
5 Turns front to
back, no longerhas head lagwhen pulledupright; bears
partial weighton feet whenheld upright
Handles
rattleswell
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6 Turns bothways; mororeflex
fading
Usespalmargrasp
May sayvowelsounds
(oh-oh)
Enjoysbathtubtoys;
rubberrings forteething
7 Reachesout inanticipationof being
picked up;first tooth(centralincisor)
erupts; sits
Transfersobjectshand tohand
Showsbeginningfear ofstrangers
Likesobjectsthat aregood
sizetransferring
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8 Sitssecurelywithout
support
Haspeakedfear of
stranger
Enjoysmanipulation,
rattlesand toysofdifferent
textures
9 Creeps
or crawls
Says first
word(da-da)
Needs
spaceforcreeping
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10 Pulls selftostanding
Usespincer topick upsmallobjectsgrasp
Playsgameslike pattycake andpeek aboo
11 Cruises(walkswith
support)
Cruises
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12 Standsalone;someinfantstake firststep
Holds cupand spoonwell; helpsto dress(pushesarm into
sleeve)
Says twowords plusma-maand da-da
Likes toysthat fitinside eachother (potsand pans);nursery
rhymes;will like pulltoys assoon as
walking
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Agemonths)
15
Finemotor
Putssmallpellets
intosmallbottles.Scribble
voluntarily with apencil orcrayon.holds a
Grossmotor
Walksalonewell; can
seat selfin chair;cancreep
upstairs
Language
4-6 words
Play
Can stack2 blocks;enjoys
beingread to;drops toysfor adultto recover(exploringsense of
permanence
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18 No longerrotates a
spoon tobring it tomouth
Can run and jump in
place. canwalk up anddown stairsholding onto
a person’shand ofrailing.Typically
places bothfeet on one
jargoning;names stepbefore
7-20words;
uses jargoning;names 1body part
Imitateshousehold
chores,dustingetc;begins
parallelplay
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24 Can open doorsby turning
doorknobs,unscrew lids
Walksup stairs
alonestillusingboth feet
on samestep atsame
time
50 words;2 word
sentencessuch asdaddy go”
me come”
Parallelplay
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30 Makessimpleline orstrokesforcrosses
with apencil
Can jumpdown fromchairs
Verballanguageincreasingsteadily.Knows fullname one
color andholds upfingers toshow age
Spendstimeplayinghouse;imitatingparent’s
actions ;play isroughhousing”
or active
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Age in months stage Task
Cognitive12-18 Sensorimotor5 Child
experiments bytrial and errormethods
18-24 Sensorimotor 6 Can pretend anduse deferredimitation; object
permanence iscomplete
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24 Preoperationalthought
Able to useassimilation or
change situation tofit thoughts
Psychosocial24-36
Autonomy vs.shame anddoubt
Learnindependence andthe beginning ofproblem solving
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2 years
• Walking, including walking backward andup and down stairs one step at a time
• Kicking and throwing a ball
• Stacking 5 or 6 blocks
• Following two step or three word phrases
• Listening to stories and looking at pictures
• Imitating adults
• Participating in parallel play
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3 years
• Balancing on one foot
• Dressing self
• Pedaling a riding toy
• Controlling daytime bladder and bowelelimination
• Engaging in magical thinking
• Beginning cooperative play
• Using three or four word sentences
• Giving own first name and age
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4 years
• Walking, climbing, jumping and running
• Riding a tricycle or bicycle with training wheels
• Building a tower of 10 blocks
• Drawing a person with 3 parts• Using short paragraphs with sentences of 4 or 5
words
• Distinguishing fantasy from reality
• Giving first and last name
• Singing a song
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5 years
• Walking, climbing and running with coordination
• Dressing a self independently
• Drawing a person with head,body,arm and legs
• Copying a triangle or square• Counting using fingers
• Speaking in short paragraphs, with recognitionof most alphabet letters
• Giving own address and phone number
• Following rules of interactive peer games
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SUMMARY OF PRESCHOOLGROWTH AND DEVELOPEMNT
AGE(YEARS)
FINEMOTOR
GROSSMOTOR
LANGUAGE
PLAY
3 Undressesself;stacks
tower ofblocks;draws across
Runs;alternatefeet onstairs;
ridestricycle;standson onefoot
Vocabularyof 900words
Able toturns, veryimaginative
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4 Can dosimple
buttons
Constantly inmotion;jumps;
skips
Vocabularyof 1,500
words
Pretendingis major
activity
5 Drawsa 6 part
man;canlace
shoes
Throwsoverhand
Vocabularyof 2, 100
words
Likes gameswith number
s of letters
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SEXUAL MATURITY IN
ADOLESCENT
AGE MALES FEMALES
13-
15
Growth spurt continuing;
pubic hair abundant andcurly; Testes,scrotum,and penis enlargingfurther;axillary hair
present; facial hair fineand downy; voicechanges happening withannoying frequency
Pubic hair thick
and curly,triangular indistribution, breastareola and papilla
form secondarymound;menstruation isovulatory,making
pregnancy possible
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15-16 Genitalia adult,pubic hair abundant
and curly, scrotumdark and heavilyrugated;facial andbody hair present
;sperm productionmature
Pubic hair curly andabundant (adult) may
extend onto medial aspectof thights;breast tissueadult and nipplesprotrude; areolas no
longer project as aseparate ridges frombreasts; may have somedegree of facial acne
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16-17 Pubic hair curly andabundant (adult) may
extend along medial aspectof thights;testes,scrotum,and penis adult in size;may have some degree of
facial acne; gynecomastia(enlarged )breasts tissue),if present fades
End ofskeletal
growth
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17-18 End of skeletal
growth