T & D PPT

UNIT - III

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

CONTENTS:

1. Lecture method2. Conference leadership method3. Case method4. Role play5. Games & simulations

1.LECTURE METHOD:

A lecture is an oral presentation

intended to present information or

teach people about a particular subject.

TYPES OF LECTURE

A. Traditional oral essay

The teacher is an orator and the only speaker.

B. Participatory Lecture

begins with learners brainstorming ideas on

the lecture topic on what they have read in

preparation.

CONT..

C.Feedback Lecture

Consists with mini lectures with 10-minute small

group discussion

opportunity to manipulate the lecture content

D. Mediated Lecture

Use of media such as films, slides, Web-based

images along with traditional lecture.

ADVANTAGE OF LECTURE METHOD

Lectures can be an efficient means of

introducing learners a new topic.

It can be used to stimulate trainees’ interest in

a subject.

It can also be used to inspire people.

It is economical in terms of student time.

CONT..

The teacher serves as a role

model for the students

Lectures bring enjoyment to the learners.

It helps students develop their listening skills.

A great deal of information can be

communicated in a one hour lecture.

DISADVANTAGES OF THE LECTURE METHOD

Lecturing is not conducive to meeting students’

individual needs.

Lecturing brings with it the problem of limited

attention span on the part of the learners.

Based on incorrect assumptions about how people

learn

Does not actively involve trainees in training

process.

2.CONFERENCE METHOD

The conference training method is a good

problem-solving approach. A group considers

a specific problem or issue and they work to

reach agreement on statements or solutions.

TYPES OF CONFERENCE

Direct discussion

Here trainer guides the discussion in such a way that the

facts, principles or concepts are explained.

Training Conference:

The group pool its knowledge and past experience and

brings different points of view to bear on the problem.

Seminar Conference:

In this method instructor defines the problem, encourages

and ensures the full participation in the discussion.

ADVANTAGES

Continuous process of updating with the

latest methods, principles and

technologies.

Gives participants a chance to interact

with others.

Aims at improving co-operation and

communication of the group.

DISADVANTAGES

Closed room training.

No real hands on experience.

Used for the top management only.

3.CASE METHOD

Case Studies try to simulate decision making situation that

trainees may find at their work place. It reflects the situations

and complex problems faced by managers, staff, HR, CEO, etc.

The objective of the case study method is to get trainees to apply

known concepts and ideologies and ascertain new ones. The case

study method emphasize on approach to see a particular problem

rather than a solution. Their solutions are not as important as the

understanding of advantages and disadvantages.

CASE METHOD FOCUSES ON..

Case Study method focuses on:

Building decision making skills

Assessing and developing Knowledge, Skills and

Attitudes (KSAs)

Developing communication and interpersonal skills

Developing management skills

Developing procedural and strategic knowledge

PROS & CONS OF CASE METHOD:

Pros:

Develops analytic and problem solving skills.

Allows for exploration of solutions for complex

issues.

Allows student to apply new knowledge and

skills.

CONT..

Cons:

May not see relevance to own situation.

Insufficient information can lead to inappropriate

results.

Not appropriate for elementary level.

With a researcher observing the specimen closely,

the specimen is likely to change their behaviour.

4.ROLEPLAYS

Role play is a simulation in which each

participant is given a role to play. Trainees

are given with some information related to

description of the role, concerns, objectives,

responsibilities, motions, etc.

ROLE PLAY HELPS IN

Developing interpersonal skills

communication skills

Conflict Resolution

Group decision making

Developing insight into one sown behaviour its

impact on others

TYPES OF ROLE PLAYING GAMES

Single Role Play

One group of participants plays the role for the rest.

Providing demonstrations of situation other participants

observe the role play. Analyze their interactions with

one another and learn from the play

Example:

Choose your own adventure books

NPC Based video games

Multiple Role Play

All trainees are in groups, with each group

acting out the role play simultaneously. After

the role play each group analyze the

interaction and identifies the learning points.

5.GAMES AND SIMULATIONS

Games and Simulations are structured and

sometimes unstructured, that are usually played

for enjoyment sometimes are used for training

purposes as an educational tool. Training games

and simulations are different from work as they

are designed to reproduce or simulate events,

circumstances, processes that take place in

trainees’ job.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF GAMING:

ROLES

The roles define the actors and decision makers in gaming simulation.

SCENARIO

It is the basic description of the system or situation which is the subject of the

gaming.

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

It is a set of procedures, which are developed for monitoring and recording the status

of the system being explored in the gaming simulation. 

GAMING SIMULATION TYPES:

1.  GENERAL SYSTEM GAMES

2. GROUP INTERACTION GAMES

3. RESOURCE ALLOCATION GAMES

4. INFLUENCE AND POSER ALLOCATION GAMES

5. NON-SIMULATION GAMES

6. COMMUNICATING GAMES

7. PURE SIMULATION

WHY USE A GAMING SIMULATION???

Risk free environment

Less expensive and time reduction

Motivating learners, immediate feedback.

Provides a systematic method of exploring is used

through visualizing cause.

Perception of roles, problems and systems often seem

to be broadened as a result of gaming experiences.