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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Rev – R0
Table of Contents Executive Summary
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.1 Project Description .................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.2 Objectives of the Assignment ................................................................................................................... 11
1.2.3 Scope of EIA ............................................................................................................................................ 12
1.3 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA .............................................................................................................................. 12
1.3.1 Review of Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ......................................................................... 13
1.3.2 Assessment of Baseline Environmental Status ......................................................................................... 13
1.3.3 Assessment of Alternatives ....................................................................................................................... 13
1.3.4 Assessment of Potential Impacts .............................................................................................................. 13
1.3.5 Integration of Environmental Assessments in the Design Process .......................................................... 13
1.3.6 Conduct of Community Consultations ..................................................................................................... 13
1.3.7 Identified Mitigation & Environmental Enhancement Measures ............................................................ 13
1.3.8 Preparation of the Preliminary Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ............................................. 13
1.4 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................................................ 14
1.5 STRUCTURE OF REPORT ........................................................................................................................ 14
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 15
2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 15
2.2 PROJECT CORRIDOR CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................ 15
2.2.1 Existing Right-of-Way (RoW) .................................................................................................................. 15
2.2.2 Traffic Scenario ....................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.3 Land Use and Road side Environments ................................................................................................... 17
2.2.4 Major Settlements Enroute ...................................................................................................................... 19
2.3 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................... 21
2.4 IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS ........................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.1 Widening Scheme ..................................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.2 Proposed Bypasses .................................................................................................................................. 25
2.4.3 Proposed RoW Width ............................................................................................................................... 26
2.4.4 Proposed Median Width .......................................................................................................................... 26
2.4.5 Proposed Road Features ......................................................................................................................... 26
TOLL PLAZA ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
2.5 INTERSECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 28
2.6 ROAD DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................................................... 30
2.6.1 Covered Drain below Footpath in Urban Areas...................................................................................... 30
2.6.2 Road-side Drain ....................................................................................................................................... 30
2.6.3 Chute Drains ............................................................................................................................................ 30
2.6.4 Additional Culvert for Field Channel ...................................................................................................... 30
2.6.5 Additional Culvert at Cross Road ............................................................................................................ 30
2.7 SOURCE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ......................................................................................... 31
2.7.1 Quarries for Sand .................................................................................................................................... 31
2.7.2 Source for Water ...................................................................................................................................... 31
2.8 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................................................. 32
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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
2.9 HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ..................................................................................... 32
2.10 ROAD SAFETY MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 32
2.10.1 Carriageway Markings ........................................................................................................................ 32
2.10.2 Traffic Signs ........................................................................................................................................ 33
2.10.3 Safety Barriers ..................................................................................................................................... 33
2.11 LAND REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................................. 33
3. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................ 35
3.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................................... 35
Legislation and Regulations: Environmental legislation, regulations and policy guidelines that may apply to this
project and government agencies that administer them are summarized in Table 2.1. ........................................ 35
3.2 THE LEGAL SETTING ............................................................................................................................... 35
3.3 CLEARANCE PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................... 39
3.3.1 The EIA Notification ................................................................................................................................ 39
3.3.2 Categorisation and Clearance Requirement for the Present Project ...................................................... 40
4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ..................................................................................................... 41
4.1 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................................... 41
4.2 STUDY REGION DELINEATION........................................................................................................................ 41
4.3 COLLECTION & COLLATION OF DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FEATURES .................................... 42
4.3.1 Primary Data Collection ......................................................................................................................... 42
4.3.2 Secondary Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 42
4.4 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 42
4.4.1 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................................................ 43
4.4.2 Physiography and Terrain ....................................................................................................................... 44
Soil ........................................................................................................................................................................ 45
Land Use ............................................................................................................................................................... 46
Noise Quality ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
Ecology ................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Institutional Facility.............................................................................................................................................. 58
Coastal Regulation Zone ....................................................................................................................................... 60
4.5 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................... 60
4.5.1 Social Environment .................................................................................................................................. 60
4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ........................................................................................................................... 61
4.6.1 Population Distribution ........................................................................................................................... 61
4.6.2 Population Density .................................................................................................................................. 61
4.6.3 Sex Ratio .................................................................................................................................................. 62
4.6.4 Vulnerable Population ............................................................................................................................. 62
4.6.5 Literacy Rate ............................................................................................................................................ 62
4.6.6 Workforce Participation .......................................................................................................................... 63
4.6.7 Right of Way ............................................................................................................................................ 63
4.6.8 Cultural Environment .............................................................................................................................. 64
5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................... 65
5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 65
5.2 WITH OR WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO.......................................................................................................... 66
5.3 ALIGNMENT SELECTION ................................................................................................................................ 66
5.4 ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS FOR BYPASSES ..................................................................................................... 67
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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
5.4.1 Bypasses Proposed by R&B ..................................................................................................................... 67
5.4.2 Bypasses Proposed by STUP ................................................................................................................... 72
6. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................... 83
7. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ......................................................................................................................... 97
7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 97
7.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 97
7.2.1 Borrow Pits for Construction of Embankment and Sub-grade ................................................................ 98
7.2.2 Quarries for Aggregates .......................................................................................................................... 98
7.2.3 Quarries for Sand .................................................................................................................................... 99
7.2.4 Water Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 99
7.2.5 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................. 100
7.2.6 Noise Levels ........................................................................................................................................... 101
Roadside Trees .................................................................................................................................................... 102
7.2.7 Fauna ..................................................................................................................................................... 102
7.3 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................... 102
7.3.1 Impact on Educational Institutes and Hospitals .................................................................................... 102
7.3.2 Impact on Cultural Environment ........................................................................................................... 103
8. MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 106
8.1 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................ 106
8.1.1 Land Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 106
8.1.2 Soil Resources ........................................................................................................................................ 106
8.1.3 Water Resources .................................................................................................................................... 110
8.1.4 Air Pollution Control Measures ............................................................................................................. 113
8.1.5 Noise Control Measures ........................................................................................................................ 114
8.1.6 Safety Measures during ......................................................................................................................... 117
8.1.7 Construction: ......................................................................................................................................... 117
8.1.8 Bus Stop ................................................................................................................................................. 120
8.1.9 Avoidance / Enhancement Measures for Cultural Properties ............................................................... 121
8.1.10 Highway Landscaping ....................................................................................................................... 121
9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................... 123
9.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE ......................................................................................................................... 123
9.1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU ......................................................................................................... 123
9.1.2 Pre-construction activities by BOT Concessionaire/Independent Engineer .......................................... 123
9.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE ................................................................................................................................ 123
9.2.1 Construction Stage activities by BOT Concessionaire .......................................................................... 123
9.2.2 Construction Stage Activities by PIU..................................................................................................... 124
9.3 OPERATION STAGE ..................................................................................................................................... 124
9.4 OTHER ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................................... 124
10. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN .................................................................................................... 141
10.1 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ............................................................................................................. 141
10.2 PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................. 142
REPORTING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................ 146
10.3 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 147
10.4 TRAINING ................................................................................................................................................ 147
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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
11. ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET ................................................................................................................... 148
11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 148
5
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Existing RoW ........................................................................................................................ 16
Table 2.2: Homogenous sections on project corridor ............................................................................ 16
Table 2.3: Projected Traffic .................................................................................................................... 16
Table 2.4: Summary of landuse ............................................................................................................. 17
Table 2.5: Urban Areas along the Project Corridor ............................................................................... 19
Table 2.6: Length of Widening Options Considered ............................................................................. 21
Table 2.7: Summary of Cross Drainage Structures ............................................................................... 26
Table 2.8: List of Bus stop along the Project Corridor ........................................................................... 27
Table 2.9: Tollplaza Locations ............................................................................................................... 28
Table 2.10: Proposed intersection Improvements ................................................................................. 28
Table 2.11: Details of Major Intersections ............................................................................................. 29
Table 2.12: Details of Intersections of Minor Intersection ..................................................................... 30
Table 2.13: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates ............................................................................... 31
Table 2.14: Details of Sand Quarry ....................................................................................................... 31
Table 2.15: Location details of Water Sample ....................................................................................... 32
Table 2.16: Land Requirement .............................................................................................................. 34
Table 3.1: Summary of Relevant Legal Requirements considered for this Project and Institution
responsible .......................................................................................................................... 36
Table 3.2: Statutory Clearance Requirements ...................................................................................... 40
Table 4.1: Temperature of the Project Region ...................................................................................... 43
Table 4.2: Monthly Average Humidity of the Project Region (in %) ...................................................... 44
Table 4.3: Rainfall in the Project Districts (in mm)] ............................................................................... 44
Table 4.4: Mean Wind Speed (Kmph) ................................................................................................... 44
Table 4.5: Landuse in the Project RoW ................................................................................................. 46
Table 4.6: Ambient Air Quality Results .................................................................................................. 47
Table 4.7: Noise Quality Results ........................................................................................................... 49
Table 4.8: River Crossing the Project stretch ........................................................................................ 51
6
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
Table 4.9: Ponds along the alignment ................................................................................................... 53
Table 4.10: Depth to ground water level along the corridor .................................................................. 54
Table 4.11: Water Quality Results ......................................................................................................... 55
Table 4.12: Road Side Tree Species ..................................................................................................... 58
Table 4.13: Educational Institutes along the project road ..................................................................... 58
Table 4.14: Number of Settlements along the Project Corridor ............................................................ 60
Table 4.15: Population Distribution in talukas along the Project Corridor, 2011 ................................... 61
Table 4.16: Population Distribution and Density along Project Corridor, 2011 ..................................... 61
Table 4.17: Sex Ratio along Project Corridor, 2011 .............................................................................. 62
Table 4.18: Share of Vulnerable Groups along Project Corridor, 2001 ................................................ 62
Table 4.19: Literacy Rate along Project Corridor, 2011 ........................................................................ 63
Table 4.20: Type of Workers within the Project Influence Area, 2001 .................................................. 63
Table 4.21: Landuse along the Project Corridor .................................................................................... 63
Table 4.22: Protected and Conserved Monuments Located in the Project Districts ............................. 64
Table 7.1: Probable Soil Borrow Pits ..................................................................................................... 98
Table 7.2: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates ................................................................................. 98
Table 7.3: Details of Sand Quarry ......................................................................................................... 99
Table 7.4: Water Contaminants, sources & receptors .........................................................................100
Table 7.5: Roadside Schools along project corridor ............................................................................102
Table 7.6: Roadside Religious Properties along project corridor ........................................................103
Table 8.1: Measures to minimize air pollution during the progress of work ........................................113
Table 8.2: Locations proposed for Vegetative Barriers .......................................................................115
Table 8.3: Locations of Underpasses ..................................................................................................117
Table 9.1: Environmental Management Measures ..............................................................................125
Table 10.1: Performance Indicators for the Project .............................................................................141
Table 10.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan .........................................................................................144
Table 10.3: Summary Details of Reporting Formats ...........................................................................146
Table 11.1: Environmental Costs .........................................................................................................148
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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Project Corridor.................................................................................................................... 10
Fig – 2.2: Typical cross section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road ......................................... 22
Fig – 2.3: Typical Cross Section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road ........................................ 22
Fig – 2.4: cross section of 4-lane with service road .............................................................................. 23
Fig – 2.5: Typical cross section of 4-lane Flyover/Underpass with slip road ........................................ 23
Fig – 2.6: Typical cross section of 6-Lane with service road ................................................................. 24
Fig – 2.7: Typical cross section of 6-Lane Flyover / Underpass with Slip Road ................................... 24
Fig 5.1: Adhewada Bypass .................................................................................................................... 68
Fig 5.2: Budhel Bypass Option .............................................................................................................. 68
Fig 5.3: kobadi Bypass ........................................................................................................................... 69
Fig 5.4: Bhandaria Bypass Option ......................................................................................................... 70
Fig 5.5: Tansa Bypass Option ............................................................................................................... 70
Fig 5.6: Trapej Bypass Option ............................................................................................................... 71
Fig 5.7: Una Bypass Option ................................................................................................................... 72
Fig 5.8: Talaja Bypass Options .............................................................................................................. 73
Fig 5.9: Bhadrad Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 74
Fig 5.10: Datardi Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 75
Fig 5.11: Hemal Bypass Options ........................................................................................................... 76
Fig 5.12: Samter Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 77
Fig 5.13 Dholasa Bypass Option ........................................................................................................... 77
Fig 5.14: Chorwad Bypass Option ......................................................................................................... 78
Fig 5.15: Prachi Bypass Options ........................................................................................................... 79
Fig 5.16: Kukasawada bypass Option ................................................................................................... 80
Fig 5.17: Madhavpur Bypass Options.................................................................................................... 81
Fig 5.18: Porbandhar Bypass Options ................................................................................................... 82
Figure 8.1 Stone Pitching .....................................................................................................................108
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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
Figure 8.2 Oil Interceptor .....................................................................................................................109
Figure 8.28.3: Channelised Embankment: Chute Drain ......................................................................110
Figure 8.4: Cross-section of Silt Fencing .............................................................................................112
Figure 8.5: Layout Plan of Silt Fencing ................................................................................................112
9
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the objectives and scope of Environmental and Social study.
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), Government of India, has decided to take up
the development of various National Highway Corridors for augmentation of capacity and for safe
and efficient movement of traffic by widening to four/six lanes. Accordingly NHAI has proposed to
implement the development projects for few selected sections/corridors through Public – Private
Partnership (PPP) under Design, Build, Finance, Operate & Transfer (DBFOT) Pattern.
The alignment starts at Bhavnagar (km 03.200) and extends up to Dwarka (km 473.000) for a
length of approximately 470 km in the State of Gujarat. In discussions with NHAI officials, the
project has been extended from Dwarka to Okha for a length of approximately 30 kms that is
presently SH-25. The present study corridor is the existing National Highway – 8E passing
through five districts of the state of Gujarat namely, Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh, Porbandar
and Jamnagar. The project road is approximately 500 km long. It starts at Bhavnagar, runs
almost parallel to the southern coast of Gujarat and ends at Okha. Initially, the highway was up
to Veraval and continued northwards as NH8E from here. Later on, a link was made to Chorwad
from NH8E and this link continues as NH8E up to Dwaraka. From Dwarka to Okha, the existing
highway is SH-25.
The project road passes through many towns like Trapej, Pipavav, Una, Somnath, Veraval,
Madhavpur and Porbander, Dwarka before it ends at Okha. It also passes through many villages
enroute. The project corridor has been indicated in fig 1.1.
1.2 THE PROJECT
1.2.1 Project Description
The corridors selected for the project are indicated below
1. Bhavnagar (km 3.200) to Dwarka (km 473.000) section of NH – 8E.
2. Dwarka (km 231.000) to Okha (km 261.100) section of SH – 25.
The present report on EIA deals with the environment analysis of Bhavnagar to Okha section of
NH-8E and SH-25.
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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
Figure 1.1: Project Corridor
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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
1.2.2 Objectives of the Assignment
The main objective would be to alleviate the current unsafe conditions of the road network
connecting the villages and towns by providing better quality and safe roads to the users in a
sustainable and Environment friendly manner.
Enhanced safety of the traffic, the road users and the people living close to the highway
Enhanced operational efficiency of the highway
Fulfilment of the access needs of the local population
Minimal adverse impact on the road users and the local population due to construction
Feasible and constructible options for the project with least cost option.
Government of India (GOI) through Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) enforces
Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 towards Environment Protection of new projects/
expansion/ modernization and existing projects based on their Environmental Impacts.
The present report is prepared in accordance with MoEF/ MoRTH Guidelines on EA and to meet
the statutory requirement of MoEF, GSPCB, state forestry department, etc.
The objectives of this study are stated below:
To present to decision makers a clear assessment of potential impact associated with the
proposed project intervention,
To apply a methodology which assesses and predict potential impacts and provides a)
the means for impact prevention and mitigation, b) the enhancement of project benfits,
and c) the minimization of long-term impacts;
To provide a specific forum in which consultation is systematically undertake in a manner
that allows stakeholders to have direct input to the environmental management process.
To assess the analysis of alternatives to bring environmental considerations into the
upstream stages of development planning as well as the later stage of site selection,
design and implementation, and
To recommend the environment al management measure to reduce adverse impacts.
IN order to achieve these objectives, details surveys and other studies have been carried out
along the project roads to identify Valued Ecosystem components (VEC) and corridor specific
significant environmental issues (SEI). For investigation/monitoring purpose the study are has
been defined as under
Corridor of Impact, CoI: is the 20 m wide strip on either side, beyond Right of Way, RoW.
12
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
Project Influence Area, PLA: is the 10 km area on either side along the alignment.
Project District, PD is/are the district/districts through which project road is passing.
1.2.3 Scope of EIA
The key environmental issues with regards to physical and Biological Environment highlighted
during screening includes
Tree felling in forest and non-forest stretches: Since roadside trees have to be felled for road
widening, adequate compensatory plantation have to be carried out to mitigate the impacts.
Generation of Solid waste: Efforts have to be made to strike a balance between cutting and
filling. The remaining solid waste will be disposed off to designated dumping site after permission
from local statutory authority.
With regards to the social and cultural environment the following issues are of major concern in
the proposed project:
Removal of Encroachments & Squatters: In stretches of dense developments along the
roadside, removal of encroachments and squatters assume a critical issue. In addition to local
resistance to shifting, identification of ways and means to rehabilitate the vulnerable communities
becomes significant. Though preliminary consultations reveal acceptance of the proposed project
a continuous interaction with the affected communities in the later stages of the project is of
immense importance.
Land Acquisition: Along with the issue of structure removal, acquisition of land too is a critical
issue in India primarily in case of high value residential, commercial and agricultural lands. In the
subsequent stages of the project further attempts shall be made to minimize land acquisition
primarily in stretches of high land values.
Impact on utilities: Impact on utilities cause disruption to the local public during the construction
stage. Widening of the corridor shall also affect permanent utilities like taps, tube wells, wells,
etc. It needs to be ensured that replacement of such utilities is in place before the existing ones
are closed.
Impact on Religious properties: These are sensitive properties and relocation of some may
generate local resistance. Consultations in such properties shall be initiated after horizontal
designs are firmed up so that the extent of impact and likely mitigation measures can be
discussed with the stakeholders.
1.3 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA
The methodology followed for the Environmental Impact Assessment consists of the following
steps.
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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
1.3.1 Review of Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
This step discussed the policy, legal framework within which the Environmental Assessment (EA)
is prepared and also reviewed the existing institutions and legislations relevant to the project
corridor, at the, national level and at the state level.
1.3.2 Assessment of Baseline Environmental Status
Baseline conditions within the defined area were determined as per MoEF / WB requirements for
EA of highway projects. The database for working out the baseline status was from both
secondary and primary sources.
1.3.3 Assessment of Alternatives
Assessment of various environmental issues due to various cross sections alternatives has been
carried out.
1.3.4 Assessment of Potential Impacts
Based on the baseline conditions, the significant impacts needing mitigation have been identified.
The direct and indirect impacts likely to be induced due to the project have been adequately
identified and addressed.
1.3.5 Integration of Environmental Assessments in the Design Process
The design and decision-making process integrated with environmental, resettlement and
rehabilitation issues have been carried out. This has prompted the early identification of
appropriate actions. Such actions included, for example, shifts in alignments based on
awareness of the locations of cultural resources, and biological resources.
1.3.6 Conduct of Community Consultations
Public participation and community consultation has been taken up involving public
understanding of the processes and mechanisms through which developmental problems and
needs are investigated and solved.
1.3.7 Identified Mitigation & Environmental Enhancement Measures
Positive actions to not only avoid adverse impacts, but also to capitalize on opportunities to
correct environmental degradation or improve environmental conditions have been determined.
1.3.8 Preparation of the Preliminary Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared to specify the steps necessary to
ensure that the mitigation measures have been suggested. It includes the monitoring plan and
gives details of the resources budgeted and the implementation arrangements.
14
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
1.4 PROJECT BENEFITS
The widening/ upgradation of the project highway have direct benefits and are indicated below:
a. Improved quality of living in the project area
b. Economic benefits to the local population
c. Provide Employment
d. Easy accesses to Agricultural Marketing
e. School, Health facilities
f. Enhance Environmental measures for aesthetic impacts
1.5 STRUCTURE OF REPORT
The report has been organized under the following heading, which contains the details as
described below.
Chapter 2 – Project Description: The existing features present along the project corridor have
been discussed in this chapter
Chapter 3 – Legal and Institutional Framework: The Legal requirements applicable to the
project have been discussed in this chapter along with the Institutions enforcing them.
Chapter 4 – Environmental and Social Baseline: The physical, biological, social and cultural
environments have been assessed to establish a comprehensive picture of the existing
environmental / socio-economic scenario along the project corridor and its area of influence.
Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives: Alternative widening and alignment options adopted to
minimize impacts on the environmental, social and cultural assets have been discussed in this
chapter.
Chapter 6 – Community Consultation Public consultation carried out during the project
preparation stage and people’s perceptions of the project benefits and the potential impacts.
Chapter 7 – Potential Impacts: Likely impacts on environmental, social and cultural features
along the roadside have been analyzed.
Chapter 8 – Mitigation Measures presents an elaborate listing of the nature of impacts on each
of the environmental components and the avoidance and mitigation measures.
Chapter 9 – Environment Management Plan presents an elaborate description of the various
management measures to be taken during various stages of the project.
Chapter 10 – Environment Monitoring Plan presents a monitoring plan for all performance
indicators, reporting formats and necessary budgetary provisions.
Chapter 11 – Environmental Budget presents the environmental budget for the various
environmental management measures proposed in the EMP.
15
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Rev – R0
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This chapter describes the project background and also discusses the methodology adopted and
structure of the present report.
2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), Government of India, has decided to take up
the development of various National Highway Corridors for augmentation of capacity and for safe
and efficient movement of traffic by widening to four/six lanes. Accordingly NHAI has proposed to
implement the development projects for few selected sections/corridors through Public – Private
Partnership (PPP) under Design, Build, Finance, Operate & Transfer (DBFOT) Pattern.
The alignment starts at Bhavnagar (km 03.200) and extends up to Dwarka (km 473.000) for a
length of approximately 470 km in the State of Gujarat. In discussions with NHAI officials, the
project has been extended from Dwarka to Okha for a length of approximately 30 kms that is
presently SH-25. The present study corridor is the existing National Highway – 8E passing
through five districts of the state of Gujarat namely, Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh, Porbandar
and Jamnagar. The project road is approximately 500 km long. It starts at Bhavnagar, runs
almost parallel to the southern coast of Gujarat and ends at Okha. Initially, the highway was up
to Veraval and continued northwards as NH8E from here. Later on, a link was made to Chorwad
from NH8E and this link continues as NH8E up to Dwaraka. From Dwarka to Okha, the existing
highway is SH-25.
The project road passes through many towns like Trapej, Pipavav, Una, Somnath, Veraval,
Madhavpur and Porbander, Dwarka before it ends at Okha. It also passes through many villages
enroute. The project corridor has been indicated in fig 1.1.
2.2 PROJECT CORRIDOR CHARACTERISTICS
2.2.1 Existing Right-of-Way (RoW)
The project corridor, in general, under present consideration falls under NH divisions of R&B
Department of Govt. of Gujarat namely Rajkot Divisions.
The existing RoW available in the project stretch is indicated below in table 2.1.
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Table 2.1: Existing RoW
From (Km) To (Km) Width (m) Left (m) Right (m)
3.200 48.000 33.5 3.5 30.0
48.000 408.000 30.0 15.0 15.0
408.000 473.000 46.0 23.0 23.0
231.000 261.000 30.0 15.0 15.0
In the seven bypasses proposed by R&B, 45m RoW is available.
2.2.2 Traffic Scenario
Passenger traffic dominates project corridor, however, the review of the data provides the
impression of having considerable percentage of commercial traffic movement. The
volume/capacity ratio based on available traffic data come out to be greater than one, and calls
for attention towards capacity augmentation. The average speed on project corridor is about 45
kmph, which is moderate.
Looking at the corridor specific and regional characteristics along the project corridor, the project
corridor can be divided into three homogenous sections as given in the Table 2.2 below.
Table 2.2: Homogenous sections on project corridor
Section Homogenous Sections Length of Section (km)
1 Bhavnagar (Km 3.200) to Mahuva (Km 89.000) 85.800
2 Mahuva (Km 89.000) to Kodinar (Km 226.700) 137.700
3 Kodinar (Km 226.700) to Veraval (Km 263.000) 36.300
4 Veraval (Km 263.000) to Urang (Km 443.000) 180.000
5 Urang (Km 443.000) to Dwarka (Km 473.000) Dwarka (Km 231.000) to Okha (Km 261.100)
61.100
Projected Traffic
Table 2.3: Projected Traffic (PCU)
Homogeneous Sections 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2036
Bhavnagar (Km 3.200) to Mahuva (Km 89.000)
32000 38896 49643 63358 80862 108362
Mahuva (Km 89.000) to Kodinar (Km 226.700)
20000 24310 31027 39599 50539 67729
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Homogeneous Sections 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2036
Kodinar (Km 226.700) to Veraval (Km 263.000)
31000 37681 48091 61378 78335 104979
Veraval (Km 263.000) to Urang (Km 443.000)
9000 10940 13962 17819 22743 30477
Urang (Km 443.000) to Dwarka (Km 473.000)
Dwarka (Km 231.000) to Okha (Km 261.100)
20000 24310 31027 39599 50539 71115
2.2.3 Land Use and Road side Environments
The project roads start from km 3.200 at Bhavnagar to Dwarka at km 473.000 and from Dwarka
at km 231.000 and traverses till Okha at km 261.100. The land use plan has been indicated in
table 2.1. The following table indicates the distribution of length of project road and percentage
length in terms of landuse and roadside environments. The existing landuse with the project
influence area is indicated in table 2.4.
Table 2.4: Summary of landuse
S. No. Land Use % of Total Length
1 Agriculture 51
2 Commercial 9.6
3 Residential 7.4
4 Barren 32
Total 100
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Fig
2.1
: L
an
du
se P
lan
of
the P
roje
ct
co
rrid
or
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2.2.4 Major Settlements Enroute
Agriculture is the predominant land use along the corridor. Several educational institutions,
cement concrete blocks/bricks manufacturing units have also been observed along the corridor.
The project corridor has already bypassed towns of Mahuva, Kodinar, and Veraval. Apart from
these, there are many settlements and ribbon developments on the corridor. Generally
commercial and residential land use is seen in most of them. Details of urban areas and
settlements are given in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5: Urban Areas along the Project Corridor
Sr.No Km From Km to Length City/Town/Villege
1 3.200 4.000 0.800 Bhavnagar
2 4.000 6.000 2.000 Adhewada
3 9.400 10.500 1.100 Budhel
4 15.400 16.300 0.900 Kobadi
5 21.100 22.500 1.400 Bhandaria
6 29.300 30.500 1.200 Tansa
7 33.200 33.600 0.400 Rajpara
8 39.750 40.400 0.650 Trapaj
9 51.000 52.400 1.400 Talaja
10 54.100 54.300 0.200 Sobhavad
11 61.400 62.100 0.700 Pasvi
12 67.400 68.200 0.800 Borda
13 70.300 70.800 0.500 Jagdhar
14 74.300 75.100 0.800 Longadi
15 86.400 87.400 1.000 Bhadrod
16 90.000 99.300 9.300 Mahua/Mahua Bypass
17 101.700 102.000 0.300 Devadia
18 107.300 108.000 0.700 Madhiya
19 109.600 110.000 0.400 Vangar
20 114.200 114.600 0.400 Datardi
21 122.000 122.100 0.100 Pipavav Port Junction
22 132.900 133.100 0.200 Chatadiya
23 134.000 134.500 0.500 Dungar parada
24 149.000 149.500 0.500 Nagasari
25 157.700 159.000 1.300 Hemal
26 161.200 161.800 0.600 Chalana
27 170.300 170.700 0.400 Goingada
28 174.800 175.200 0.400 Samter
29 180.000 186.200 6.200 Una
30 192.000 193.000 1.000 Nadholi
31 195.900 196.400 0.500 Kesariya
32 201.300 202.200 0.900 Simasi
33 205.200 207.200 2.000 Dholasa
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Sr.No Km From Km to Length City/Town/Villege
34 211.700 211.800 0.100 Malgam
35 222.250 226.600 4.350 Kodinar/Kodinar Bypass
36 230.900 231.200 0.300 Bittawada
37 232.000 232.400 0.400 Mordiya
38 237.000 237.600 0.600 Parasli
39 240.500 242.500 2.000 Prachi
40 248.800 250.000 1.200 Gorakhmandhi
41 256.900 257.400 0.500 Athoda
42 258.300 258.700 0.400 Sutrapada phatak
43 261.000 261.400 0.400 Kajali
44 262.800 262.900 0.100 Gadu
45 269.200 271.100 1.900 Chorwad
46 274.000 274.800 0.800 Kukasawada
47 278.400 278.900 0.500 Arena
48 285.900 290.000 4.100 Mangrol
49 292.600 293.300 0.700 Rahej
50 295.100 295.300 0.200 Loej
51 298.100 299.000 0.900 Shil
52 304.300 304.800 0.500 Aadhroli
53 309.000 309.500 0.500 Goard Madhavpur
54 310.000 312.700 2.700 Madhavpur (Ghed)
55 322.000 322.400 0.400 Gorsur
56 322.600 322.800 0.200 Mucha
57 328.000 328.300 0.300 Balach
58 332.400 332.500 0.100 Ratia
59 347.600 348.000 0.400 Ghosa
60 351.250 351.800 0.550 Gurda
61 364.000 375.800 11.800 Porbandar
62 382.100 382.500 0.400 Kuchhadi
63 386.100 386.400 0.300 Kantela
64 390.300 390.500 0.200 Ratadi
65 393.400 393.700 0.300 Palkheda
66 397.100 397.500 0.400 Visawada
67 400.600 401.300 0.700 Tukada
68 404.000 404.500 0.500 Bhavpara
69 407.400 408.300 0.900 Milyani
70 430.900 431.400 0.500 Bhogat
71 465.000 465.100 0.100 Bordiya
72 471.000 473.000 2.000 Dwaraka
231.000 233.500 2.500 Dwaraka
73 237.200 238.000 0.800 Varvala
74 251.500 254.700 3.200 Mithapur
75 255.800 256.600 0.800 Arambada
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Sr.No Km From Km to Length City/Town/Villege
76 245.700 245.950 0.250 Mojab
2.3 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Environmental impact assessment of the project will include:
Collection of baseline information on various components of the environment.
Identification of areas and aspects that is environmentally or socially significant.
Conducting community consultations on various environmental and social aspects of the
project and documenting the same.
Determining the magnitude of environmental impacts and formulation of mitigation measures
for consideration and incorporation during planning/design, construction and operational
phases of the project implementation.
Preparation of environmental management plans including a program for monitoring
environmental impacts, implementation schedule and responsibilities. It also specifies
requirements of Institutional strengthening, if any, supervision program and contracting
procedures for execution of environmental mitigation works.
2.4 IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS
2.4.1 Widening Scheme
A detailed evaluation of the information collected and options described in the preceding
subsections has enabled formulation of widening scheme that best suits the different stretches of
the Project Road. The tentative length of proposed individual widening options along the project
corridor is given in table, 2.6, below:
Table 2.6: Length of Widening Options Considered
S.No Widening Option Code Total Length
(Km)
1 Eccentric widening on LHS while moving towards Somnath EL 62.642
2 Eccentric widening on RHS while moving towards
Somnath
ER 144.799
3 Concentric CON 151.740
4 Bypass, Realignments & Curve Improvement BYP/RE 100.133
5 Flyover/ VUP/ CUP/ PUP/ RoB 38.075
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(CONCENTRIC WIDENING)
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 2-LANE HIGHWAY WITHOUT SERVICE ROAD
1500 7000
PROPOSED
CARRIAGEWAY
PAVE
DSH
OU
LDER
2.5%
2000
EAR
THEN
SHO
ULD
ER
211000
1000
3.0%
G.L.
2000
UTI
LITY
CO
RR
IDO
R
(TYPE-1)
1500 2000
1000
1000
2000
RIGHT OF WAY
UTI
LITY
CO
RR
IDO
R
PAVE
DSH
OU
LDER
EAR
THEN
SHO
ULD
ER
2.5%
21
3.0%
G.L.
RIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE
C OF CARRIAGEWAYL
Fig – 2.2: Typical cross section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road
(NEW CONSTRUCTION)
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 2-LANE HIGHWAY WITHOUT SERVICE ROAD
(TYPE-2)
1500 7000
PROPOSED
CARRIAGEWAY
PA
VE
DS
HO
UL
DE
R2000
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
211000
1000
G.L.
2000
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
1500 2000
1000
1000
2000
RIGHT OF WAY
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
PA
VE
DS
HO
UL
DE
R
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
21
G.L.
RIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE
C OF CARRIAGEWAYL
2.5%3.0% 2.5% 3.0%
Fig – 2.3: Typical Cross Section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road
23
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 4-LANE HIGHWAY WITH SERVICE ROAD (ECCENTRIC WIDENING IN RHS)
(MIRROR IMAGE FOR ECCENTRIC WIDENING IN LHS)
(TYPE-7)
1500 7000
PROPOSED
CARRIAGEWAY
PA
VE
DS
HO
UL
DE
R
2.5% SLOPE
2000
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
3.0%
RIGHT OF WAYRIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE
C OF CARRIAGEWAYL
EXISTING
CARRIAGWAY
250 4500
MEDIAN
15007000
PROPOSED
CARRIAGEWAY
PA
VE
DS
HO
UL
DE
R
2.5% SLOPE
2000
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
3.0%
25015007000
(SERVICE ROAD)
2.5% SLOPE
150015002000
G.L.
FENCE
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
DR
AIN
1500 7000
(SERVICE ROAD)
2.5% SLOPE
1500 1500 2000
G.L.FENCE
DR
AIN
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
Fig – 2.4: cross section of 4-lane with service road
1000
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 4-LANE FLYOVER/UNDERPASS
(TYPE-12)
WITH SLIP ROAD
3500
MEDIAN
9900
PROPOSED CARRIAGEWAY
1000
17501000
G.L.1
2
2000 7000
SLIP ROAD 2.5% SLOPE
2.5% / 3% SLOPE
9900
PROPOSED CARRIAGEWAY
G.L.1
2
20007000
SLIP ROAD
2.5% / 3% SLOPE
23400 23400
46800
UT
ILIT
Y
CO
RR
IDO
R
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
RIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE
C OF CARRIAGEWAYL
PA
VE
RB
LO
CK
DR
AIN
17501000
PA
VE
RB
LO
CK
2.5% SLOPE
DR
AIN
Fig – 2.5: Typical cross section of 4-lane Flyover/Underpass with slip road
24
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 6-LANE HIGHWAY WITH SERVICE ROAD (ECCENTRIC WIDENING IN RHS)
(EXISTING CARRIAGEWAY AS LHS SERVICE ROAD)
(TYPE-21)
1500 10500
PROPOSED CARRIAGEWAY
PA
VE
DS
HO
UL
DE
R
2.5% SLOPE
2000
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
3.0%
RIGHT OF WAYRIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE
C OF CARRIAGEWAYL
EXISTING CARRIAGWAY
250 4500
MEDIAN
150010500
PROPOSED CARRIAGEWAY
PA
VE
DS
HO
UL
DE
R
2.5% SLOPE
2000
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
3.0%
25015007000
(SERVICE ROAD)
2.5% SLOPE
15002000
G.L.
FENCE
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
DR
AIN
1500 7000
(SERVICE ROAD)
2.5% SLOPE
1500 1500 2000
G.L.FENCE
DR
AIN
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
EA
RT
HE
NS
HO
UL
DE
R
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
Fig – 2.6: Typical cross section of 6-Lane with service road
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 6-LANE FLYOVER/VEHICULAR/CATTLE/PEDESTRIAN UNDERPASS
(TYPE-25)
WITH SLIP ROAD
1000
3500
MEDIAN
13400
PROPOSED CARRIAGEWAY
1000
17501000
G.L.1
2
2000 7000
SLIP ROAD2.5% SLOPE
2.5% / 3% SLOPE
13400
PROPOSED CARRIAGEWAY
G.L.1
2
20007000
SLIP ROAD
2.5% / 3% SLOPE
26900 26900
53800
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
UT
ILIT
YC
OR
RID
OR
RIGHT SIDELEFT SIDEC OF CARRIAGEWAYL
PA
VE
RB
LO
CK
DR
AIN
1750 1000
PA
VE
RB
LO
CK
DR
AIN
2.5% SLOPE
Fig – 2.7: Typical cross section of 6-Lane Flyover / Underpass with Slip Road
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2.4.2 Proposed Bypasses
Alternative options have been studied to identify the most suitable alignment for the
proposed improvement of the project road.
Along existing alignment
Along the bypass alignment
The following eighteen locations have been considered for the study of bypass:
Adhewada, Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000
Budhel, Km. 8.500 – Km 11.060
Kobadi, Km.14.540 – Km. 17.300
Bhandaria, Km. 20.080 – Km. 23.000
Tansa, Km. 28.650 – Km. 31.150
Trapej, Km. 39.200 – Km. 41.050
Talaja, Km. 49.600 – Km. 53.500
Bhadrad, Km. 85.610 – Km. 89.000
Datardi, Km. 113.240 – Km. 115.450
Hemal, Km. 157.200 – Km. 159.850
Samter, Km. 174.025 – Km. 176.400
Una, Km. 180.400 – Km. 188.000
Dholasa, Km. 204.950 – Km. 207.000
Prachi, Km. 240.080 to Km. 243.390
Chorwad, Km. 268.600 – Km. 271.400
Kukasawada, Km. 272.800 – Km. 276.550
Madhavpur, Km. 308.600 to Km. 312.650
Porbandar, Km. 356.860 – Km. 376.300
As indicated above, total 18 nos of bypasses have been considered for the study of
detailed alternative alignment of the Project Road. Out of these 18 nos of bypasses, the
following 7 nos of bypasses have already been proposed by R&B department.
Adhewada, Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000
Budhel, Km. 8.500 – Km 11.060
Kobadi, Km.14.540 – Km. 17.300
Bhandaria, Km. 20.080 – Km. 23.000
Tansa, Km. 28.650 – Km. 31.150
Trapej, Km. 39.200 – Km. 41.050
26
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Una, Km. 180.400 – Km. 188.000
2.4.3 Proposed RoW Width
The proposed Right of Way is 60 m from Bhavanagar (km3.2+000) to Veraval (km263+000).
The proposed Right of Way is 30 m from Veraval (km 263+000) to Urang (km 443+000).
The proposed Right of Way is 60 m from Urang (km 443+000) to Okha (km 501+700).
2.4.4 Proposed Median Width
The proposed median width is 4.5m in rural areas and 2.0m in urban areas.
2.4.5 Proposed Road Features
Bridges and Culverts: There are 578 numbers of Bridges and CD structures found in the entire
project corridor as per Bridge inventory and condition survey.
The condition of bridges is found to be in fair condition and in few cases the carriageway has
been narrowed by providing a barrier wall in order to restrict the traffic on central portion only. All
such bridges have been proposed for reconstruction. The remaining bridges are mostly in good
condition and just need some repair work.
The culverts found on the stretch are overall in good condition. The culverts proposed to be
reconstructed are mainly those which are below 900mm diameter or fully choked in case of pipe
culverts or in very poor condition in case of slab or arch culverts. The existing culverts shall be
widened based on improvement proposal. All retained culverts need minor repair work only. The
rehabilitation of the pipe culverts mainly require repair of headwall, cleaning of siltation in pipes
and cleaning of waterway. Bed protection is to be provided for the Slab/Slab and arch culverts.
Table 2.7: Summary of Cross Drainage Structures
Summary of Bridges
Sr. No. Structure Type Numbers
1 Major Bridges 30
2 Minor Bridges 187
Summary of Culverts
Sr. No. Culvert Type Numbers
1 Slab 170
2 Pipe 191
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Bus Stops:
The list of bus stops along the project corridor is given in Table 2.8.
Table 2.8: List of Bus stop along the Project Corridor
Sl.No Chainage Side
1 3.200 RHS
2 4.000 RHS
3 17.700 RHS
4 19.800 RHS
5 42.700 LHS
6 133.200 LHS
7 144.000 LHS
8 148.800 LHS
9 154.000 RHS
10 161.600 LHS
11 173.700 LHS
12 178.700 LHS
13 228.000 LHS
14 232.100 LHS
15 234.600 RHS
16 251.800 RHS
17 256.600 LHS
18 281.400 RHS
19 288.500 RHS
20 292.000 RHS
21 295.300 LHS
22 300.200 LHS
23 306.600 LHS
24 325.900 LHS
25 336.500 RHS
26 350.500 LHS
27 385.200 LHS
28 389.400 RHS
29 402.950 RHS
30 405.200 RHS
31 405.950 RHS
32 424.800 LHS
33 426.800 LHS
34 436.800 RHS
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Toll Plaza
It is proposed to provide seven toll plazas in the project stretch. The details are indicated below
in table 2.9.
Table 2.9: Tollplaza Locations
Sl. No Existing Km No of lanes
1 11.600 10+2
2 78.000 10+2
3 168.800 10+2
4 245.400 10+2
5 294.000 4+2
6 356.200 4+2
7 445.300 6+2
2.5 INTERSECTIONS
There are more than 224 cross roads with various categories of roads all along the corridor. All of
these intersections are at-grade. Apart from these intersections, there are some additional
intersections that have come up at the start and end of proposed bypasses at various urban
settlements. All these new intersections are considered as important ones. There is deletion of
some intersections and there is change of intersection type from T-intersection to x-intersection
due to introduction of bypasses.
Accordingly, total number of intersections is divided into different categories of varying
importance and developments are proposed to each category as mentioned in Table 2.10.
Table 2.10: Proposed intersection Improvements
S.NO Type Proposed Improvement
1 Type-I: Intersections of
prime Importance
At-grade/Grade separated intersection with Acceleration
/Deceleration lane /service road and median opening
2 Type-2:Intersections of
secondary importance
At- Grade channelised intersections with median opening.
No Acc/Dec lanes
Typical intersection drawings indicating the various elements of intersections have been
developed and presented in drawing volume of this report.
A) Major Intersection:
These are intersections with major category of roads like NH, SH and MDR carrying good
amount of cross road traffic. Details of these intersections are given below:
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Table 2.11: Details of Major Intersections
Sr. No.
Existing Km Type
Going to village Type of Road (SH/MDR/VR)
Left Right Left Right
1 8.990 4 Leg Ghogha Sidsar SH
2 95.800 Rotary Mahua Savarkundala
3 223.100 4 Leg Kodianar Amreli
4 262.800 Tee Veraval NH
5 262.800 Tee Jetpur NH
6 286.300 Tee Mangrol MDR
7 288.000 4 Leg Mangrol Keshod SH SH
8 367.100 Tee Porbandar MDR
9 369.400 Tee Rajkot NH
10 372.200 Tee Porbandar MDR
11 375.600 Tee Jamnagar MDR
12 407.800 Tee Harshad Bagvodar VR MDR
13 431.100 Tee Bhatia MDR
14 443.500 Tee Jamnagar SH
15 473.000 Tee Dwarka Khambaliya VR SH
16 251.920 Tee LHS Mithapur CR
17 260.100 Tee LHS Okha City CR
b) Minor Intersection:
This type of improvement is proposed at junctions with cross-roads of villages and access roads
carrying moderate to low traffic. There are 207 minor junctions along the project corridor. Details
of type of minor intersections are indicated below:
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Table 2.12: Details of Intersections of Minor Intersection
Sl. No. Type of Intersection Number of Intersections
1 T 137
2 + 39
3 Y 29
4 5 Legged 2
2.6 ROAD DRAINAGE
Presence of a good drainage system is essential. In the project alignment, the following types of
drains have been proposed:
i) Covered Drain below Footpath in Urban Areas
ii) Road-side Drain in Rural Areas
iii) Chute Drains at High Embankments
2.6.1 Covered Drain below Footpath in Urban Areas
These drains are provided in urban areas, wherever there is service road. A covered rectangular
RCC drain, having width of 1.5 m, with varied depth has been proposed below footpath on both
sides, to drain off water from main carriageway and service road.
2.6.2 Road-side Drain
In rural areas, open unlined trapezoidal drains with 0.6 m widths and 1V: 2H side slope have
been proposed near ROW on both sides of the road as per guidelines given IRC SP-42
2.6.3 Chute Drains
When the height of the embankment is more than 3.0m, the possibility of erosion of embankment
slopes and shoulders increases. In such cases longitudinal kerbed drains at edge of roadway are
provided to channelise the flow and are led down by lined chute drains. And these chute drains
are ultimately discharged into roadside drains.
2.6.4 Additional Culvert for Field Channel
On demand by the local people, additional culvert of 1.0m dia HP (NP-4) for field channel shall
be provided at bypasses to allow the water to pass from one side to other side if the lands on
both side of the road belong to the same owner.
2.6.5 Additional Culvert at Cross Road
Additional culvert of 1.0m dia HP is to be provided at the cross road joining Main Carriage Way
(i.e. at intersections etc.) wherever drains are passing. This size shall be increased to fulfill the
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road drainage requirement. If there is existing culvert at the crossroad, the size of the culvert
shall be the maximum of the existing size of the culvert and 1.2m dia HP.
2.7 SOURCE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Quarry Areas:
Aggregates to be used for base, surface courses and concrete works have been collected from
the crushers under operation in the existing quarries. The locations, estimated quantity and the
approximate distance from each source to the nearest point on the project road are compiled in
Table 2.13.
Table 2.13: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates
Sr.No Chainage Side Distance Location
1 9.000 Left 2 Km Bhikada
2 17.000 Left 3 Km Ukhalla
3 51.000 Right 10 Km Palitana Road
4 134.000 Right 20 Km Rajula
5 184.000 Left 17 Km Girgaradha
6 204.000 Right 5 Km Near Dolasa
7 223.000 Right 35 Km Dronaki
8 240.000 Right 15 Km Rampara
9 331.000 Left 2 km
10 408.000 Right 6 Km
2.7.1 Quarries for Sand
Sand samples have been collected from two sand sources and tested. Table 2.14 shows the
location of these sand quarries. Locations of these quarries are provided in Table 2.14.
Table 2.14: Details of Sand Quarry
Existing km Source of Sand
149.426 Nagasari
175.000 Datakdi
2.7.2 Source for Water
There are no perennial rivers in the vicinity of the project corridor. The discharges of the rivers
are maximum during rainy with visible impurities such as clay and discharge reduces to minimum
in dry season.
A total of nine water sources were identified and details are shown in Table 2.15.
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Table 2.15: Location details of Water Sample
Existing km Name of the source
49.565 Shetranji River
86.655 Bhadrodi River
88.937 Butiyo River
94.380 Malan River
134.593 Datakdi River
183.179 Machchundari River
223.215 Shingoda River
262.122 Hiranya River
339.223 Bhadar River
The suitability of these identified water sources is to be checked before incorporation of
construction works as per IS 456-2000.
2.8 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Geotechnical Investigations have been carried at proposed bridge locations to explore
subsurface conditions by drilling boreholes to different depths in order to identify the thickness
and sequences of various strata and to ascertain the subsurface profile of soils and bed rock to
determine the most suitable foundation level of structures.
2.9 HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
All the hydraulic data for bridges has been collected from the field and it has been analyzed and
studies carried out to determine the adequacy of waterway of the existing bridges proposed to be
retained and new bridges to be constructed as per provisions of IRC: 5-1998 and IRC: SP-13.
2.10 ROAD SAFETY MEASURES
2.10.1 Carriageway Markings
Carriageway markings have been designed primarily to delineate lane positions to encourage
lane discipline and safety. The MOST details in "Type Design for Intersection on National
Highways" provide good guidelines. Also IRC Code IRC: 35-1997 gives recommendations
regarding carriageway markings.
Notable features of the provisions are:
i) Traffic lane lines shall be single broken lines. Their width shall be 100 mm and the length
of segments and gaps shall be as under.
On straight reaches, 1.50 m segments and 3.0 m gaps.
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On curves and approaches to intersections 1.50 m segments and 1.50m gaps.
The colour of lane markings is white and it is visible in the dark under car/truck head lights.
ii) Continuous white lines, 150 mm wide are used to show the extent of the travelled
carriageway.
2.10.2 Traffic Signs
The traffic sign’s design is standardised for mandatory/regulatory types are as per standard IRC-
67 design.
Some of the signs will be in the verges mounted on steel posts in the usual manner. On the
approaches to junctions, overhead signs mounted on gantries have been designed. This
enables the signs to span the road and allow the driver on the moderately high speed road to
easily read the sign and take appropriate action.
The signs are proposed to be bi-lingual, in English and Hindi.
The minimum letter size is 150mm and is in accordance with the guidelines.
Hectometer/Kilometer stones and Marker Posts, Marker Stones are proposed at each kilometer
as is the practice on the Urban Roads.
2.10.3 Safety Barriers
Two types of safety barriers have been proposed:
i) Rigid Barriers
Rigid barriers are proposed on bridges, the details of which are provided in the
volume containing the design of standard drawings.
ii) Flexible Barriers
Flexible metal beam crash barriers are proposed at high embankment locations & bridge/flyover
approaches & the details are indicated in drawings volume.
2.11 LAND REQUIREMENT
For widening of project road land needs to be acquired. The total land required for the project is
1280.64 ha. Details are indicated in table 2.16.
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Table 2.16: Land Requirement
S. No. Land Use Land (ha)
1 Agriculture 653.13
2 Commercial 122.94
3 Residential 94.77
4 Barren 409.80
Total 1280.64
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3. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
The present chapter discusses the legal framework of the present project and the stakeholder
agencies that have to be duly consulted for its effective implementation.
3.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The environmental regulations, legislation, policy guidelines and control that may apply to this
project are the responsibility of a variety of government agencies. The following agencies would
play an important role in this project.
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF): The primary responsibility for administration and
implementation of the Government of India’s (GoI) policy with respect to environmental
management, conservation, ecologically sustainable development and pollution control rests with
the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). Established in 1985, the MoEF is the agency
primarily responsible for the review and approval of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)
pursuant to GoI legislation. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has set up regional
offices, with each region having an office. The office for the present project is located at
Gandhinagar.
Gujarat State Forest Department: The Gujarat State Forest Department is responsible for the
protection and managing the forest designated areas within the state. At the state level, the
Government of Gujarat through Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (PCCF) is empowered to
declare reserved and protected forests. It has also been given the authority to acquire land for
extension and preservation of forests. The Forest Department works out Forest Working Plans
for the various forest divisions to manage and protect the forest resources. These plans form the
basis for managing the forest resources and for chalking out specific plans and policies with
respect to the conservation, protection and development of the forest areas. The department is
also responsible for granting clearances for projects as per the provisions of the Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980.
Legislation and Regulations: Environmental legislation, regulations and policy guidelines that
may apply to this project and government agencies that administer them are summarized in
Table 2.1.
3.2 THE LEGAL SETTING
The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations for
protection of environment, which have been summarized in the table below:
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Table 3.1: Summary of Relevant Legal Requirements considered for this
Project and Institution responsible
National Level Acts
National Act Year Objective Responsible
Institution
Environment (Protection) Act. 1986
To protect and improve the overall environment
MOEF, CPCB
Notification on Environment Impact Assessment of Development projects (and amendments) (referred to as the Notification on Environmental Clearance)
2006
To provide environmental clearance to new development activities following environmental impact assessment.
MOEF, CPCB
Coastal Regulation Zone Regulations, and Notifications on Coastal Regulation zone.
1991 & subsequent
amendments
To restrict the establishment or expansion of industries, operation or process between the High Tide and Low Tide Lines.
MOEF
Wildlife Protection Act 1972
To protect wild animals and birds through the creation of National Parks and Sanctuaries
MoEF
Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 To protect and manage forests MoEF
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (and subsequent amendments)
1974
To provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water.
CPCB
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (and subsequent amendments)
1981
To provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution, and for the establishment of Boards to carry out these purposes.
CPCB and Transport
Department
Central Motor Vehicle Act Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1988
1989
To control vehicular air and noise pollution. To regulate development of the transport sector, check and control vehicular air and noise pollution.
Motor Vehicle Department
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act
1958
Conservation of Cultural and historical remains found in India.
Archaeological Dept. GOI, Indian Heritage Society
and Indian National Trust for Art and Culture Heritage
(INTACH).
I. Summary of National Acts:
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 resulted in the establishment of the
Central Pollution Control Board whose responsibilities include managing water quality and
effluent standards, as well as monitoring water quality, processing offenders and issuing licenses
for construction and operation of any facility. This includes the generation of liquid effluent during
road construction, including from residential construction camps.
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 empowers Central Pollution Control Board
to set air quality and emission standards, monitoring air quality, prosecute offenders and issuing
licenses for the construction and operation of any facility. Air quality includes noise level
standards. This act has notified National Ambient Air Quality Standards for different activities,
e.g. Industrial, Residential and Sensitive.
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Environment Protection Act 1986: This act was passed as an overall comprehensive act for
protection and improvement of the environment. The requirements for Environmental Clearance
under this Act have been described above. Under this Act rules have been specified for
discharge/emission of effluents and different standards for environment quality. These include
standards for Ambient Noise, Emission from Motor Vehicles, Mass Emission Standards for
Diesel and Petrol Driven vehicles, and General Effluent Standards. These standards are of direct
relevance for road construction projects.
Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification: Through the CRZ Notification dated 19th
February 1991, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India declared
the coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which are
influenced by tidal action (in the landward side) up to 500 metres from the High Tide Line (HTL)
and the land between the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the High Tide Line (HTL) as Coastal
Regulation Zone and imposed certain restrictions on the setting up and expansion of industries,
operations or processes, etc in the said Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ).
The CRZ areas are classified into four categories based on their environmental and ecological
sensitivity and significance. Their permissible and prohibitory activities are also classified
accordingly.
Protection of Cultural Places: With regard to the cultural aspects of the environment, the Indian
constitution states that, ’it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to value and preserve the rich
heritage in the nation, both government agencies and NGOs concerned with the preservation
and conservation of this heritage have been established.
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is the oldest organization concerned with
conservation in India and continues to be an important organization, working on the protection
and conservation of monuments and archaeological sites. It is supported in its endeavors by the
State level Directorates of Archaeology and it administers the Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958. There are numerous NGOs interest groups involved
in the conservation of cultural property in India including the Indian Heritage Society (HIS). The
Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) has regional chapters in most states
and is the largest such NGO. It acts as a reference for government agencies on conservation
issues. However, there are no such archaeological sites in this project area.
II. Summary of State Acts:
The Saurashtra Felling of Trees (Infliction of Punishment) Act 1951: This act is for taking the
permission from Forest and Environment Department of Government of Gujarat for felling of
tress of Limdo, Baval, Kanji, Khijdo, Ambo and Amli under Saurashtra Felling of Trees (Infliction
of Punishment) Act, 1951 and this shall be required in case of above trees cut within the distance
of 200 meters from the edge of the National Highways, State Highways and District Roads,
Notified urban areas and notified ecosensitive areas and within 5 Kms of the boundary of
Reserved Forest, Sanctuaries, National Parks, Sea coast and Desert.
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Gujarat State Pollution Control Board: The Gujarat State Pollution Control Board has the
mandate for environmental management at the state level, with emphasis on air and water
quality. The board is responsible for:
Planning and executing state-level air and water initiatives;
Advising state government departments on air, water and industry issues;
Establishing standards based on National Minimum Standards;
Enforcing and monitoring of all the activities within the state under the Air Act, the
Water Act, the Water Cess Act and the Environment Protection Act; and
Issuing No-objection certificates (NOC) for the projects in accordance with the water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, the Water Cess Act of 1977 and the
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981.
Gujarat State Coastal Zone Management Authority: The Central Government constituted an
authority to be known as the Gujarat State Coastal Zone Management Authority in supersession
of the Notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests Number
999 (E) dated, the 26th November, 1998. The Authority has the power to take the following
measures for protecting and improving the quality of the coastal environment and preventing,
abating and controlling environmental pollution in the coastal areas of the State of Gujarat and
examine proposals for changes or modifications in classification of Coastal Regulation Zone
areas and in the Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) received from the Gujarat State
Government and making specific recommendations to the National Coastal Zone Management
Authority therefor . Authority has its headquarters at Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The Authority deals
with environmental issues relating to Coastal Regulation Zone which may be referred to it by the
Gujarat State Government, the National Coastal Zone Management Authority or the Central
Government. The Authority identifies:
- Ecologically sensitive areas in the Coastal Regulation Zone and formulate area-specific
management plans for such identified areas.
- Coastal areas highly vulnerable to erosion or degradation and formulate area specific
management plans for such identified areas.
- Economically important stretches in Coastal Regulation Zone and prepares Integrated
Coastal Zone Management Plans for the same.
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 resulted in the establishment of the
State Level Pollution Control Board whose responsibilities include managing water quality and
effluent standards, as well as monitoring water quality, processing offenders and issuing licenses
for construction and operation of any facility. This includes the generation of liquid effluent during
road construction, including from residential construction camps.
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 empowers State Pollution Control Board to
set air quality and emission standards, monitoring air quality, prosecute offenders and issuing
licenses for the construction and operation of any facility. Air quality includes noise level
standards. This act has notified National Ambient Air Quality Standards for different activities,
e.g. Industrial, Residential and Sensitive.
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Quarrying and Other Materials Extraction: All rock, aggregates and sand for construction will
be obtained from designated quarries and other sources such as river beds which are under the
regulatory control of the Department of Land and Land Revenue of GOG. Mining projects
(including quarries) with leases of more than 5 hectares fall into the Schedule I group of activities
requiring Environmental Clearance from MOEF. Other quarrying activities require Environmental
Clearance from DOE. Where quarries are located on forested lands, Forest Clearance is
required from the MOEF or the GOG Forests Department.
3.3 CLEARANCE PROCEDURES
3.3.1 The EIA Notification
As per the provisions of the new amended EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, the
requirement for Environmental clearance has been quoted below:
REQUIREMENT FOR SEEKING ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE
“Categorization of projects and activities
i) All projects and activities are broadly categorized into two categories-Category A and Category B…..
ii) Category A: New National Highways and Expansion of National Highways greater than 30 km involving
additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition.
iii). Category B: New State Highways and Expansion of State Highways greater than 30 km involving additional
right of way greater than 20 m involving land acquisition.”
Procedure for Environmental Clearance: The application seeking prior environmental
clearance is to be made in the prescribed Form I annexed to the notification and Supplementary
Form IA, if applicable, as given in Appendix II of the notification, after the identification of
prospective site for the project and /or activities to which the application relates, before
commencing any construction activity, or preparation of land, at the site by the applicant. The
environmental clearance process for new projects comprises of four steps, which are,
Screening ( only for Category B projects or activities) will entail the scrutiny of application (Form
1) by the concerned State Level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) for determining whether or
not the project requires further environmental studies and preparation of Environmental Impact
Assessment Report for grant of environmental clearance. Projects requiring EIA Report are
termed Category B1 and the remaining as Category B2.
In Scoping, the EAC (for Category A projects) and SEAC (for Category B projects) determine
detailed comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR) for the preparation of the EIA Report in
relation to the project for which environmental clearance is sought. The TOR would be
determined on the basis of information furnished in Form 1/1A.
Public Consultation: All Category A and B1 projects have to undertake Public Consultation
(except expansion of Roads and Highways which do not involve any further acquisition of land).
Public Hearing and Consultation shall be done by the SPCB.
Appraisal of the Final EIA.Report by EAC/ SEAC for grant of environmental clearance.
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3.3.2 Categorisation and Clearance Requirement for the Present Project
The present project alignment is a National Highway greater than 30 km in length and involves
additional right of way greater than 20 m, hence has been considered under Category A. Thus,
environmental clearance is required for the project (as per MOEF Notification, September 2006).
In view of this, a screening report along with Form 1 (duly filled in) and Draft Terms of Reference
(TOR) has been submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) for their perusal
and comment.
The existing legislation and policies relevant to the project at the National and State levels have
been reviewed and identified. The clearance requirement for the project at various stages of the
project is described below.
Table 3.2: Statutory Clearance Requirements
Sl No
Clearance Required for Statute under which clearance is
required Statutory Authority
1. Environmental Clearance EIA Notification, 2006 issued under EP Act, 1986
Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOI, New Delhi
2. Coastal Zone Clearance Coastal Zone Regulation,1991 Gujarat Coastal Management Authority, Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOI, New Delhi It is observed that about 63 kms of land is observed in the coastal regulatory zone and adequate clearances shall be obtained from the concerned Authority
3. Permission for felling of Roadside trees
The Saurashtra Felling of Trees (Infliction of Punishment) Act 1951
Forest Department, Gujarat. Tree Enumeration along with Girth and Height parameters have been completed on the field and the same has been submitted to the concerned forest officials for verification.
4. No Objection Certificate
EIA Notification, 2006 issued under EP Act, 1986 Water (P&CP) Act, 1974 & Air (P&CP) Act, 1981
Gujarat Pollution Control Board.
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4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
The present chapter describes the physical, biological, social and cultural environment along the project
corridor and its immediate influence area.
4.1 BACKGROUND
Previous chapters have highlighted scope of environment assessment, existing features of the
road and proposed improvement, methodology and regulations applicable to environmental
assessment. In this chapter an attempt has been made to prepare a baseline environmental
setting so as applicability of Government of India (GoI) regulatory requirements could be
envisioned. Based on the existing environmental scenario potential impacts of road improvement
will be identified and accordingly management plan will be proposed in forthcoming sections.
The baseline environmental conditions will help in comparing and to monitor the predicted
negative and positive impacts, significant less adverse revised impact, resulting from the project
during construction and operation phases.
Data was collected from secondary sources for the macro-environmental setting like climate,
physiography (Geology and slope), biological and socio-economic environment. First hand
information have been collected to record the micro-environmental features within and adjacent
to the project corridor. Collection of first hand (Primary) information includes preparation of base
maps, extrapolating environmental features on proposed road design, tree enumeration, location
and measurement of socio-cultural features abutting project road.
Data was also recorded at sites used for extraction of materials for construction but generally
outside the project corridor e.g. borrows areas and quarries. Ambient Air, Noise and water quality
sample were collected at important locations in terms of environment quality to prepare a
baseline database. Consultation was another source of information to explain local conditions
like submergence, recent floods etc. However, these consultation results were largely base on
short term memories like information on floods, submergence but still it was helpful in comparing
secondary information.
Following section describes the nature, type and characteristics of the physical, biological,
cultural and socioeconomic components along the project roads.
4.2 STUDY REGION DELINEATION
The study region has been divided into:
Corridor of Direct Impact: This includes the area adjacent to the existing road, roughly 60m on
either side of the existing centerline. Minor alignment changes, widening, curve improvements,
etc. is expected to directly affect the land and assets located in this region.
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Corridor of Indirect Impact: This includes the region within 15km offset of the road centerline
on either side.
4.3 COLLECTION & COLLATION OF DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
FEATURES
The data on the various environmental and social components relevant to decisions about
project location, design and operation have been assembled from:
Primary Survey of the corridor, and
Secondary information collected from various organizations, institutes, publications, etc.
4.3.1 Primary Data Collection
The primary data collection along the project corridor has been carried out with respect to the
following features:
Environmental Features: Environmental features that may be directly impacted are trees along
the roadside, water bodies like ponds, wells and water crossings, agriculture lands, plantations,
forest stretch etc. Apart from these, environmentally sensitive locations like educational
institutions; hospitals etc have also been recorded.
Social Features: Social features that may be affected include loss of land and structures within
the proposed RoW. The type of structures i.e. residential, commercial, mixed uses (residential
cum commercial), public, educational institutions and health facilities have been recorded. The
structures have been further classified as kutcha, semi-pucca and pucca. To ascertain the impact
on land and structures, the RoW limits are being verified on the field.
Cultural Component: The cultural properties along the project corridor including shrines,
temples, mosques, churches and graveyards have been listed.
4.3.2 Secondary Data Collection
Secondary data collection has been collected primarily on regional environmental and social
features from various Government Agencies/Institutions and through literature reviews. Such
information includes:
Hydrogeological Atlas of Gujarat, Central Ground Water Board,
Socio-economic profile of the influence area along the project corridor: The database for analysis
has been taken from Census of India (1991 & 2001) and other secondary sources.
4.4 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
The physical environment consists of environmental attributes such as meteorology,
physiography, geology, soil quality, land use, water resources, air quality and noise levels. Each
attribute has been detailed subject to the available data constraints. Environmental Baseline
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characteristics of the project area have been described for the region comprising of a 15 km
offset on either side of the road centerline for the project corridor.
4.4.1 Climate and Meteorology
The climate of both the districts is characterized by a hot summer and dryness in the non-rainy
seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March
to May. The south-west monsoon season is from June to September and is followed by the post
monsoon season from October to November.
Temperature: The mean maximum temperature in the region reaches 41C in the warmer
months from March to June. During the winter season, in December-January, the minimum
temperature dips to 12.2C and the maximum temperature remains around 29C. The lowest
average monthly minimum temperature is around 21C. The average monthly maximum and
minimum temperature of the project region as recorded during the period 2009 by the Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD) is presented in Table 4.1 below.
Table 4.1: Temperature of the Project Region
Months Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Bhavnagar
Mean Minimum
12.2 16.9 18.8 22.9 25.9 27 25.6 24.5 24.2 21.7 19.2 14.1
Mean Maximum
28.9 32.1 35.6 41.1 41.2 38.1 33.3 31.6 33.2 35.8 34.4 29.7
Amreli
Mean Minimum
12.3 16.2 18.2 22.7 25.9 27.1 24.8 25.4 24.8 22.3 18.2 15.2
Mean Maximum
29.3 32 35.5 38.6 36.6 37.6 34.6 32.4 34.2 34.9 33.4 27.4
Junagarh
Mean Minimum
16.2 18.9 20.4 24 27 27.7 27.7 25.7 25.9 23.1 21.1 18
Mean Maximum
30 30.1 32.9 33.5 32.3 33.3 31.6 29.9 31.3 34.2 33.4 30.7
Porbander
Mean Minimum
13.2 15.4 17.3 23.5 26.5 - - - - - - -
Mean Maximum
30.1 32.1 34.5 38.5 37.4 - - - - - - -
Jamnagar
Mean Minimum
14.2 18.4 21.2 26 26.6 28.1 26.8 24.8 26.4 24.2 20.1 17.6
Mean Maximum
29 29.8 31.4 34.5 31.4 32.1 30.9 30.2 31.8 34.3 34.2 29.5
Based on IMD Observation from 2009
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Humidity: The maximum humidity is observed to be 92.00 percent (Amreli) during the month of
August. The minimum humidity is recorded at Jamnagar (26 percent) during the month of
January. The monthly variation of humidity in the project region is presented in Table 4.2 below.
Table 4.2: Monthly Average Humidity of the Project Region (in %)
Months Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Bhavnagar
8.30 56 75 67 76 79 82 87 87 78 68 63 57
17.30 54 68 62 71 81 86 81 85 81 65 59 62
Amreli
8.30 54 73 60 73 82 84 88 92 86 65 67 58
17.30 51 64 67 72 74 80 85 88 80 65 68 54
Junagarh
8.30 55 76 67 74 78 79 85 83 79 82 79 82
Porbander
8.30 54 72 65 75 79 - - - - - - -
17.30 52 69 61 66 85 - - - - - - -
Jamnagar
8.30 55 79 62 76 76 80 88 91 89 72 74 66
17.30 26 36 22 19 32 56 69 76 65 35 36 36 Based on IMD Observation from 2009
Rainfall: Maximum rainfall occurs under the influence of the South West monsoons (June-
September). The annual rainfall is around 1097mm.
Table 4.3: Rainfall in the Project Districts (in mm)]
Station Months
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Bhavanagar 0 0 0 0 0 262.3 124.2 101.2 96 1.4 - -
Amreli 0 0.5 0 0 0 211.3 142.2 109.2 255.8 0 0 0
Junagarh 0 1.3 0 0 0 185.3 132.6 121.3 194.3 0 0.6 0
Porbander 0 0 1 0.2 0 184.2 156.2 141.2 185.2 1.2 0 0
Jamnagar 0 1 0 0.1 0 195.4 176.3 221.3 156.2 0 29.2 0
Based on IMD Observation from 2009
Wind Speed: The most predominant wind speed in the region is 1-19 Kmph. Wind speed above
62 kmph is not found to occur, those in the range of 20-61 kmph is also rare for Keshod. Calm (0
kmph) conditions also prevail in Veraval.
Table 4.4: Mean Wind Speed (Kmph)
Station Months
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Veraval 12.16 13.49 15.15 14.5 15.2 20.3 25.15 19.64 10.8 11.68 9.9 13.795
Based on IMD Observation from 2009
4.4.2 Physiography and Terrain
The project region is located in Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh, Porbandar and Jamnagar districts
in Gujarat. Bhavnagar district is situated in the south-east corner of the peninsular region of
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Gujarat known as ''Kathiawar of Saurashtra''. It lies between the parallels of latitude 200.59' and
220.16' and the meridians of longitude 710.23' and 720.18'. The length from north to south of this
territory is about 151.7 kms and from east to west about 108.6 kms. Bhavnagar district forms a
part of Kathiawar Peninsula and is subdivided into four submicro regions, namely, Bhavnagar
Coastal Plain, Palitana-Savarkundal Upland, Songadh Forested Plain and Keri, Kalubhar and
Ghelo Plain on the basis of topography, climate, geology, soils and natural vegetation. It is
bounded in the north by Surendranagar and Ahmadabad districts and in the west by Rajkot and
Amreli districts and in the south by the east by the Gulf of Kambhat. The area covered by the
district is 9,981 Sq. kms.Areawise rank of this district is 6th among the districts of the state.
Amreli is located near the Gulf of Khambhat in the Arabian Sea, in the western part of Gujarat. It
lies between the parallels of latitude 70.30º and 71.75º and the meridians of longitude 20.45º to
22.25º. The district has 11 talukas, of which the major ones are Amreli, Babra, Bagasara,
Jafrabad, Rajula, Savarkundla and Vadi
Junagadh district is situated at Saurashtra region and form part of the Kathiawar peninsula. It lies
between the parallels of latitude 20°41’ and 21°41’ and the meridians of longitude 69°56’ and
71°13’. It is sub divided into four sub-micro regions namely, Junagadh coastal plain, Bhadar, Ojat
and Harna river plain, Girnar hills and Junagadh Gir forested Region. The elevation of the region
falling in Mangrol, Manavadar, Keshod, Malia and Patan-Veraval talukas varies between 5
metres and 52 metres above the M.S.L in the Junagadh Coastal Plain. Some parts of Mangrol,
Manavadar, Keshod, Malia, Patan-Veraval, Vanthali, Junagadh talukas falls in the Bhadar, Ojat
and Harna River Plain which elevates between 45 metres and 241 metres above M.S.L.
Porbandar forms a part of the erstwhile Kathiawar peninsula located in the western part of
Gujarat. It lies between the parallels of latitude 69.550 and 70.25and the meridians of longitude
21.15 to 21.5. The district comprises of 3 talukas viz. Porbandar, Ranawav, and Kutiyana It is
famous for the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi – the Father of the Nation.
Jamnagar is located in Saurashtra region of western Gujarat. It lies between the parallels of
latitude 68°57’ and 70°37’ and the meridians of longitude 21°42’ and 22°57’. The district has 10
talukas, of which the major ones are Jamnagar (District Headquarter), Jodiya, Okha, and
Khambhaliya. The district is famous for its brass products, (bandhani) tie-dyed fabric, and
handicrafts
The proposed alignment traverses through fertile plain terrain along its entire length.
Soil
Salty land which is mainly the type of land in Morbi and Maliya and Black, loamy soil which is
mainly present in Bhavanagar, Amreli and Dwaraka, districts. The soils of the project region that
falls in Junagadh district are formed partly from sedimentary rocks and partly from igneous rocks.
They are calcareous in nature, rich in potassium content but deficient in nitrogen and humus. The
main types of soils in the district are black, medium black, alluvial soil in the low-lying area,
calcareous and brackish.. Most of the villages in Junagadh have medium black soil. The alluvial
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soil in the low-lying area, known as ‘Ghed’, comprises parts of Keshod, Mangrol and remains
inundated during monsoon. The brackish soils are mostly found near the coastal belt of Mangrol,
Malia and Veraval talukas and represent the degeneration of coastal alluvial soil due to ingress
of sea water.
Land Use
The geographical area in the five districts can be divided into two major classes: arable land: that
includes net sown area, fallow land and non-arable land: that includes forest, area not available
for cultivation and other uncultivable land excluding current fallow. The proposed alignment runs
through five districts, major portion being through Junagarh. The alignment mainly runs through
agriculture land; water bodies in the form of ponds, rivers and canals also fall within the proposed
Right of Way (ROW). At places, the alignment also runs through a few settlements and
structures.
The land use on either side of the cross roads is mostly agricultural, only at certain locations
structures are being affected. The locations where comparatively more number of structures are
present along the alignment are – Talaja, Veraval, Somnath and Porbandar.
The total landuse of the project corridor within the RoW is broadly classified and presented in
Table 4.5.
Table 4.5: Landuse in the Project RoW
S. No. Land Use % To Total
1 Agriculture 51
2 Commercial 9.6
3 Residential 7.4
4 Mixed 32
Total 100
Air Quality
Ambient air quality in a region is characterized by concentrations of various pollutants in the
atmosphere. The presence of air pollutants and their concentrations depends on the type of
polluting sources, and other factors that influence their flow and dispersion. In most cases
vehicular emissions are the predominant source of air pollution. Existing ambient air quality data
on various sections of the project corridors was collected to establish a baseline database. The
aim was to identify areas that already have high pollution levels or are expected to experience
so, on account of the road project, and to design adequate mitigation measures, as applicable.
The activities, which generate modify atmospheric air quality, are transportation (i.e, motor
vehicle emissions, which are addressed in this study); industry; domestic and construction. The
principal sources of air pollution due to road projects are hot mix plants and machineries used
during construction phase and the vehicles that ply over it during the operation phase. The
parameter of significance to roadside air quality, on account of vehicular emissions, are
suspended particulate matter (SPM), Respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulphur dioxide
(SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon-monoxide (C).
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Dispersal of pollutants depends upon factors like prevailing wind direction and other weather
conditions, height of the source, and characteristics of roadside plantation along the project
corridor.
The air polluting sources in the project region primarily consist of industries and the vehicles
plying on the roads. A total of 15 ambient air monitoring stations were identified based on the
different existing land use pattern to study the ambient air quality along the project corridor and
are indicated in fig 4.1. The ambient air quality in the corridor was found to be in compliance with
the ambient air quality norms stipulated by CPCB/GPCB. The results of ambient air quality
monitoring are indicated in table – 4.6.
Table 4.6: Ambient Air Quality Results
Station Monitoring Location
Chainage (km)
Area Category
Pollutant Concentration (µg/m3)
24 hourly mean values
RSPM TSPM SO2 NO2 HC CO
AQ1 Junction 8.900
Residential, Rural & other
Areas
179.45 345.69 12.85 21.06 Nil 654
AQ2 School 52.300 164.59 290.45 13.06 22.25 Nil 598
AQ3 School 92.375 149.56 282.5 12.56 19.45 Nil 1452
AQ4 School 116.900
Residential, Rural & other
Areas
150.55 234.55 10.09 14.42 Nil 1236
AQ5 School 148.600 160.89 389.29 11.56 26.54 Nil 1090
AQ6 Industry 184.270 178.45 384.88 15.46 21.45 Nil 1450
AQ7 School 188.450
Residential, Rural & other
Areas
165.75 290.56 14.45 20.52 Nil 1260
AQ8 School 211.900 167.48 301.15 12.5 15.12 Nil 1350
AQ9 School 237.200 170.84 315.64 12.56 17.56 Nil 1058
AQ10 Junction 262.800
Residential, Rural & other
Areas
145.89 298.54 14.5 16.87 Nil 1265
AQ11 School 288.700 147.26 294.52 13.56 17.45 Nil 1165
AQ12 School 322.100 170.84 269.89 15.45 14.6 Nil 1452
AQ13 Industry 366.000
Residential, Rural & other
Areas
139.11 350.45 10.56 14.56 Nil 1235
AQ14 Junction 443.500 147.26 309.12 13.56 15.46 Nil 658
AQ15 Junction 473.000 156.12 312.54 10.12 12.09 Nil 985
NAAQ Norms* (8/24 Hourly Mean) 100 200 80 80 2000
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Fig
4.1
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Monitoring Results
The TSPM range is 234.55 µg/Nm3 to 389.29 µg/Nm3. The total particulate concentration at
50% of location is less than 288 µg/Nm3. The higher concentrations of TSPM are attributed to
anthropogenic activities, major settlements, unpaved road conditions, minor industrial areas,
dryness, semi-arid conditions and loose dust particles along the project corridors.
In most of the samples, RSPM is 50% higher than the prescribed standard. All gaseous
pollutants like SO2, NO2, HC and CO are well within the prescribed limits of statutory bodies.
Noise Quality
To assess background noise levels in the study area, ambient noise monitoring is conducted. A
total of fifteen (15) locations were identified along the project road, based on different categories
of area and are indicated in fig 4.2.
Ambient noise level or sound pressure levels (SPL) are measured by a portable sound level
meter having built in facilities to read noise level directly in dB(A). From the SPL values,
equivalent continuous sound pressure level values (Leq) are calculated. Noise measurement is
conducted as per IS: 4954 as adopted by CPCB.
Ambient noise level monitoring has been carried out during Febraury 2011. At each location
monitoring was conducted continuously over a period of twenty- four hours to obtain Leq values
at uniform time intervals of 1 hour. From the hourly Leq values, day and night Leq values are
calculated to compare with the national ambient noise standards. Description of the noise
monitoring stations and the Leq values at each station are given in Table 4.7.
Table 4.7: Noise Quality Results
Station Chainage Type Category
Noise Levels, dB(A)
Overall Day Time Night Time
(06:00-22:00 hrs.) (22:00-06:00 hrs.)
Leqmin. Leqmax. Leqmin. Leqmax. Leqmin. Leqmax.
NL1 8.900 Junction Commercial 37.1 62.56 34.0 58.6 34.0 62.56
NL2 52.300 School Commercial 40.5 65.33 33.4 57.6 33.4 65.33
NL3 92.375 School Commercial 44.7 67.86 36.8 61.9 36.8 67.86
NL4 116.900 School Commercial 43.2 66.78 36.8 63.2 36.8 66.78
NL5 148.600 School Commercial 41.2 64.23 36.1 57.2 36.1 64.23
NL6 184.270 Industry Commercial 39.1 61.87 30.4 61.3 30.4 61.87
NL7 188.450 School Commercial 40.5 65.23 33.4 60.8 33.4 65.23
NL8 211.900 School Commercial 38.7 66.23 34.0 55.1 34.0 66.23
NL9 237.200 School Commercial 34.0 61.28 33.2 57.2 33.2 61.28
NL10 262.800 Junction Commercial 40.3 66.83 37.6 58.4 37.6 66.83
NL11 288.700 School Commercial 40.5 68.56 34.0 55.1 34.0 68.56
NL12 322.100 School Commercial 34.8 60.88 34.2 54.8 34.2 60.88
NL13 366.000 Industry Commercial 37.2 64.46 34.9 58.5 34.9 64.46
NL14 443.500 Junction Commercial 34.4 62.43 33.8 58.3 33.8 62.43
NL15 473.000 Junction Commercial 36.5 61.48 34.6 55.4 34.6 61.48
Leq Norms for Residential Areas - 55 - 45 - -
Leq Norms for Commercial Areas - 65 - 55 - -
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Fig
4.2
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Overall the Leq noise level range is 30.4 to 68.56 dB(A). During daytime, the noise level ranges
from 34-68.56 dB(A). During the night time, the Leq range is 30.4 to 61.9 dB(A). The higher noise
levels have been observed in commercial areas.
Water Resources
Surface Water: The project region Passes through five Districts i.e, Bhavnagar, Amerli,
Jungadh, Poranbandar and Dwarka. The rivers that cross the project road are indicated in fig 4.3.
All the rivers are non perennial, rainfed and are tributaries of the Arabian Sea which is the main
Coastline of the project area. The rivers are used for washing, cleaning and cultivation. The list
of rivers crossing the project highway is indicated in table 4.8.
Table 4.8: River Crossing the Project stretch
Station Existing km Name of the source
WQ1 49.565 Shetranji River
WQ2 86.655 Bhadrodi River
WQ3 88.937 Butiyo River
WQ4 94.380 Malan River
WQ5 134.593 Datakdi River
WQ6 183.179 Machchundari River
WQ7 223.215 Shingoda River
WQ8 262.122 Hiranya River
WQ9 339.223 Bhadar River
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Fig
4.3
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There are a number of ponds along the project road. Their locations have been indicated in table
4.9.
Table 4.9: Ponds along the alignment
Existing Km Side Existing Km Side
16.600 LHS 330.000 RHS
30.200 LHS 330.900 - 331.500 LHS
30.130 RHS 331.350 RHS
32.600 RHS 332.000 RHS
35.500 LHS 332.200 LHS
62.200 LHS 350.700 RHS
67.000 RHS 350.700 LHS
68.700 RHS 370.000 LHS
122.700 LHS 380.240 LHS
158.500 LHS 381.000 - 382.600 LHS & RHS
194.420 LHS 386.300 RHS
201.200 RHS 386.400 RHS
208.700 RHS 393.650 LHS
216.860 RHS 397.580 RHS
225.750 RHS 403.950 RHS
264.700 LHS 410.200 LHS
277.570 RHS 410.700 RHS
281.400 LHS 410.700 LHS
281.400 RHS 411.400 LHS
295.800 LHS 417.200 RHS
310.400 RHS 417.200 - 417.800 LHS
310.500 RHS 468.500 LHS & RHS
316.750 LHS
Ground Water: This categorization is attributed to the level of extraction of ground water against
increased domestic, industrial and irrigation requirements. The extraction is higher in the region
of Saurashtra.
The districts were categorised as Gray zone and the availability of the ground water along the
corridor varied between from 5 to 20 m below ground level (bgl) during pre-monsoon (May 2002),
while during post monsoon (November 2002) it has varied from less than 5 to 10 m bgl (Table
4.10). It is considerably depending on aquifer geology, geomorphology and rainfall. South-West
monsoon is the main source of ground water recharge for the entire area of the corridor. Ground
water is also a source of irrigation in the area. Drinking water is available through borewell.
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Table 4.10: Depth to ground water level along the corridor
S.No. District
Depth to Water level (mbgl)
Pre Monsoon (May 2002)
Post Monsoon (November 2002)
1 Bhavnagar Greater than 20 m Greater than 20 m
2 Amerli 10 – 20 m 5 – 10 m
3 Junagadh 10 – 20 m 5 – 10 m
4 Poranbandar 5 – 20 m 5 – 10 m
5 Jamnagar 5 – 20 m 5 – 10 m
Source: Central Ground Water Board
Sl. No. Description /
Location Km
15.115 Km
90.865 Km
174.900 Km
248.150 Km
340.150 Km
467.100
1 pH 7.7 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8
2 DO 4 6 5 3 2 4
3 BOD 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.9
4 COD 4 3 2 2 4 3
5 Chloride 208 293 280 217 229 262
6 Alkalinity 360 422 265 315 356 383
7 Total Coliform Count MPN/100 ml.
Absent
8 Total hardness 151 172 125 133 147 165
The ground water sources had agreeable colour, taste and odour. The pH value ranged between
7.5 to 7.9, generally above the neutral mark and within the permissible limits for dirinking water.
Chloride values ranged from 208 mg/l to 293 mg/l thus, within ther permissible limits. BOD is also
absent. There is no significant bacteriological contamination of these sources. Total alkalinity is
found to be within permissible limits. Total hardness ranged between 125 – 172 mg/l. Heavy
metals like iron, zinc, arsenic mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium and selenium are absent.
In general, the ground water quality in the project corridor is found to be in compliance with
IS:10500 Standard for Drinking Water.
Surface Water Quality: The water quality of Setranji, Bhadrodi, Butiyo and Datakdi rivers were
taken for monitoring the surface water quality. Borewells are the major source of water for
drinking and other domestic purposes in villages and towns.
The results of the water quality tests are given in Table 4.11.
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Table 4.11: Water Quality Results
Sl. No.
Parameter
RIVER
IS:10500 - 2001 WQ1
Setranji WQ2
Bhadrodi WQ3
Butiyo WQ4 Malan
WQ5 Datakdi
WQ6 Machchundari
WQ7 Shingoda
WQ8 Hiranya
WQ9 Bhadar
1 Colour Clear Colour Less -
2 Odour Odour Less -
3 Turbidity (NTU) 3 2 4 3 1 4 1 2 4 -
4 pH (Unit) 7.7 7.36 7.72 7.41 7.81 7.69 7.7 7.49 7.54 6.5-8.5
5 Temperature
(Deg. C) 28 31 33 29 32 30 31 29 31 -
6 Total Dissolved
Solids (mg/l) 600 158 510 550 490 502 496 533 510 500
7 Ether Soluble (Oil & Greece)
8 3 5 6 4 7 6 9 8 -
8 Total Hardness
as CaCO3 (mg/l) 179 132 182 146 196 169 175 151 157 300
9 Chloride (mg/l) 131 210 180 173 165 202 217 184 192 250
10 Sulphate (mg/l) 78 65 58 52 60 55 69 49 65 200
11 Phosphate (mg/l) 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 -
12
Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand (3 Days at 27 C)
(mg/l)
5 8 3 16 7 5 8 11 13 -
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Sl. No.
Parameter
RIVER
IS:10500 - 2001 WQ1
Setranji WQ2
Bhadrodi WQ3
Butiyo WQ4 Malan
WQ5 Datakdi
WQ6 Machchundari
WQ7 Shingoda
WQ8 Hiranya
WQ9 Bhadar
13 Lead (mg/l) NIL -
14 Arsenic (mg/l) NIL -
15 Iron (mg/l) NIL 0.3
16 Total Coliform (MPN/100 ml)
48 32 35 69 38 44 66 48 37 500
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The pH value ranged between 7.36-7.81. TDS content ranged between 158-600 mg/l while
Chloride values ranged from 131 to 210 mg/l respectively, well below the tolerance limits. Iron
content is found to be nil. There is no significant presence of trace metals in the surface waters.
There is no faecal contamination as the Oil and grease, toxic constituents like phenolic
compounds and cyanides are found to be absent.
While comparing with the CPCB Norms for Surface Waters, all parameters are found to be within
the standard limits.
Ecology
Forests
The forest areas of Gujarat are unevenly distributed. The major concentration of forests is found
all along the eastern border of the state and the hilly portion of Saurashtra. Reserve forest for
conservation of Neelgai has been identified on either side of the project stretch in Bhavnagar
district. The forests are found mainly in the district Junagadh. Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests
thrive in the region having the rainfall between 600 mm to 1200 mm. These forests are found in
the central part of the state in parts of Saurashtra in the districts of Junagadh. Northern Tropical
Thorn Forests occur in the region with less than 600 mm rainfall. These forests are found in
Rajkot and Junagadh districts. These forests contain spare and stunted growth of species like
Acacia and thorn bushes etc. Littoral and Swamp Forest, Mangrove forest are found in the
coastal creeks in the districts of Junagadh. The main species found in these forests is Avicenia
sp. Out of 207 subtypes of forests, recorded by Champion and Seth, 31 subtypes, (14.7%) have
been identified in the state.
Sensitive Ecological Habitats/ Ecosystems
No sensitive ecological habitats or ecosystems are identified within the direct influence area of
the project corridor. The details are discussed below.
Flora: Teak, dudhlo, khair, ber, desi baval, dhav, hermo, sadad, timru, ashitro, saledi, modad,
khakhro etc.
Fauna: The Gir forests support a rich biodiversity comprising 32 species of mammals, 300
species of birds and 26 species of reptiles and thousands of species of insects.
Flora and Fauna in the Study Area
Flora: The flora in the project area comprises of roadside trees, fruit trees in certain villages
besides the vegetables and crops grown in the agriculture lands.
Roadside Plantation: The common tree species found along the roadside are given in Table
4.12. Fruit trees are observed in certain locations along the corridor: Guava, mango, coconut,
Sofeda and banana garden.
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Table 4.12: Road Side Tree Species
Sl No Common Names Scientific Names
1. Amla Emblica officinalis
2. Arduso Ailanthus excelsa
3. Bor Zizyphus glabrata
4. Desibaval Acacia nilotica
5. Gando baval Prosopis juliflora
6. Gundo Cordia dichotoma
8. Jambu Syzygium cumini
9. Karanj Derris indica
10. Khair Acacia chundra
11. Khajuri Phoenix sylvestris
12. Khijdo Prosopis cineraria
13. Limdo Azaditachta indica
14. Mitosaragavo Moringa oleifera
15. Piplo Ficus religiosa
16 Rayan Manilkara hexandra
17. Sag Tectona grandis
18. Sisam Dalbergia latifolia
19. Vad Ficus benghalensis
Fauna: Local Fauna in the project area includes reptiles like crocodile, tortoise, gecko, garden
lizard owing to the large number of water bodies and fruit gardens in the area. Common animals
like dogs, cats and cattle are also present.
Institutional Facility
These include schools, colleges and hospitals along the project road. There are 55 institutions
along the project road. There are primary schools upper primary high school and higher
secondary schools. In most of the educational institutes, the boundary wall is located close to the
existing road but the building is quite far from the road with a playground in front of the school
building. They have been enlisted below.
Table 4.13: Educational Institutes along the project road
Sr.No Existing Km Side
1 9.460 Left
2 21.900 Left
3 30.085 Right
4 36.700 Left
5 39.570 Right
6 44.650 Right
7 52.300 Left
8 61.500 Left
9 86.776 Right
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Sr.No Existing Km Side
10 91.150 Left
11 92.375 Right
12 97.700 Right
13 98.630 Right
14 98.700 Left
15 99.600 Right
16 107.400 Left
17 116.900 Left
18 118.000 Left
19 148.600 Left
20 158.600 Right
21 160.500 Left
22 182.750 Right
23 174.950 Right
24 177.600 Left
25 182.800 Left
26 188.450 Right
27 192.850 Right
28 196.600 Right
29 201.500 Left
30 206.050 Left
31 211.900 Left
32 232.400 Left
33 237.200 Left
34 251.300 Left
35 256.400 Left
36 268.360 Right
37 274.400 Left
38 278.300 Right
39 278.850 Left
40 288.250 Right
41 288.700 Left
42 288.900 Left
43 295.200 Right
44 310.000 Right
45 322.100 Right
46 332.300 Right
47 344.000 Left
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Sr.No Existing Km Side
48 367.800 Right
49 369.400 Right
50 379.800 Left
51 385.500 Left
52 397.400 Right
53 404.250 Left
54 405.250 Right
55 427.200 Left
Coastal Regulation Zone
The project corridor falls under CRZ –III as per Coastal Zone Regulation Notification, January,
2011 issued by MoEF, GOI. As per CRZ Notification, 2011, CRZ III includes areas that are
relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either Category-I or II. These will include
coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within Municipal
limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are not substantially built up. As per the
guidelines of Gujarat Coastal Zone Management Authority for obtaining CRZ clearance, a map
clearly demarcating HTL and LTL along with other proposed activities, landuse within 5 km
radius, latitude and longitude has been prepared by an external agency authorized by MOEF and
has been submitted with the State Department, Gandhinagar.
4.5 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
4.5.1 Social Environment
The project corridor passes through five Districts namely Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh,
Porbandar and Jamnagar. 119 villages and 11 urban areas would be directly impacted, 37 in
Bhavanagar, 18 in Amreli, 27 in Junagadh, 29 in Porbandar and remaining in Jamnagar District.
Details of each of the districts are presented in Table 4.14.
Table 4.14: Number of Settlements along the Project Corridor
S. No District Urban Villages
1 Bhavanagar 4 37
2 Amreli 2 18
3 Junagarh 5 27
4 Porbandar 2 29
5 Jamnagar 1 12
Total 14 119
Therefore, in order to understand the socio-economic profile of the influence area of the project
corridor, a micro-level analysis is essential. The aerial unit for analysis of the socio-economic
profile of the influence area of the project corridor includes all traversed villages, urban and forest
areas. Though the corridor passes through five administrative districts, for better appreciation, all
socio-economic characteristics have been analyzed.
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4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
The socio-economic profile along the project corridor takes into account the socio as well as the
economic aspects:
Population Distribution;
Density of Population;
Gender Ratio;
Share of Vulnerable Groups and
Literacy Rate
Workforce Participation Ratio and
Sector-wise Distribution of Workers
4.6.1 Population Distribution
The project influence area comprises of five districts namely, Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh,
Porbandar and Jamnagar. The growth rate of population in the project influence area is 3.17 %
which is higher than the average growth rate of population in the state (2.06%). The highest
population growth rate is 4.66% recorded in Veraval taluka of Junagadh district followed by
4.46% in Junagadh taluka. In rest of the talukas, growth ranges between 1% to 2%. Jetpur taluka
of Rajkot district has registered the lowest growth rate of 0.77%. Talukawise demographic
characteristics in project influence area are presented in Table 4.15.
Table 4.15: Population Distribution in talukas along the Project Corridor, 2011
District Population
AAGR (01-11) 2001 2011
Bhavanagar 2469630 2877961 0.87
Amreli 1,393,295 1513614 0.92
Junagarh 2448173 2742291 0.89
Porbander 536,854 586062 0.92
Jamnagar 1,913,685 2159130 0.89
Project Influence Area 8,761,637 9,879,058 0.89
Gujarat State 50671017 60383628 0.84 Source: Population Totals of Gujarat, Census of India, 2011 and 2001; Note: Figures are rounded of to first decimal place
4.6.2 Population Density
The project influence area has population density of about 135 to 277 persons per sq.km in 2001
and 153 to 310 persons per sq.km in 2011. In 2011, the population density for Gujarat State is
382 persons per sq.km and 325 persons per sq.km in 2001 amongst all the districts (Table 4.16).
Table 4.16: Population Distribution and Density along Project Corridor, 2011
District Population Density(Persons/Sq km)
2001 2011
Bhavanagar 247 288
Amreli 188 205
Junagarh 277 310
Porbander 234 255
Jamnagar 135 153
Gujarat state 325 382 Source: Census of India, 2011
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4.6.3 Sex Ratio
As per the Census estimates (2011) number of Sex ratio (females/1000 male) of project
influence area is about 931 to 964 The Sex ratio for the state of Gujarat is 940. All the districts
have shown a decrease in sex ratio from 2001-2011 (Refer Table 4.17).Amongst all the districts,
Porbandar district registered the highest sex ratio with an increase from 946 in 2001 to 947 in
2011. A decline in sex ratio is observed in four districts of project influence area during 2001-
2011 in accordance with the decline observed at state level.
Table 4.17: Sex Ratio along Project Corridor, 2011
District
Sex Ratio (Number of Females per 1000 Males)
2001 2011
Bhavanagar 937 931
Amreli 987 964
Junagarh 955 952
Porbander 946 947
Jamnagar 941 938
Gujarat state 933 940
Source: Population Totals of Gujarat, Census of India, 2011 Note: Figures are rounded of to first decimal place
4.6.4 Vulnerable Population
The percentage distribution of scheduled caste is higher than scheduled tribes in project
influence area. Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagarh and Jamnagar district has a higher percentage of
SC population (percentage of SC population to total population in the state). Details indicated in
Table 4.18.
Table 4.18: Share of Vulnerable Groups along Project Corridor, 2001
District Population 2001 % to Total Population
SC ST SC ST
Bhavanagar 142198 7298 3.96 0.10
Amreli 115490 3256 3.21 0.04
Junagarh 235624 18832 6.56 0.25
Porbander 48233 6456 1.34 0.09
Jamnagar 154819 10459 4.31 0.14
Gujarat state 3592715 7481160 7.09 14.76 Source: Population Totals of Gujarat, Census of India, 2001 and 1991;
4.6.5 Literacy Rate
As per the Census estimates (2001), 69 percent of the population are literate in the State, where
as the average literate rate is lower (67 percent) in the project influence area. Within the project
influence area, Junagadh district has the highest literacy rate (76.88 percent) followed by
Porbandar (75.63 percent) and Amreli (74.5 percent). The lowest literacy rate was observed in
Bhavnagar (69.84 percent). Details indicated in Table 4.19.
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Table 4.19: Literacy Rate along Project Corridor, 2011
District Literates Literacy Rate (%)
2001 2011 2001 2011
Bhavanagar 1395205 1927573 66.98 69.84
Amreli 8141151 1001768 67.22 74.50
Junagarh 1432422 1876761 68.35 76.88
Porbander 320053 400196 69.09 75.63
Jamnagar 1048894 1417294 67.19 74.4
Gujarat State 29827750 41948677 69.97 79.31 Source: Census of India, 2011
4.6.6 Workforce Participation
As per the Census estimates (2001), Amreli district has 33.72 percent of main workers among
males and 15.04 percent among females. The details are indicated in Table 4.20.
Table 4.20: Type of Workers within the Project Influence Area, 2001
S.No District
Main Workers Marginal Workers Total Workers Non- Workers
Persons Among
Females Persons
Among Females
Persons Among
Females Persons
Among Females
1 Bhavnagar 31.63 11.18 6.62 10.87 38.25 22.05 61.75 77.95
2 Amreli 33.72 15.04 9.38 15.98 43.1 31.02 56.9 68.98
3 Junagadh 32.09 11.86 8.79 14.67 40.88 26.52 59.12 73.48
4 Porbandar 32.34 11.1 7.74 12.32 40.07 23.42 59.93 76.58
5 Jamnagar 32.77 12.25 5.79 9.18 38.56 21.43 61.44 78.57
Source: Director of census operations, Gujarat state.
4.6.7 Right of Way
The extent of Public Land adjacent to the project Corridor was collected from the Department of
Land Revenue. Knowledge of extent of land was required to restrict development within the
public land and thereby reducing private land acquisition. District and Block wise land use is
presented in the Table 4.21 below.
Table 4.21: Landuse along the Project Corridor
District Geographical
Area Reporting
Area Forest
Area Under Non-
Agriculture Use
Barren & Unculturable
Land
Permanent Pasture &
Other Grazing
Land
Amreli 6760 6720 339 385 225 471
Bhavanager 11155 9789 315 724 1017 709
Jamnagar 14125 10152 425 640 1562 774
Junagadh 10607 10561 1976 525 310 1115
Porbandar 11203 11042 359 698 1025 868
Gujarat State
196117 188118 18648 11414 26038 8491
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Culturable Wasteland
Other Fallow
Current Fallow
Net Area Sown
Area Sown More Then
Once
Total Cropped
Area
96 22 201 4981 234 5215
307 12 417 6288 206 6494
331 15 655 5750 181 5931
120 0 592 5923 550 6473
130 2 678 7282 323 7605
19818 131 9109 94989 12028 107017 Source: Census of India, 1991
4.6.8 Cultural Environment
Baseline Information on Cultural Environment is presented for the project corridor. This includes
heritage structures as well as those having local and regional significance.
4.6.8.1 Protected Sites & Monuments
There are three significant protected sites or monuments in the immediate vicinity of the project
corridor. Within the 10 km offset of the corridor the following monuments are of State level
significance.
Table 4.22: Protected and Conserved Monuments Located in the Project Districts
District Taluka Places of Interest /
Religious Importance Distance (in KM)
Bhavnagar Talaja Jain Temple 1.00
Junagadh Veraval Somnath Temple 1.00
Jamnagar Dwarka Krishna Temple 2.00
4.6.8.2 Cultural Properties of Local /Regional Significance
There are about 123 religious structures that exist along the project road; most of them are
stiuated within 30m from the edge of the carriageway. The widening has been designed such
that most of these structures remain unaffected or least affected due to the proposed project.
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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
This chapter presents the various alternatives considered for minimizing the impacts on natural,
social and cultural environments, at the preliminary design stage.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents a comparative analysis of various alternatives considered to avoid or
minimize impacts that would be inevitable if technically (based on design speed and geometrics)
best fit alignment is followed. Cross sections adopted for the upgradation component as
presented in Chapter 1 are flexible in design to avoid most of the impacts within ROW. An
analysis of various alternatives is attempted to arrive at the technically and environmentally best-
fit alternative considering environmental and project attributes
There are large settlements as seen in the baseline environmental scenario along the corridors,
where there is constricted ROW and traffic is higher leading to congestion, delay as well as
various environmental impacts. Such locations are identified for bypassing the through traffic.
Several alternatives are analyzed for avoiding localized environmental impacts & arriving at the
best-fit alignment. Screening procedure for road links & alignments are presented in the following
sections.
The project corridor passes through several urban & semi urban areas, which have series of
developments with residential and commercial activities. There are few major urban sections
along the project corridor namely Bhavanagar, Mahuva, Una, Kodinar, Veraval, Chorvad,
Mangrol, Porbandar and Dwarka.
In the rest of the urban areas as mentioned above, continuous developments have come up on
both sides almost in the entire length. The clear land width available between building lines at
these urban settlements is much less than the minimum land required to accommodate 6/4 lanes
plus service roads to segregate local traffic. Widening the project corridor through these urban
settlements not only cause traffic safety hazards, congestion, delay, but also pose severe
environmental and social concerns of resettlement and rehabilitation.
Thus the existing alignment of project corridor through these urban settlements experience
insufficient land width, traffic congestion, high VOC and low Level of Service (Los) for through
traffic, high potential for environmental degradation because of increase in noise and pollution
levels due to frequent breaking and acceleration of traffic. Above all there will be severe threat to
safety of pedestrians and road users. Hence, these urban areas qualify as potential candidates
for bypasses and realignments. The bypasses to these settlements will not only provide a better
level of service and economic benefits by way of reduced VOC's to through traffic, but will also
improve the level of service and safety of local traffic on existing road and improve environmental
conditions within the urban settlements.
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The project corridor does not suffer from much of the commercial activity and local traffic at
remaining minor settlements. The proposed improvements can be taken through all of the
remaining minor settlements without any major concern.
Elaborate description of bypasses and re-alignments is presented in subsequent sections of this
chapter.
5.2 WITH OR WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO
The with and without project scenarios are analysed with respect to the development of the state
by the backdrop of requirement of reliable quality infrastructure of sustained growth economy and
consequent well being of its citizens.
Providing better connectivity will ensure that goods and people from areas covered by the road
can move in and out of the areas quicker and save time. Inceased trade and commerce activity
are expected. Accounting just for the savings in the Vehicle Operation costs makes the project
viable. The project roads have been designed to connect the important settlements with shorter
& better road network. It provides greater impetus to religious and commercial establishments. It
has a very good tourism potential due to famous religious and tourist places. The industrial
activity will be getting a good boost due to this upgradation of the existing road to Gujarat
Government plan of developing industrial region. The industrial activity will give rise to
employment potential for people in and around the region. However, there would be an increase
in the vehicular pollution air and noise, in the vicinity of the road. Some agricultural land will have
to be diverted for road use to construct bypasses. In other settlements, some people will lose
there properties close to the road to accommodated the proposed widening.
If the project is not implemented, there is every likehood that the project rods will deteriorate
further. Only certain roads may be maintained regularly. There is every likehood of deterioration
of the existing pavements. Increased air pollution, due to slow moving traffic and congestion, will
follow. Noise levels will rise due to deterioration of the pavement as well as increased honking.
Without the bypass, the traffic would continue passing through the built-up areas and continue to
pose a safety risk for the residents in the already congested areas.
Therefore, the “with” project scenario, with its minor adverse impacts is more acceptable than the
“without” project scenario which would mean an aggravation of the existing problems. Potential
benefits of the proposed road improvements are substantial and far-reaching both in terms of the
geographical spread and time. Hence, it is clear that the implementation of the project will be a
definite advantage to project road in order to achieve all round development of its economy and
progress for its people.
5.3 ALIGNMENT SELECTION
Alignment selection was carried out on the basis of evaluation of various alternative alignments
for each bypass. The evaluation has been done both qualitatively and quantitatively for the
various factors influencing the selection process. These factors can be broadly grouped under
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main heads such as geometrics, cost, and social and environmental impacts. The qualitative
evaluation rates the alternative as less desirable, desirable, and most desirable against each
factor. The factors considered for qualitative comparison are:
Land availability
Effect on residential/commercial buildings
Ponds affected
Religious structures affected
Environmental Quality/ Ecology
Similarly quantitative evaluation was done for the following factors:
Route length
Length of agricultural land affected
Length of barren land affected
Number of road crossings
Pucca / Kutcha - commercial / residential structures affected
Telephone/Electric poles to be shifted
Total Cost
The following sections describe the bypasses/ realignments considered on the project road
5.4 ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS FOR BYPASSES
5.4.1 Bypasses Proposed by R&B
5.4.1.1 Comparative Studies for Bypass near Adhewada (Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000)
Adhewada Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000 Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000
Length along alignment 2.6 kms 2.62 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 85 Pucca – 5, Katcha – 3
Structures 1 Minor Bridge 1 Minor Bridge
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
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Fig 5.1: Adhewada Bypass
5.4.1.2 Comparative Studies for Bypass near Budhel (Km. 8.500 – Km. 11.060)
Budhel Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 8.500 – Km. 11.060 Km. 8.500 – Km. 11.060
Length along alignment 2.1 kms 2.32 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 200 Pucca – 5, Katcha – 10
Structures Flyover - 1 No. Flyover - 1 No.
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
Fig 5.2: Budhel Bypass Option
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5.4.1.3 Comparative Study for Bypass near Kobadi (Km. 14.540 to Km. 17.300)
Kobadi Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 14.540 – Km. 17.300 Km. 14.540 – Km. 17.300
Length along alignment 2.76 kms 2.99 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 140 Pucca – 5
Structures ---- ----
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
Fig 5.3: kobadi Bypass
5.4.1.4 Comparative Study for Bypass near Bhandaria (Km. 21.080 to Km. 23.000)
Bhandaria Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 21.080 – Km. 23.000 Km. 21.080 – Km. 23.000
Length along alignment 2.92 kms 3.68 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 135 Pucca – 5
Structures ---- ----
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
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Fig 5.4: Bhandaria Bypass Option
5.4.1.5 Comparative Study for Bypass near Tansa (Km. 28.650 to Km. 31.150)
Tansa Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 28.650 – Km. 31.150 Km. 28.650 – Km. 31.150
Length along alignment 2.5 kms 2.65 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 240 Pucca – 1
Structures ---- ----
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
Fig 5.5: Tansa Bypass Option
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5.4.1.6 Comparative Study for Bypass near Trapej (Km. 39.200 to Km. 41.050)
Trapej Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 39.200 – Km. 41.050 Km. 39.200 – Km. 41.050
Length along alignment 1.85 kms 1.73 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 210 Pucca – 3, Katcha – 3
Structures VUP – 1 No VUP – 2 Nos
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
Fig 5.6: Trapej Bypass Option
5.4.1.7 Comparative Study for Bypass near Una (Km. 180.400 to Km. 188.000)
Una
Option 1
Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt 1
Start/End Ch. Km. 180.400 – Km. 188.000 Km. 180.760 – Km. 187.750
Length along alignment 7.6 kms 8.9 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 500 Pucca – 15, Katcha – 10
Structures Major Bridge – 1 Major Bridge – 1
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Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
Fig 5.7: Una Bypass Option
5.4.2 Bypasses Proposed by STUP
5.4.2.1 Comparative Study for Bypass near Talaja (Km. 49.600 to Km. 53.500)
Talaja
Option 1 Option 2
Existing
Alignment Bypass_Alt 1
Existing
Alignment Bypass_Alt 2
Start/End Ch. Km. 49.600 –
Km. 53.500
Km. 49.600 –
Km. 53.500
Km. 48.200 –
Km. 54.500
Km. 48.200 –
Km. 54.500
Length along
alignment 3.9 kms 4.18 kms 6.3 kms 6.8 kms
Encroachments
Pucca – 50
Katcha – 10
Pucca – 10
Katcha – 1
Pucca – 75
Katcha – 10
Pucca – 2
Katcha – 10
Structures ---- Minor Bridge – 1No. ---- Major Bridge – 1 No.
Bypass alignment Alternative – 1 is recommended.
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Fig 5.8: Talaja Bypass Options
5.4.2.2 Comparative Study for Bypass near Bhadrad (Km. 85.610 to Km. 89.000)
Bhadrad
Option 1 Option 2
Existing
Alignment Bypass_Alt 1
Existing
Alignment Bypass_Alt 2
Start/End Ch. Km. 85.610 –
Km. 89.000
Km. 85.610 –
Km. 89.000
Km. 85.500 –
Km. 89.200
Km. 85.500 – Km.
89.200
Length along
alignment 3.39 kms 3.43 kms 3.7 kms 4.3 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 80
Pucca – 2
Katcha – 2
Pucca – 80 ----
Structures ---- Minor Bridge – 1No ---- Major Bridge – 1 No.
Bypass alignment Alternative – 1 is recommended.
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Fig 5.9: Bhadrad Bypass Options
5.4.2.3 Comparative Study for Bypass near Datardi (Km. 113.240 – Km. 115.450)
Datardi Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt1 Bypass_Alt2
Start/End Ch. Km. 113.240 –
Km. 115.450
Km. 113.240 –
Km. 115.450
Km. 113.240 –
Km. 115.450
Length along
alignment 2.21 kms 2.21 kms 2.41 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 50 Pucca – 3,
Katcha – 2 Katcha – 3
Structures Major Bridge – 1 No Minor Bridge – 1 No Minor Bridge – 1 No
Bypass alignment Alternative – 2 is recommended.
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Fig 5.10: Datardi Bypass Options
5.4.2.4 Comparative Study for Bypass near Hemal (Km. 157.200 to Km. 159.850)
Hemal
Option 1 Option 2
Existing
Alignment Bypass_Alt 1
Existing
Alignment Bypass_Alt 2
Start/End Ch. Km. 157.200 –
Km. 159.850
Km. 157.200 –
Km. 159.850
Km. 157.300 –
Km. 159.900
Km. 157.300 –
Km. 159.900
Length along
alignment 2.65 kms 2.93 kms 2.65 kms 2.7 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 90 ---- Pucca – 90 ----
Structures ---- ---- ---- ----
Bypass alignment Alternative – 1 is recommended.
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Fig 5.11: Hemal Bypass Options
5.4.2.5 Comparative Study for Bypass near Samter (Km. 174.025 – Km. 176.400)
Samter Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt1 Bypass_Alt2
Start/End Ch. Km. 174.025 –
Km. 176.400
Km. 174.025 –
Km. 176.400
Km. 173.900 –
Km. 176.300
Length along
alignment 2.4 kms 2.4 kms 2.6 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 50 Pucca – 1,
Katcha – 2
Pucca –1
Katcha –2
Structures Major Bridge – 1 No Major Bridge – 1 No Major Bridge – 1 No
Bypass alignment Alternative – 2 is recommended.
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Fig 5.12: Samter Bypass Options
5.4.2.6 Comparative Study for Bypass near Dholasa (Km. 204.950 to Km. 207.000)
Dholasa Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 204.950 – Km. 207.000 Km. 204.950 – Km. 207.000
Length along alignment 2.05 kms 2.3 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 300 Pucca – 6, Katcha – 4
Structures ---- Minor Bridge – 1 No.
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
Fig 5.13 Dholasa Bypass Option
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5.4.2.7 Comparative Study for Bypass near Chorwad (Km. 268.600 to Km. 271.400)
Chorwad Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 268.600 – Km. 271.400 Km. 268.400 – Km. 271.200
Length along alignment 2.8 kms 2.25 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 170 Pucca – 5, Katcha – 4
Structures ---- ----
Cost Will be incorporated later
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
Fig 5.14: Chorwad Bypass Option
5.4.2.8 Comparative Study for Bypass near Prachi (Km. 240.080 to Km. 243.390)
Prachi Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt1 Bypass_Alt2
Start/End Ch. Km. 240.080 –
Km. 243.390
Km. 240.080 –
Km. 243.390
Km. 240.080 –
Km. 243.390
Length along
alignment 3.31 kms 3.6 kms 4.5 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 70 Pucca – 2,
Katcha – 5 Katcha –3
Structures Minor Bridge – 1 No
Minor Bridge – 1 No
PUP – 1 No
Minor Bridge – 1 No
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Bypass alignment Alternative – 1 is recommended.
Fig 5.15: Prachi Bypass Options
5.4.2.9 Comparative Study for Bypass near Kukasawada (Km. 272.800 toKm. 276.550)
Kukasawada Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1
Start/End Ch. Km. 272.800 – Km. 276.550 Km. 272.800 – Km. 276.550
Length along alignment 3.75 kms 3.5 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 180 Katcha – 5
Structures ---- ----
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
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Fig 5.16: Kukasawada bypass Option
5.4.2.10 Comparative Study for Bypass near Madhavpur (Km. 308.600 to Km. 312.650)
Bhadrad
Option 1 Option 2
Existing
Alignment Bypass_Alt 1
Existing
Alignment Bypass_Alt 2
Start/End Ch. Km. 310.200 –
Km. 312.200
Km. 310.200 –
Km. 312.200
Km. 308.600 –
Km. 312.650
Km. 308.600 –
Km. 312.650
Length along
alignment 2.0 kms 2.1 kms 4.05 kms 3.6 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 225
Pucca – 5,
Katcha – 5
Pucca – 250,
Katcha – 20
Pucca - 1
Structures ---- ---- ---- ----
Bypass alignment alternative – 2 has been proposed.
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Fig 5.17: Madhavpur Bypass Options
5.4.2.11 Comparative Study for Bypass near Porbandar (Km. 356.860 to Km. 376.300)
Porbandar Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt1 Bypass_Alt2
Start/End Ch. Km. 356.860 –
Km. 376.300
Km. 356.860 –
Km. 376.300
Km. 356.860 – Km.
376.300
Length along
alignment 19.44 kms 21.3 kms 21.7 kms
Encroachments Pucca – 1200 Pucca – 10,
Katcha – 40 Katcha – 35
Structures Major Bridge – 2 No
Flyover – 1 No
Major Bridge – 2 Nos
Minor Bridge – 1 No
Flyover – 1 No
VUP – 1 No
Major Bridge – 3 Nos
Minor Bridge – 1 No
Flyover – 1 No
VUP – 1 No
Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.
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Fig 5.18: Porbandhar Bypass Options
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6. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
Community consultation has been taken up as an integral part of environmental assessment
process throughout the project preparation stage of this project.
Introduction
The public consultation is an important tool of information, dissemination and awareness creation
during the planning stage of the project. It provides valuable inputs regarding successful
implementation of the project besides ensuring public participation and involvement in the
process.
As per the requirements of the project, public consultations were conducted at strategic locations
in the month of April 2011. The purpose of conducting public consultations was to inform and
explain the features of the project including operational and safety requirements to local people
and to understand their concerns and perceptions with regard to adverse impact on their property
and assets, livelihood, social relations, access to various facilities and resources, etc. Before
conducting the public consultations, a reconnaissance survey of the project road was undertaken
to identify strategic locations for public consultations.
The project road as NH-8E starts from km 3.200 and ends at km 473.000 and as SH-25 starts at
km 231.000 and ends at km 261.100 and is approximately 500 kms. The project road is in the
state of Gujarat extending from Bhavnagar to Dwarka.
Public Consultation has been conducted in 11 villages on NH-8E from Bhavnagar to Dwarka in
the state of Gujarat between April 07, 2011 and April 13, 2011. The villages in which Public
consultation is conducted are indicated below:
Talaja
Bhadrod
Datardi
Hemal
Samter
Dolasa
Prachi
Chorwad
Kukaswada
Madhavpur
Porbandar
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Selection of Stakeholders
Various categories of stakeholders ranging from Project Affected Persons to government officials
to other opinion leaders were selected in order to discuss social and environmental impacts,
including the issue of resettlement and rehabilitation. The participants from several categories
were present during discussion and expressed their views
Elected representatives
PAPs
Government Official
Other stakeholders: businessmen, educationists, agriculturist, shopkeepers
Objective of Public Consultation Meetings
The purpose of the public consultation meetings was to promote public awareness and
understanding and purpose of the proposed project. The main objective of conducting meetings
was to disseminate information about the project and to notify stakeholders and provide
opportunities to participate in consultation and assessment process. The objectives of the public
consultation meetings were as follows
1) Disseminate the information about the proposed project to the general public
2) Create awareness about the project among the PAPs (Project Affected Persons)
3) Dispel the appearance of PAPs regarding the positive/adverse impact of the project.
4) Seek the suggestion of Gram Panchayat, PAPs and other stakeholders on the various
involved including those related to compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation, social
and environmental impacts.
5) To resolve the issues that has affect on common property.
Method of Information Dissemination
The team including social experts and meeting facilitator team had visited nearly all the affected
villages and requested primary and secondary Stakeholders to attend the meeting
Following were the methods used for notifying the meeting to the Participants
1. Face to face meetings were organized to disseminate the information.
2. Discussion at individual and group level
3. The stakeholders were also reminded to attend the meeting through personal phone calls
wherever possible.
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Public consultations were organized at a pre-fixed place and time. Keeping the public needs in
view, several consultations were conducted on the project road, details of which are as under:
Talaja
Public consultation has been conducted in Talaja on April 07, 2011. Two bypass alternatives
have been proposed for this town, Alternative-1 on RHS and Alternative-2 on LHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. Alignment alternative – 1 has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.
2. The alternative – 1 shall be modified so that the heavy structures shall not be required to
be demolished.
3. Alternative – 1 shall be suitably modified so that it shall pass behind the existing market
yard.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Bhadrod
Public consultation has been conducted in Bhadrod village on April 08, 2011. Two bypass
alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS and Alternative-2 on RHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. Bypass Alternative – 1 has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.
2. The bypass alternative shall be modified so that the alignment passes through
government land so as reduce the land acquisition.
3. Alternative – 1 passes through water-logging area. Hence, adequate cross-drainage
structures shall be provided based on hydrological studies to drain out the water into the
sea.
4. Adequate facility shall be provided at the start and end of bypass for entry to village and
exit from village to highway.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Datardi
Public consultation has been conducted in Datardi village on April 08, 2011. Two bypass
alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS and Alternative-2 on RHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. Bypass Alternative – 1 has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.
2. The bypass alternative shall be modified so that the alignment passes through
government land available in LHS.
3. Alternative – 1 passes through water-logging area. Hence, adequate cross-drainage
structures shall be provided based on hydrological studies to drain out the water into the
sea.
4. Adequate facility shall be provided at the start and end of bypass for entry to village and
exit from village to highway.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Hemal
Public consultation has been conducted in Hemal village on April 09, 2011. Two bypass
alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on RHS and Alternative-2 on LHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. The alternative of widening of existing highway though the village has been agreed by the
villagers.
2. An underpass with slip road shall be provided in the village for separation of through
traffic.
3. Adequate safety facilities required such as signs, street-lighting and road markings shall
be provided.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Samter
Public consultation has been conducted in Samter village on April 09, 2011. Two bypass
alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on RHS and Alternative-2 on LHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. The villagers have agreed for a bypass of Samter village.
2. The alternatives proposed shall be studied in detail and final alternative proposal shall
have less land acquisition.
3. Adequate facility shall be provided at the start and end of bypass for entry to village and
exit from village to highway.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Dolasa
Public consultation has been conducted in Dolasa village on April 10, 2011. One bypass
alternative have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. The bypass alternative has been unanimously agreed by the villagers
2. Adequate facility on the bypass shall be provided for movement of vehicles to and from
the village on access roads.
3. The alternative shall be passing thorough water-logging area. Hence, adequate cross-
drainage structures shall be provided based on hydrological studies to drain out the water
into the sea.
4. A comparative bypass alternative on RHS shall be studied and the most feasible among
both shall be proposed.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Prachi
Public consultation has been conducted in Prachi village on April 10, 2011. One bypass
alternative have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS and Alternative-2 on RHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. Bypass Alternative-1 has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.
2. Access road leading to Alidra village shall have a CD structure of adequate height so that
the structure shall be used as underpass during summer season.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Chorwad
Public consultation has been conducted in Chorwad village on April 11, 2011. One bypass
alternative have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on RHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. Bypass Alternative has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.
2. The ROW to be acquired shall be minimum as the bypass alignment passes though well
established coconut plantation.
3. The income generated per vigha (1624 sqm) is Rs. 1 lakh per annum and the market
value per vigha is ranging between 5 to 7 lakhs.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Kukaswada
Public consultation has been conducted in Kukaswada village on April 11, 2011. One bypass
alternative have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS as.
The public demands are as follows:
1. The alternative of widening of existing highway though the village has been agreed by the
villagers.
2. Utility ducts of 1.0m diameter with a spacing of 250m to be provided.
3. Adequate safety requirements have to be followed at School, bus stops, etc by providing
traffic signs, road markings and street lighting.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Madhavpur
Public consultation has been conducted in Madhavpur village on April 11, 2011. Two bypass
alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 & 2 on RHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. The alternative of widening of existing highway though the village has been agreed by the
villagers.
2. Existing geometry shall be maintained with no further curve improvement as existing
structures have already been dismantled for four laning of highway.
3. Adequate safety requirements have to be followed at School, bus stops, etc by providing
traffic signs, road markings and street lighting.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Porbandhar
Public consultation has been conducted in Porbandhar village on April 13, 2011. Two bypass
alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 & 2 on RHS.
The public demands are as follows:
1. Bypass Alternative – 1 has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.
2. The proposed alignment shall cross the existing NH – 8B beside the ITI campus.
3. The existing highway needs to be rehabilitated before handover.
4. The alignment passes through water-logging areas. Hence, adequate cross drainage
structures shall be provided based on hydrological studies.
5. Grade separation as an underpass or flyover shall be provided at the crossings of
national and state highways.
The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:
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Main Findings and Observations
Through active participations of the stakeholders, key issues relating to social and environmental
impacts, compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation were identified and discussed during the
public consultation. Certain observations as they emerged from various public consultations may
be summarized as follows:
Majority of the participants likely to get affected were not opposed to the widening of the road
and are convinced with the advantages that accrue with the 6/4/2 laning of the road like
distribution of the presently high traffic load, reduction in number of accidents, lesser fuel
consumption and time saving.
Majority of participants from various villages have agreed for the bypass proposal.
There is a common demand of construction of underpasses and elevated roads / flyovers in
major built up areas and provision of bus shelters. Appropriate measures for controlling the
accidents were also demanded, like signboards, road markings and street lighting before the
built-up areas etc.
With regards to R&R and environmental issues, the following concerns were raised by the
participants
The mode of compensation for land acquisition
Provision of employment in project construction works to Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
Environment protection and pollution control
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7. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS
This chapter assesses the nature, type and magnitude of the potential impacts likely on the
various physical, biological and cultural environmental components along the project corridor.
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Road widening projects have typical potential impacts though these vary in accordance with the
intensity of construction works involved, future scenario envisaged during the operation stage
and the importance attached to the impacted environmental attributes. Since the project involves
widening of the existing NH-8E from existing two lane to 6/4/2 lane with paved shoulder, most of
the impacts will be confined to the proposed RoW. Subsequent sections detail out the likely
impacts on various environmental components.
7.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Meteorology: By and large, no significant change is expected in the macro-climatic setting
(precipitation, temperature and wind) of the corridor due to the project. However, the
microclimate is likely to be modified due to removal of roadside trees and addition of increased
pavement surface. In addition, temporary loss of shade giving roadside trees will cause
discomfort to the slow moving traffic and pedestrians.
Physiography & Terrain: The project corridor traverses through plain to rolling terrain. A large
stretch of the road passes through agricultural and barren lands. Widening to 6/4 lane will involve
large quantities of earthwork as fill materials. Such modifications in the topography may lead to
drainage problems both along the project corridor and at the borrow area sites.
Soil: The widening of the road to 6/4 lane would require acquisition of agriculture lands at places
where the presently available RoW is inadequate to accommodate the proposed improvements.
Establishment of labour camps, hot mix plants and movement of construction machinery shall
avoid ecologically sensitive locations and Construction and allied activities such as setting up of
construction camps and movement of vehicle along haul roads would result in compaction of soil.
Disposal of oil wastes from vehicle and construction equipment maintenance yards shall also
lead to contamination of productive soil.
Borrow Areas: The investigation was aimed at locating the potential borrow areas for sub-grade/
embankment fill and granular sub-base along the project corridors within economic hauling
distance. To obtain this information regarding probable borrow pits along the corridor and to
obtain this objective, field surveys have been carried out. Based on the information received and
field surveys, the consultants identified the borrow areas which are new ones /existing ones
belonging to the government or public. This material has been explored for construction of
embankment and subgrade.
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7.2.1 Borrow Pits for Construction of Embankment and Sub-grade
The sources identified as potential borrow sources are shown in Table 7.1 and include certain
useful information such as, distance from the project road, location, village name etc. Borrowing
soil from these areas would require prior approval of the local authorities, negotiations with
private people. Soil samples from these borrow sources were collected in bulk quantities by
excavating test pits down up to 1.0 m depth from the existing ground surface. The Top organic
soil layer of approximately 100 mm thickness was removed before sampling.
Table 7.1: Probable Soil Borrow Pits
Sr. No. Name of Borrow Area Location Lead Distance to the
Project Road in km
1 Sanodar at km 24. 400 Sanodar 1.000 Km
2 At km 25.700 Kachha 300 m
3 Bapasara at km 45.800 Bapasara 300 m
4 Vavadi at km 26.240 Vavadi 500 m
The probable impacts of soil borrow pits are indicated below:
1. The borrow areas located in agriculture lands deprives the cultivation of the area and disturbs
top soil containing high nutrients.
2. The soil erosion for borrow areas leads to sedimentation / silt flowing along the adjacent
cultivated lands.
3. The borrow areas also triggers impact on safety of animals / cattle even if it si fenced before
the redevelopment of borrow area (either leveling of monts/ storing of water for agriculture/
water for irrigation).
4. During excavation, the excavator emanates dust with a fine organic silt content between 2 to
10 microns which affects nearby communities.
5. Borrow area also triggers impacts on natural drains and subsequent irrigation meandering
channels.
7.2.2 Quarries for Aggregates
Aggregates to be used for base, surface courses and concrete works have been collected from
the crushers under operation in the existing quarries. The locations and the approximate distance
from each source to the nearest point on the Project Road are compiled in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates
Sr.No Chainage Side Distance Location
1 9.000 Left 2 Km Bhikada
2 Kobadi Left 3 Km Ukhalla
3 51.000 Right 10 Km Palitana Road
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Sr.No Chainage Side Distance Location
4 189.000 Left 1 Km near Una
5 204.000 Right 5 Km Near Dolasa
6 242.000 Right 5 Km Rampara
7 331.000 Left 2 km
8 408.000 Right 6 Km
The impacts of Quarry sites are indicated below:
1. Quarry operation triggers impacts mainly on air and noise pollution besides blasting of rocks
endangers the community / grazing cattles in and around 3 kms (fly rock distance)
2. Impacts are due to irregular shape of quarrying operations affecting natural drainage. The
secondary impacts are due to transportation of aggregates through haulage roads.
3. The flora and fauna of the quarry area operations are significantly impacted.
7.2.3 Quarries for Sand
Sand samples have been collected from three sand sources and tested. Table 7.3 indicates the
location of these sand quarries along with the lead to Project Road.
Table 7.3: Details of Sand Quarry
Existing km Source of Sand
51.000 Shetranji
134.200 Datakdi
7.2.4 Water Resources
Impacts envisaged on water resources due to proposed improvements are:
Loss of existing water sources
Loss of water storage capacity
Increased pressure over available resources
Deterioration of water quality and
Drainage impact
Loss of water sources: Widening of the road width may result in partial and full filling of
roadside water bodies like ponds and ditches. Most of the ditches and ponds that are likely to be
impacted are non-perennial. The ditches along the project road are borrow areas from which soil
had been taken while constructing the existing road. Some of these lie within the proposed ROW
and are to be filled up. The ponds are mainly privately owned and are quite big in size. Both the
ponds and ditches are used for domestic purposes like washing, cleaning etc.
Efforts have been made to minimize the impacts on these surface water bodies. Reduction of the
area of these surface water bodies will be a moderate long-term negative impact during the
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construction and operation stage of the project. There are also loss of other water extraction
sources like hand pumps and bore wells due to widening of road.
Increased pressure on available resources: Seven surface water rivers have been identified
as likely water sources for construction. The suitability of these identified water sources and
availability of water during extraction is to be checked before incorporation of construction works
as per IS 456-2000. In addition water may also be sourced from new bore wells. During lean
season competitive uses of water from these sources may be adversely affected.
Deterioration of water quality: Pollution of water resources can result from the following
highway related sources. However, the impacts are dependent on the scale of pollution and the
nature of receptors. The likely pollutants, sources and receptors are presented in Table-7.4.
Table 7.4: Water Contaminants, sources & receptors
Sl. No. Contaminants Highway related Sources Receiving water bodies
1. Sediment Erosion from exposed land surfaces
during and after construction. Surface water bodies
2. Oils and Grease Primarily from parked vehicles, fueling
and repair stations Surface water bodies
3. Heavy metals Vehicle exhaust Surface & Ground water
4. Debris Litter Surface water bodies
5. Fertilizers, Pesticides,
and Herbicides
Fertilizers applied for establishment of
turf on embankments Surface water bodies
Drainage Impacts: As per the bridge condition survey there are 550 cross drainage structures in
the project corridor. Out of these, 30 Major Bridges (Total length > 60.0 m), 204 are Minor
Bridges (6.0 m <= Total Length <= 60.0m) and the remaining 316 structures are culverts.
Improvement measures include rehabilitation of existing structures as well construction of new
structure to house the proposed additional lanes.
During the construction of the new structures, there are chances of the waterways getting
blocked due to the haphazard dumping of the construction materials and wastes.
7.2.5 Air Quality
Construction Stage: Potential impacts on the air quality during the construction stage will be
due to the fugitive dust and the exhaust gases generated in and around the construction
equipments and ground related activities such as crushing sites, hot-mix and asphalt plants, etc.
The ambient Air quality is likely to be impacted due to activities such as site clearance, stone
crushing, dumping of fill materials, earthwork etc which will create dust in the construction area
and its vicinity. This will affect the health of the construction workers and dwellers with in the near
by vicinity of the construction activities. The impacts anticipated on the air quality during the
construction stage, though significant, will be short-term impacts.
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Operation Stage: The improved road quality will lead to induced traffic on the corridor. This
additional increase in the number of vehicles will result in a slow but steady increase in the air
pollution levels and pollutant concentrations.
Mitigation Measures
The mitigation/management measures proposed as a part of the project are likely to improve the
air quality scenario along the corridor during the operation stage. Tree plantation as per the
proposed road landscape strategy will help to attenuate the air pollution levels. The tree species
suggested include broad-leaved tree species, which can help settle particulates with their higher
surface areas and thick foliage and reduce the distance for which particulates are carried from
the road itself. This measure is of specific importance in context of the high SPM concentrations
as predicted in some of the receptor locations.
Other measures such as the reduction of vehicular emissions, ensuring vehicular maintenance
and up-keep, educating drivers about driving behavior / methods that will reduce emissions are
beyond the scope of the project but will be far more effective in reducing the pollutant levels.
Apart from provision of the mitigation measures, their effectiveness and further improvement in
designs to reduce the pollutant levels with increase in traffic shall be monitored. A monitoring
plan to this affect will be prepared as a part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
7.2.6 Noise Levels
Construction Stage: Due to the various construction activities, there will be temporary noise
impacts in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor. The construction activities will include the
excavation for foundations and grading of the site and the construction of structures and facilities.
However construction noise is generally intermittent and depends on the type of operation,
location and function of the equipment.
Operation Stage: During the operation stage the noise generated by vehicles will have adverse
impact on residents of settlements located close to the corridor. Apart from the dwelling areas the
sensitive receptors consisting of occupants at educational institutions and hospitals will also be
impacted.
Mitigation Measures
The mitigation/management measures proposed as a part of the project are likely to reduce the
noise levels along the corridor during the operation stage. Vegetative noise barriers have been
proposed in front of the schools and hospitals depending on the space available. 3 rows of trees
have been proposed with each row comprising of 10-15 trees. The predicted noise levels are
marginally above the norms in most cases, so provisions of separate noise barrier for receptors
is not called for. The green cover recommended will be sufficient to attenuate ambient noise
levels to comply with relevant standards.
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Roadside Trees
Roadside trees within the existing RoW in certain stretches of the project road have been notified
as Protected forest.
The roadside plantations consist of mature trees on either side of the project corridor.
Predominant roadside tree species include Babool, Neem, Peepal and Banyan.
For roadside trees that are demarcated as Notified Protected forests, an application is to be
submitted to the State Forest Department for tree cutting (as per Forest Conservation Act 1980).
A joint verification of trees will be carried out in presence of concerned Forest officials before tree
cutting.
7.2.7 Fauna
Only commonly found fauna are present in the area. The project road does not contain any
endangered or threatened species close to the project highway and does not pass through any
sensitive wildlife / protected areas. No animal crossings have been reported or observed along
the stretch. Thus, there will be no major impact on the fauna of the area.
7.3 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
The social environment consists of the lands, buildings, and other community owned assets
including utilities. The proposed widening along the existing corridor will include one or more of
the following impacts:
Removal of encroachments and squatters and
Acquisition of land and structures – residential, commercial, institutional, agricultural, etc.
This would lead to affecting livelihood and community access to the roadside communities.
However, the options for the proposed widening will be finalized with a thrust to minimize the
impact on structures and other properties.
The likely social impacts have been analyzed based on the number of assets impacted and area
to be acquired under various land uses. This has been discussed in the RAP Report.
7.3.1 Impact on Educational Institutes and Hospitals
The details of educational institutes getting affected due to widening of existing highway are
indicated in table 7.5.
Table 7.5: Roadside Schools along project corridor
Sr. No Existing Km Side Extent of Impact
1 36.700 Left Affected
2 44.650 Right Affected
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Sr. No Existing Km Side Extent of Impact
3 61.500 Left Affected
4 92.375 Right Affected
5 97.700 Right Affected
6 98.630 Right Affected
7 98.700 Left Affected
8 99.600 Right Affected
9 107.400 Left Affected
10 116.900 Left Affected
11 118.000 Left Affected
12 148.600 Left Affected
13 160.500 Left Affected
14 182.750 Right Affected
15 177.600 Left Affected
16 188.450 Right Affected
17 196.600 Right Affected
18 211.900 Left Affected
19 232.400 Left Affected
20 237.200 Left Affected
21 251.300 Left Affected
22 256.400 Left Affected
7.3.2 Impact on Cultural Environment
52 religious structures are being affected due to widening of the project road. Apart from these,
many shrines are found to be present within the proposed ROW. The affected temples are to be
relocated. The details are presented in Table 7.6.
Table 7.6: Roadside Religious Properties along project corridor
Sl.No Chainage Temples / Dargas
LHS RHS
1 4.000 1
2 8.000 1
3 8.100 1
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Sl.No Chainage Temples / Dargas
LHS RHS
4 11.800 1
5 32.000 1
6 35.400 1
7 36.700 1
8 43.400 1
9 47.950 1
10 49.500 1
11 54.100 1
12 55.700 1
13 61.900 2
14 64.700 1
15 85.100 1
16 93.050 1
17 95.700 1
18 101.900 1
19 103.100 1
20 104.100 1
21 112.200 1
22 113.600 1 1
23 120.800 1
24 144.000 1
25 148.700 1
26 149.300 1
27 149.600 1
28 153.800 1
29 167.400 1
30 170.400 1
31 172.300 1
32 178.700 1
33 207.000 1
34 213.700 1
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Sl.No Chainage Temples / Dargas
LHS RHS
35 216.100 1
36 221.000 1
37 225.200 1
38 226.950 1
39 228.000 1
40 243.300 1
41 247.600 1
42 252.800 1
43 255.800 1
44 448.200 1
45 463.500 1
46 472.200 1
47 234.100 1
48 225.500 2 1
49 256.500 1
These impacts are assessed for each environmental component and environmental mitigation
measures / avoidance of negative impacts is proposed. The environmental management plans,
itemwise / sequentially prepared is to be followed by the Concessionaire during preconstruction
and construction phases.
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8. MITIGATION MEASURES
This chapter presents mitigation and management measures to address likely impacts on
identified environmental components due to the proposed project development. The description
is an overview of the specific measures provided in the EMP. The Chapter finally presents the
environmental costs for mitigating adverse impacts.
The following subsections details the mitigation measures that need to be undertaken during
different project stages. They are required to minimize the negative impacts and enhance the
positive impacts of the project on the surrounding environment. The mitigation measures revolve
around various alternatives during the design phase, pre-construction, construction and
operation phase of the road project; incorporating the following:
The “standard design” of various road sections is arrived at detailed deliberation between
highway design and social-environmental team.
“General measures” to mitigate negative impacts on the natural, socio-economic and cultural
environment, based on the characteristic features (existing environmental settings and
assessment of probable impacts) of the project corridor.
Specific design solutions in the section that is found to be sensitive including formulation of
special provisions to ensure sensitive construction methods that take place in critical sections or
areas.
8.1 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS
8.1.1 Land Resources
No major changes in the topography are envisaged along the project corridor. However,
requirement of materials shall necessitate creation of new borrow and quarry pits. Rehabilitation
of such sites after use, by smoothening the steep slopes and covering them with vegetation or
converting them into water body shall form a part of this project. Similarly, fresh embankments
created at the site shall be covered with dredged earth for turfing of the slopes, in order to
prevent erosion of the murram casing, for minimizing the runoff and stabilizing the embankment.
8.1.2 Soil Resources
Due to widening of the project corridor, adverse impacts on the soil include: loss of topsoil,
increase in soil erosion, soil instability, tipping of spoils generated from construction work and
contamination of soil. Following are the measures needed to minimize the adverse impacts:
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1). Conservation of Topsoil:
The topsoil shall be stripped upto a depth of 15
cm at all locations opened up for construction. The
stripped topsoil should be carefully stockpiled at
suitable accessible locations approved by the PIU.
At least 10% of the temporarily acquired area shall
be earmarked for storing topsoil
The stockpiles for storing the topsoil shall be
designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2
(vertical to horizontal), and the height of the pile is restricted to 2m. A minimum distance of 1m is
required between stockpiles of different materials
In the cases where the topsoil has to be preserved
for more than a month, the stockpile is to be
stabilized within 7 days of forming. The
stabilization shall be carried out through
temporary seeding. It consists of planting rapid-
growing annual grasses or small grains, to provide
initial, temporary cover for erosion control.
After spreading the topsoil on disturbed areas, topsoil must be seeded, and mulched within 30
days of final grading.
During construction, if erosion occurs from stockpiles due to their location in small drainage
paths, the sediment-laden runoff should be prevented from entering nearby watercourses.
Preservation of Stockpiles: The contractor shall
preserve the stockpile material for later use on
slopes or shoulders as instructed by the engineer.
Spreading back of topsoil: The area to be
covered with vegetation shall be prepared to the
required levels and slope. The stockpile material
shall be spread evenly to a depth of 5-15cm to the
designed slopes and watering the same as
required. The growth of the vegetation shall be
monitored at frequent intervals.
All temporary arrangements made for stockpile preservation and erosion control are to be
removed after reusing the stockpile material.
2). Erosion Control Protection
Stabilization of High Embankment Slopes:
Locate stockpiles in …
A secure area away from
- Grade, Subsoil & Overburden materials;
- Pit activities; and
- Day-to-day operations.
Areas that do not interfere with future pit expansion
Areas away from drainage paths and uphill of
sediment barriers.
Vegetative material for stockpile stabilisation…
Must consist of grasses, legumes, herbaceous, or
woody plants or a mixture thereof
Selection & use of vegetative cover to take into
account soil and site characteristics such as
drainage, pH, nutrient availability, and climate to
ensure permanent growth
Preserving stockpiles – Precautions
Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded
and multiple handing will be kept to a minimum to
ensure that no compaction will occur.
Divert runoff around stockpiles unavoidably located
in drainage paths using a perimeter bank uphill.
The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or
tarpaulin immediately in case they are not stored for
periods longer than 1 month
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Slope of the road embankment shall be 1:2, which will reduce the possibilities of slope failure.
Further to stabilize the slope, vegetative cover as per box 8.1 shall be done.
Box-8.1: Detailed specifications for Vegetative cover
Description:
The vegetative cover should be planted in the region where the soil has capacity to support the plantation and at
locations where meteorological conditions favours vegetative growth.
Site Preparation:
To prevent the seeds from washing away subsequent to sowing, area should be protected with surface roughening
and diversions.
Soil samples should be taken from the site and analysed for fertiliser and lime requirements.
Seed Application:
The seed should be sown uniformly as soon as preparation of the seedbed has been completed.
No seed should be sown during windy weather, or when the ground surface is wet, or when not tillable.
Maintenance:
During first six weeks, the planting should inspected by the PIU, to check if the growth is uniform and dense.
Appropriate moisture levels shall be maintained. There may be requirement of watering the plantings regularly during
the dry seasons. Fertiliser and pest control applications may also be needed from time to time.
In case slope is steeper than 1:2, stone
pitching (Figure 8.2) will be done.
Stones will be fixed on slopes by gentle
hammering. A P.C.C. anchor will be
provided at the base, which will prevent
sliding of stones on slope. The gaps
between adjacent stones allow grass to
grow which will hold the soil firmly
together.
To check the slope stabilisation of
borrow pits adjacent to the embankment, the depth of the pit will be so regulated that the bottom
edge of pit shall not intersect the imaginary line of slope 1:4 drawn from the top edge of the
nearest embankment. To avoid embankment slippage and erosion, borrow pits shall not be dug
continuously.
3). Measures to minimize Soil Contamination
Reduction and management of spoil
Construction activities will generate a lot of spoil as the cut and fill quantities will not be balanced.
The solid waste generated will be used in road construction to the extent possible. The top soil
will be used in median for turfing and also in embankments for slope stabilization. Also extra
waste will be used to level the site of construction camp in the hilly section.
Figure 8.1 Stone Pitching
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Construction Stage
Cut and fill works will be carried out strictly in accordance with the design drawings.
Contamination of soil from fuel and lubricants
With an increase in the traffic volume, the contamination of the soil adjacent to the highway is
likely, even though the effect will be very localized.
Construction Stage
At the various construction sites, the vehicles and equipment
will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel
spillage does not contaminate the soil. It will be ensured that
the fuel storage and refueling sites are kept at least 300m
away from drainage channels and important water bodies. In
all fuel storage and refueling areas located on agricultural
lands or productive lands, the topsoil preservation shall be
carried out. At the wash down and refueling areas, “oil
interceptors” as shown in Figure 8.2, shall be provided. The oil
interceptor works on the principle: the grease and oil being
lighter in weight float on the top surface of the wastewater. Hence, oil and grease can be scum
and be disposed in environmentally sound fashion.
Operation Stage
Probability of contamination of soil being only from the road runoff, which is regulated by well-
designed drains, no impact on the soil during operation stage except in case of accidents, is
anticipated.
Contamination of soil from Construction wastes and quarry materials
Pre-construction Stage
The generation of spoil materials has been minimized. For the disposal of spoils, low-lying areas
or quarries with extra storage capacity have been proposed for storage.
Construction Stage
It will be required that the cut and fill works are carried out strictly in accordance to the design
drawings. Earth, if required, will be dumped in selected area approved by the PIU. All spoils will
be disposed off as desired and the site will be fully cleaned before handing over. Non-bituminous
wastes from construction activities will be dumped in borrow pits and covered with a layer of the
conserved topsoil. Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved
by the PIU.
Figure 8.2 Oil Interceptor
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8.1.3 Water Resources
Surface Water Body
A number of ponds and ditches will be affected due to the proposed alignment. Mitigation
measures as suggested below are to be undertaken at the locations.
The ditches are situated within the existing RoW, thus they are to be filled up.
For the loss of private ponds, compensation is to be provided to the owners.
In case of partially filled ponds, reconstruction of earthen embankment is to be undertaken to
protect the embankment from erosion with turfing/pitching or construction of retaining wall.
While working around or near the water body following measures shall be undertaken:
Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed near all the ponds for collecting the
sediments before letting them into the water body.
Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes
where they have to be revegetated.
Alternate drain inlets and outlets shall be provided in the event of closure of existing drainage
channels of the water body.
Movement of machinery, workforce shall be restricted around the water body and no waste
from construction camps or sites shall be disposed into it.
Run off Control / Drainage
To ensure efficient drainage system
and to prevent water logging along
the sides, adequate size and number
of cross-drainage structures have
been provided. All cross-drainage
structures have been designed to
handle a 50-year peak flood level as
per IRC: 5 – 1998 (Standard
Specifications and Code of Practice
for Road Bridges Section I), IRC: SP-
13 – 1973 (Guidelines for the Design
of Small Bridges and Culverts), IRC:
78-2000, (Standard Specifications
and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges Section VII).
At the location high embankment or bridge approaches, Chute Drains shall be provided to drain
the surface runoff and prevent erosion from the slopes. Detailed specifications are mentioned in
Figure 8.28.3. (Refer IRC SP: 50 – 1999, Guidelines on Urban Drainage; IRC SP: 42 – 1994,
Guidelines on Road Drainage for detailed drainage design)
E M B A N K M E N T IS M O R E TH A N 3 .0 m TO C H U TE W H E R E
H E IG H T O F E N E R G Y D IS S IP A TIO N B A S IN A T TO E
D IS S IP A TIO N B A S IN P L A N O F E N E R G Y S ID E V IE W O F
B A S IN
S E C TIO N O N B - B D R A IN A G E C H U TE
S E C TIO N O N C - C
F R O N T V IE W
S TO N E P ITC H IN G O N S ID E S L O P E
F R O N T E L E V A TIO N
P L A
N
S E C TIO N A T A - A D E TA IL S O F B E L L M O U TH
O P E N IN G
Figure 8.28.3: Channelised Embankment: Chute Drain
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During the progress of work, the contractor will remove obstructions that may cause any
temporary flooding of local drainage channels during construction. No spoil or construction
material will be stored outside the proposed RoW or at places obstructing the natural drainage
system.
In project corridor along watercourses, and locations close to cross-drainage channels, the
contractor will ensure that earth; stone or any other construction material shall be disposed off
immediately at the designated landfill site so as to avoid blocking the flow of water along those
channels. Silt fencing (Box 8.2) shall be provided at construction sites in proximity of water
bodies. Warning posts for notice of public against entry into the stream channels while
construction shall be erected.
During the operation phase following measures need to be undertaken:
Inspection (as per IRC SP: 18-1978, Manual for Highway Bridge Maintenance Inspection) and
cleaning of drains / culverts shall be done they gets choked with silt/debris and growth of
vegetative cover over the accumulated debris.
Box – 8.2: Detailed Specifications For Silt Fencing
Description:
Silt fencing is as temporary sediment barrier made of woven, synthetic filtration fabric supported by steel or wood post.
The purpose of the silt fence is to prevent sediment carried by sheet flow from leaving the site and entering to natural
drainage or any other water body located near the construction site. Silt fencing encourages the sheet flow and
reduces the potential for development of rills and gullies. Care should be taken that silt fences are not installed across
streams, ditches, waterways or other concentrated flow areas. All silt fencing should be installed along the contour,
never up or down a slope. Where all the sheet flow run off is to be stored behind the silt fence, maximum slope length
should not exceed as shown in the table 2
Criteria For Silt Fence Placement
Land Slope (%) Maximum Slope Length (Above the fence in m)
< 2 30.0
2 to 5 22.5
5 to 10 15.0
10 to 20 7.5
> 20* 4.5
* In areas where slope is greater than 20 %, a flat area length of 3.0 m between the toe of
the slope and the fence should be provided
Construction Specification:
Silt fencing (Refer Figure 8.4 for Cross-section) consists of 1.0 m wide filter fabric and should be placed on the
contour. Incase runoff flow or velocities are very high or where slope exceed vertical height of 3.0 m, silt fencing should
be wire reinforced. The contractor should purchase silt fencing in a continuous role to the length of the barrier to avoid
the use of joint. Incase of joints, filter cloth should be spliced together only at supporting post, with minimum 15 cm
overlap and securely sealed. The pile is drive to the depth of 300 mm into the ground by pressing from the top. The
frame will be installed at the edge of stockpiles and at the water bodies along which construction is in progress.
Inspection:
The PIU will inspect location as well as efficiency of silt fencing. The inspection should be done after every 15 days
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and incase of storm water, within 24 hours after the end of rain.
Maintenance:
The contractor should remove sediments, once it has accumulated to one-half the original height of the fence. Filter
fabric should be replaced whenever it has deteriorated to such an extent that the effective of the fabric is reduced. Silt
fence should remain in place until disturb areas have been permanently stabilized. All the sediments accumulated and
properly disposed of before the fence is removed. The operation of removing and disposing have to be monitored by
the PIU or Engineer In-charge.
Side View
Fabric (Woven Wire
Fence Baking)
Front View
Figure 8.4: Cross-section of Silt Fencing
Figure 8.5: Layout Plan of Silt Fencing
Prevention of Water Quality Degradation
Following are the measures that need to be undertaken to prevent contamination of water body
during the progress of work and also during the operation phase of the project corridor:
To prevent the entry of the surface run-off from fuel and other contaminants into the wells and
other surface water bodies along the corridor, settling ponds and oil receptors shall be
constructed.
All the diversion and bunds shall be removed such that there should be minimum amount of
sediment generation.
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All wastes arising from the project shall be disposed off at identified disposal sites in
environmentally sound manner.
No vehicles or equipment shall be parked or refueled near the water-body, so as to avoid
contamination from fuel and lubricants.
At the construction camps, the sewage system shall be properly designed and built so that no
water pollution takes place close to any water body or watercourse.
8.1.4 Air Pollution Control Measures
During the progress of work, construction equipments and plants always have an impact on the
environment. The impact can be due to the emissions, dust, noise and oil spills that concern the
safety and health of the workers, surrounding settlements and environment as a whole. Following
measures need to be undertaken to address the air pollution during the progress of work:
Construction Stage
Selecting the site for plant area and parking lot for equipments and vehicles as per Box 8.3.
Box 8.3: Siting of Plant Area / Parking Lot
Avoid the following … Prefer the following …
Lands within 500m of habitations
Irrigated agricultural lands
Lands within 100m of community water bodies and
water sources as rivers
Lands within 100m of watercourses
Grazing lands and lands with tenure rights
Waste lands
Community lands not used for beneficial purposes
Lands with an existing access road
Acquiring “No Objection Certificate (NoC)” from the Gujarat State Pollution Control Board
before setting up crusher, hot-mix plant and generator.
Ensuring all vehicles must possess Pollution under Control (PUC) Certificate and shall be
renewed accordingly.
During the progress of work to minimize -the dust generation, emissions and noise measures
as per Table 8.1 shall be undertaken.
Table 8.1: Measures to minimize air pollution during the progress of work
Concern Causes Measures
Dust
Generation
Vehicle
Movement
Water sprinkling
Fine Materials shall be Transported in Bags or Covered by Tarpaulin during
Transportation
Tail board shall be properly closed & sealed
Crushers Water Sprinkling
Concrete-mix
Plant Educate the workers for following good practices while material handling
Emissions
Hot-Mix Plant
Site Selection as per Clause 6.5.2, Section 6.5, IRC Manual for Construction &
Supervision of Bitumen Work
Regular maintenance of Dust Collector as per manufacture schedule
Vehicles Regular maintenance as per manufacture schedule
Generators Exhaust vent of long length
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Concern Causes Measures
Noise
Heavy load
vehicles Exhaust silencer, Regular maintenance as per manufacture schedule
Crushers Siting as per Box 78-3
Generators Shall be kept in closed room and regular maintenance as per manufacture
schedule
Operational Stage
During the operation stage to control emission due to vehicle movement, following measures need to
be undertaken:
By enhancing tree plantation along the project corridor.
Vehicles traveling on the highway should conform to vehicular emission norms.
Vehicular emissions of critical pollutants (SPM, RSPM, CO, SO2, NOx) will be monitored with
regular maintenance of roadside tree plantation.
A monitoring of the effectiveness of the pollution attenuating barriers will be taken up after 5
years from the planting of roadside trees. Based on the results, recommendation for any
changes in the mitigation measures or suggestion of additional measures shall be made.
8.1.5 Noise Control Measures
Construction Stage
The plants and equipment used for construction shall strictly conform to existing noise norms.
Vehicles and equipments used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing
operations (as per manufacture schedule), the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be
checked and incase of any defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any item of plants
(measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors,
rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes, vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as
specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.
In construction sites within 150m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as
crushing, concrete mixing, batching will be stopped during the night time between 9:00 p.m. and
6:00 a.m. No noisy construction activities will be permitted around the silence zones, a distance
of 100m from the sensitive receptors as hospitals, educational institutions etc. Blasting will be
carried out as per The Explosives Rules, 1983. Prior intimation of operational hours of the
blasting will be given to the people living near such blasting sites. Blasting will not be undertaken
in night hours.
To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial
enterprises will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with protective devices such
as earplugs.
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Operational Stage
Noise Barriers:
Noise barriers have been proposed at specific receptor locations along the corridor based on the
receptor, number of users, availability of space for the barrier and predicted noise levels. The
following types of noise barriers have been considered for noise attenuation.
Physical barriers in the form of walls
Rearrangement of the sensitive locations, through changes in the internal planning where
possible
Vegetative barriers in the form of thick screen of vegetation
An evaluation of the various types of noise barriers have been made and based on their
suitability and extent of noise attenuation, feasible noise barriers have been proposed for the
project.
Physical Barriers: attenuate noise level up to a maximum of 20 dB(A). As they do not require
any large space, they can be easily constructed. However, there are a few drawbacks.
High cost involved in the construction of the barriers
Such barriers cause severence on either side of the highway
Such barrier facilitates opportunistic encroachment for urban squatters.
Vegetative Barriers: attenuate noise level up to a maximum of 10dB(A). These barriers require
a considerable area and for attenuation of 10 dB(A) they require a depth of 40m.
Other measures for noise level reduction like structural modifications or change in the internal
layout of these locations calls for consultation with the community.
During the operation stage, to minimize the impacts due to the noise generated by the vehicles,
for institutional areas and hospitals located along the road side institutional plantations have
been recommended. Also since the volume of projected traffic being not that significant,
structural barriers have not been recommended. The details of locations where vegetative noise
barriers have been proposed are presented in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2: Locations proposed for Vegetative Barriers
Sr. No Existing Km Side
1 9.460 Left
2 21.900 Left
3 29.700 Right
4 30.085 Right
5 39.570 Right
6 52.300 Left
7 86.776 Right
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Sr. No Existing Km Side
8 91.000 Left
9 91.150 Left
10 158.600 Right
11 174.950 Right
12 182.700 Left
13 182.800 Left
14 185.000 LHS
15 192.850 Right
16 201.500 Left
17 206.050 Left
18 268.360 Right
19 274.400 Left
20 278.300 Right
21 278.800 RHS
22 278.850 Left
23 288.250 Right
24 288.700 Left
25 288.900 Left
26 295.200 Right
27 300.480 LHS
28 310.000 Right
29 322.100 Right
30 332.300 Right
31 344.000 Left
32 367.800 Right
33 369.400 Right
34 379.800 Left
35 385.500 Left
36 397.400 Right
37 404.250 Left
38 405.250 Right
39 427.200 Left
Educate the workers regarding…
Personal safety measures (such as helmet, footwear, noise mask, ear plug, etc.) and location of safety devices.
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8.1.6 Safety Measures during
8.1.7 Construction:
The contractor must educate the workers to
undertake the health and safety precautions. The
contractor shall prepare traffic control plan and
drawings containing detailed specifications for diversion, signages as well as location specific
traffic detour plan. Other safety requirements that need to be undertaken are as follows:
- Adequate lighting arrangement
- Adequate drainage system to avoid any stagnation of water
- Lined surface with slope 1:40 and provision of lined pit at the bottom end, at the storage and
handling of bitumen and oil as well as at the location of generator.
- Facilities for provision of first aid
Measures for Road User Safety
Clearing of vegetation at inner curves having access roads so that adequate sight distances
are available to the driver. Depending on the speed at that section a sight distance
corresponding to 8 seconds reaction time shall be provided.
All major junctions shall be designed adhering to the standards of adequate sight distances
and facilities for the local traffic, parking areas, service roads, pedestrian sidewalks and zebra
crossings.
Trees that have been saved and are very close to the pavement shall be marked in white
paint or have reflective hazard signage on them to alert the driver.
Guardrails shall be provided close to religious structures adjacent to the corridor so that there
is no spillage of activities on the carriageway.
Cattle under passes are usually introduced at places where there is substantial movement of
people and cattle across the road with no cross drainage structures. The existing road does
not have any animal underpasses, but there is significant number of animal crossing the road
at some sections. The locations proposed for underpasses along the project alignment are
indicated from table 8.3 to 8.6 below.
Table 8.3: Locations of Underpasses
Sr.No Existing
Chainage Proposed Chainage
Location
1 1.100 Budhel Bypass
2 13.620 13.620 Industries
3 17.400 17.575 Industrial location
4 1.800 Bhandariya Bypass
5 1.150 Tansa Bypass
6 33.290 Rajpara Realignment
7 1.455 Trapaj Bypass End
8 48.440 48.440 Industries
9 1.250 Talaja Bypass
10 55.000 55.000 Industries
Interaction with host community
Protection of environment with respect to:
- Trampling of vegetation and cutting of trees for cooking
- Water body protection
- Storage and handling of materials
- Disposal of construction waste
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Sr.No Existing
Chainage Proposed Chainage
Location
11 61.000 61.000 Industries
12 1.530 Bhadrad Bypass
13 91.395 Mahuva Bypass Start
14 95.750 95.700 Mahuva-Savarkundla
15 99.260 Mahuva Bypass End
16 108.950 108.720 Nirma Cement Industry
17 1.400 Datardi Bypass
18 127.620 127.600 Pipavav
19 134.320 134.400 Dungar Parada
20 153.332 153.450 Jaffarabad
21 1.100 Hemal Bypass
22 164.423 164.400 Bhada-Timbi
23 0.350 Samter Bypass
24 0.300 Una bypass start
25 8.600 Una bypass End
26 196.175 195.900 Diu-Bhulga
27 199.825 199.825 Revadh
28 0.275 Dholasa Bypass
29 214.000 214.000 Industries
30 223.098 222.400 Kodinar-Amreli
31 225.017 224.300 Kodinar-Kantela
32 228.425 227.660 Ambuja Cement
33 232.258 231.325 Moradia
34 0.400 Prachi Bypass
35 3.400 Prachi Bypass
36 248.825 Gorakhmandi Realignment
37 250.325 Gorakhmandi Realignment
38 257.113 257.300 Athoda
39 17.610 Porbandar Bypass
40 20.785
Table 8.4: Locations of Flyover
Sr.No Existing
Chainage Proposed Chainage
Location
1 24.367 24.400 Alang Port
2 0.000 Trapaj Bypass Start
3 137.526 137.900 Voola-Jaffarabad
4 222.143 221.400 Kodinar
5 11.400 Porbandar Bypass
6 443.700 443.100 Jamnagar
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Table 8.5: Locations of Cattle Underpass
Sr.No Existing
Chainage Proposed Chainage
Location
1 1.900 Adhewada Bypass
2 44.153 44.140 Piprala
3 67.390 Borda Realignment
4 70.850 70.780 Moti Jagdar
5 74.960 Longdi Realignment
6 80.350 80.320 Unchakotta-Bagdhana
7 101.835 101.680 Devadiya
8 107.424 107.200 Billadi
9 116.500 116.500
10 121.989 122.000 Shasbantar-Dungar
11 142.275 142.550 Bharmuthala
12 148.706 148.800 Khamba
13 161.500 161.500 Sheyana
14 169.973 170.200
15 191.900 Nadholi Realignment
16 198.679 198.300 Chokkada
17 210.658 210.400 Velava
18 237.020 235.850
20 261.400 Kajali Realignment
Table 8.6: Locations of Pedestrian Underpass
Sr.No Existing
Kilometer Proposed Ch. Location
1 36.700 36.800 School
2 61.500 61.500 School
3 92.375 92.375 School
4 97.700 97.635 School
5 98.600 98.530 School
6 116.900 116.900 School
7 118.000 118.000 School
8 177.500 177.500 School
9 256.470 256.600 School
Accidents Involving Hazardous Materials
Accidents involving hazardous chemicals will generally be catastrophic to the environment,
though the probability of occurrence is low. 'The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling)
rules, 2000 shall be compiled to minimize the risk of accident involving transportation of
hazardous material. For delivery of hazardous substances, three certificates issued by
transportation department, viz., permit license, driving license and guarding license shall be
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required. These shall be issued and checked thoroughly. Vehicles delivering hazardous
substances will be printed with appropriate signs.
In case of spillage, the report to relevant departments will be made and instructions followed in
taking up the contingency measures immediately. Hazardous landfill site with line system will be
designed at various campsites as per MoEF guidelines.
8.1.8 Bus Stop
There are several existing bus stops along the project corridor. Generally these stops are
associated with a settlement area or an intersection with a crossroad. A number of bus stops
have been proposed. The details of bus stop locations along the project corridor are given in
Table 8.7.
Table 8.7: Location of Bus Stops
SL.No Chainage Side
1 3.200 RHS
2 4.000 RHS
3 17.700 RHS
4 19.800 RHS
5 42.700 LHS
6 133.200 LHS
7 144.000 LHS
8 148.800 LHS
9 154.000 RHS
10 161.600 LHS
11 173.700 LHS
12 178.700 LHS
13 228.000 LHS
14 232.100 LHS
15 234.600 RHS
16 251.800 RHS
17 256.600 LHS
18 281.400 RHS
19 288.500 RHS
20 292.000 RHS
21 295.300 LHS
22 300.200 LHS
23 306.600 LHS
24 325.900 LHS
25 336.500 RHS
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SL.No Chainage Side
26 350.500 LHS
27 385.200 LHS
28 389.400 RHS
29 402.950 RHS
30 405.200 RHS
31 405.950 RHS
32 424.800 LHS
33 426.800 LHS
34 436.800 RHS
8.1.9 Avoidance / Enhancement Measures for Cultural Properties
53 religious structures are being affected due to widening of the project road. Apart from these,
many shrines are found to be present within the proposed ROW. The affected temples are to be
relocated. The relocation cost has been provided in the RAP budget in VolumeV. The details of
the temple to be relocated are as follows:
Sl No Number of Temples Description Side
1. 53
Falling within the
proposed ROW i.e. 53
religious structures
RHS & LHS
8.1.10 Highway Landscaping
Roadside plantation along the project corridor has to cut. Of the trees to be cut, three times the
number is to be planted as compensatory plantation. Common plants generally recommended for
stretches passing through rural areas are Amla (Emblica officinalis) alternating with shaded trees
like, Ailanthus excelsa. Medium trees like Sapindus emarginta, Derris indica, are ideal for
screening.
Near market places and congested areas, trees known for behaving as ‘pollution sink’ are
proposed. Thus, trees which absorb pollutants, filter the air from pollutants, and act as noise
barrier would be planted. Near sensitive areas like schools and hospitals, tall trees with thick
canopies can create a wind screen through which the air can be filtered and the noise levels be
considerably reduced. In addition tall shrubs would be planted to act as screens against noise
and air pollution. Species recommended include Adhatoda vasica, Hibiscus hirtus, Withania
somnifera.
Plantation in Medians
Careful consideration should be given to the cross section to ensure driver recovery, mowing
access, and drainage. Vegetated medians offer excellent contrast to the travel lanes, making
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their edges more clearly evident. Additionally, turf areas offer visual relief and glare reduction in
large expanses of pavement in multilane highways.
Turfing and median plantation has been proposed along the entire stretch.The shrubs planted in
the median (Table 8.8) should be of low or medium height for prevention of the headlight glare.
One to two rows of flowering shrubs have been provided according to the varying width of the
median in different sections. In sections where the median width is less than 1.5m, only grass
turfing is proposed. Medians with turf also hide small litter objects better than bare pavement,
helping to keep the roadway neater in appearance.
At locations where a drain runs through the median woody plants are recommended so that
drainage in the median will not be obstructed. Where space and drainage patterns allow, berms
may reduce or prevent median crossings and reduce headlight glare. The species to be selected
are mentioned in the section on Plantation.
Table 8.8: Recommended Shrubs /Ground Cover for medians
Suitable Shrubs/small Trees for Median Suitable Ground cover-Creepers and grasses for Median
S.
No
Species S.No
Species
Botanical Name Common Name Botanical Name Common Name
1 Adhatoda vasica Ardusi 1 Coccinia grandis ( climber) Giloda
2 Apluda mutica Bhangoru 2 Leffery echinata (climber) Kakarpada
3 Daturo innoxia Daturo 3 Cucumis setosus(twinner) Tidho
4 Kaneri 4 Cyclea peltata (twinner) Kalipat
5 Bogemville 5 Ipomoea quamoclit Kamani
6 Ipomoea aquatic ( creeper) Nadinibhaji
7 Ipomoea penitigridis ( creeper) Rota belari
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123
9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environment Management measures shall be implemented during the various stages of the
project – Pre-construction stage, Construction Stage and Operation Stage. The EMP is
described below:
9.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
9.1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU
Prior to the contractor mobilization, the PIU/Concessionaire will ensure that an encumbrance free
CoI is handed over to enable the start of construction. The RoW clearance involves the following
activities:
Acquisition of land and structures,
Clearance of the RoW including removal of trees, and
Relocation of common property resources impacted, including cultural properties as temples
and community assets as hand pumps and other utilities.
9.1.2 Pre-construction activities by BOT Concessionaire/Independent Engineer
The pre-construction stage involves mobilization of the BOT Concessionaire, the activities
undertaken by the concessionaire pertaining to the planning of logistics and site preparation
necessary for commencing construction activities. The activities include:
Joint field verification of EMP by the Independent Engineer and Concessionaire
Modification (if any) of the contract documents by the Independent Engineer.
Procurement of construction equipment / machinery such as crushers, hot mix plants,
batching plants and other construction equipment and machinery.
Identification and selection of material sources (quarry and borrow material, water, sand etc).
Selection, design and layout of construction areas, hot mix and batching plants, labour camps
etc
Planning traffic diversions and detours, including arrangements for temporary land acquisition.
Apply for and obtain all the necessary clearances /NOC’s/ consents from agencies
concerned.
9.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE
9.2.1 Construction Stage activities by BOT Concessionaire
Construction stage is the most crucial stage in terms of activities that require careful
management to avoid environmental impacts. Activities that trigger the need for environmental
measures to be followed include:
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Imbibing environmental principles at all stages of construction as good engineering practices.
Implementation of site-specific mitigation/management measures suggested
Monitoring the quality of environment along the construction sites (as air, noise, water, soil)
and
Enhancement designs at specific locations suggested.
Tree plantation along the corridors and bypasses and landscaping along junctions by the
Forest Department.
Monitoring of environmental conditions through approved monitoring agency
There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good
engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the Engineering Costs.
They include improvement of roadside drainage, provision of additional cross drainage structures
or rising of road height in flood prone stretches, provision of cattle crossings and reconstruction
and improvement of bunds of the affected water bodies.
9.2.2 Construction Stage Activities by PIU
The PIU/Independent Cosnultant shall be involved in the smooth execution of the project and
assessing the BOT Concessionaire during this phase. Their work shall include but not be limited
to:
Monitoring and guiding the BOt Concessionaire on adopting good environmental and
engineering practices.
Arrangement of plantation through the Forest Department.
Arranging training to the BOT Concessionaire and other stakeholders according to the needs
arising.
9.3 OPERATION STAGE
Operation stage activities that are to be carried out by the BOT Concessionaire and supervised
by PIU are:
Monitoring operational performance of the various mitigation/enhancement measures carried
out as part of the project.
Monitoring of Environmental conditions through approved monitoring agency
9.4 OTHER ACTIVITIES
Training of Implementation agency staff towards project specific issues of EMP implementation
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Table 9.1: Environmental Management Measures
Sl. No Activities Management Measure Location Reference
1.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU
1.1.1 Land Acquisition,
R&R
The acquisition of land and private
properties will be carried out in
accordance with the RAP and
entitlement Framework for the project.
It will be ensured that all R&R activities
are to be completed before the
construction activity starts, on any sub-
section of project roads.
It will be ensured by the PIU that the
resettlement sites required for the
sections to be taken up for construction
in the first year are to be completed
prior to the contractor mobilization at
site. The PIU will identify suitable
locations for resettlement sites in
consultation with the PAPs to be
relocated. Resettlement sites will be in
line with the requirements of generic
EMP for resettlement sites.
Corridor of Impact Land
Acquisition
Act of NHAI
1.1.2 Tree Cutting Trees will be removed from the
Corridor of Impact and construction
sites before commencement of
Construction with prior intimation to the
Forest Department. Forest Clearance
will be obtained For cutting of roadside
trees notified as protected forest. Three
times the trees to be cut will be planted.
Forest department will maintain the
plantation and NHAI will deposit the
money for tree plantation.
Corridor of Impact Design
MoRTH 201.6
Forest
Conservation
Act, 1980
1.1.3 Utility Relocation All utilities lost due to the project will be
relocated with prior approval of the
concerned agencies before
construction starts, on any sub-section
of the project road.
Corridor of Impact As in RAP
1.1.4 Relocation of
Cultural Properties
All cultural properties within the CoI,
whose structure is getting affected, will
be relocated at suitable locations, as
desired by the community before
construction starts.
Local community meetings (facilitated
by NGOs entrusted with the
responsibility of R&R implementation)
will be held to discuss relocation
aspects, siting of structures.
Corridor of Impact.
1.1.5 Replacement of
Common Property
Resources
All common property resources such as
community sources of water will be
replaced.
The replacement will be complete
before construction starts.
Corridor of Impact.
1.2 Pre-construction activities by the Concessionaire / Contractor / Independent Engineer
1.2.1
Field Verification
and Modification of
the Contract
Documents
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Sl. No Activities Management Measure Location Reference
1.2.1.1
Joint Field
Verification
The Engineer and the Contractor will
carry out joint field verification of the
EMP. The efficacy of the
mitigation/enhancement measures
suggested in the EMP will be checked.
All locations along the
project corridor where
mitigation/enhancement/
monitoring measures
are proposed
Project
Requirements
1.2.1.2
Modification of the
Contract Documents
If required, the Engineer will modify the
EMP and Contract documents
(particularly the BOQs)
All locations along the
project corridor where
changes in
mitigation/enhancement/
monitoring measures
are felt necessary
1.2.2 Procurement of
Machinery
1.2.2.1 Crushers, Hot-mix
Plants & Batching
Plants
Specifications of crushers, hot mix
plants and batching plants will comply
with the requirements of the relevant
current emission control legislations.
Contract,
MoRTH:
111.1, GoI Air
& Noise
Standards,
OSHA
Standards
1.2.2.2 Other Construction
Vehicles, Equipment
and Machinery
The discharge standards promulgated
under the Environment Protection Act,
1986 will be strictly adhered to.
All vehicles, equipment and machinery
to be procured for construction will
conform to the relevant Bureau of
Indian Standard (BIS) norms.
Noise limits for construction
equipments to be procured such as
compactors, rollers, front loaders,
concrete mixers, cranes (moveable),
vibrators and saws will not exceed 75
dB (A), measured at one meter from
the edge of the equipment in free field,
as specified in the Environment
(Protection) Rules, 1986.
Contract,
Environment
Protection
Act, 1986 &
MoRTH:
111.1
1.2.3 Identification &
Selection of Material
Sources
1.2.3.1 Borrow Areas Arrangement for locating the source of
supply of material for embankment and
sub-grade as well as compliance to
environmental requirements, as
applicable, will be the sole
responsibility of the contractor.
Siting of borrow areas to be as per the
Guidelines presented in Annexure 8.1.
The contractor will not use any of the
locations described here for borrowing
(within and upto 1000m either side of
Reserve Forest/ Ecologically sensitive
areas).
Locations identified by the contractor
shall be reported to the Engineer.
Format for reporting shall be as per
Form EM3, Annexure 9.1
Planning of haul roads for accessing
borrow materials will be undertaken
At all borrow area
locations suggested for
the project.
MoRTH:
305.2.2.2
Annexure 8.1,
Annexure 8.2
(location of
recommended
borrow
locations) and
Annexure 8.3
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Sl. No Activities Management Measure Location Reference
during this stage. The haul roads
should be routed to avoid agricultural
areas.
In addition to testing for the quality of
borrow materials by the SC, the
environmental personnel of the SC will
be required to inspect every borrow
area location prior to approval.
1.2.3.2 Quarries The Contractor will identify materials
from existing licensed quarries with the
suitable materials for construction.
Apart from approval of the quality of the
quarry materials, the Engineer’s
representative will verify the legal
status of the quarry operation, as to
whether approval under statutory is
obtained. Some of the locations
identified during this stage is presented
in Annexure 8.4.
All quarries
recommended to be
used in the project
MoRTH:
111.3
Annexure 8.4
1.2.3.3 Water The contractor will source the
requirement of water preferentially from
surface water bodies, as rivers and
tanks in the project area. To avoid
disruption/disturbance to other water
users, the contractor will extract water
from fixed locations. The contractor
shall consult the local people before
finalizing the locations.
Only at locations where surface water
sources are not available, the
contractor can contemplate extraction
of ground water. Consent from the
Engineer that no surface water
resource is available in the immediate
area for the project is a pre-requisite
prior to extraction of ground water. The
contractor will need to comply with the
requirements of the state Ground water
department and seek their approval for
doing so.
All rivers / surface water
bodies that can be used
in the project
Contract
1.2.3.4 Sand The contractor will identify sand
quarries with requisite approvals for the
extraction of sand for use in the project
1.2.4 Labour
Requirements
The contractor will use unskilled labour
drawn from local communities to avoid
any additional stress on the existing
facilities (medical services, power,
water supply, etc.)
Along project corridor at
construction sites
Contract
1.2.5 Setting up
construction sites
1.2.5.1 Construction Camp
Locations –
Selection, Design &
Layout
Siting of construction camps is to be as
per the guidelines presented in
Annexure 8.5 of EMP. Locations
identified by the contractor shall be
reported as per format EM2, Annexure
9.1.
Construction camps will not be
proposed:
(i)Within 1000m of locations as
All Construction
Workers Camps
including areas in
immediate vicinity.
Contract
Annexure 8.5
Section
1.2.3.1
Annexure 9.1
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described in Section 1.2.3.1 (Reserve
Forest /Ecologically sensitive areas).
(ii)Within 1000m from the nearest
habitation to avoid conflicts and stress
over the infrastructure facilities, with the
local community.
(iii) Layout of construction camps will
be as per the conceptual design
presented in Drawing 3.5.1 of
Annexure 8.5.
(iv) Locations for stockyards for
construction materials will be identified
at least 1000 m from watercourses.
(v) The waste disposal and sewage
system for the camp will be designed,
built and operated such that no odour
is generated.
(vi) Unless otherwise arranged by the
local sanitary authority, arrangements
for disposal of excreta suitably
approved by the local medical health or
municipal authorities or as directed by
Engineer will need to be provided by
the contractor.
1.2.5.2 Hot Mix Plants &
Batching Plant
Location
Hot mix plants and batching plants will
be sited sufficiently away from reserve
forest, habitation, agricultural
operations or industrial establishments.
Such plants will be located at least
1000m away from the nearest
habitation, preferably in the downwind
direction.
Contract
MoRTH
clause 111.5
1.2.6 Arrangements for
Temporary Land
Requirement
The contractor as per prevalent rules
will carry out negotiations with the land
owners for obtaining their consent for
temporary use of lands for construction
sites/ hot mix plants /traffic detours
/borrow areas etc.
The Engineer will be required to ensure
that the clearing up of the site prior to
handing over to the owner (after
construction or completion of the
activity) is included in the contract.
Areas temporarily
acquired for
construction sites/ hot
mix plants / borrow
areas / diversions/
detours.
2.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE
2.1 Construction Stage Activities by Contractor
2.1.1 Site Clearance
2.1.1.1 Clearing and
Grubbing
Vegetation will be removed from the
CoI before the commencement of
Construction.
All works will be carried out such that
the damage or disruption to flora is
minimum.
Only ground cover / shrubs that
impinge directly on the permanent
works or necessary temporary works
will be removed with prior approval
from the Engineer. The contractor,
under any circumstances will not
Corridor of Impact Design
MoRTH 201
111.15.1, Sub
clause
111.15.4
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damage trees (in addition to those
already felled with prior permission
from the forest department). Vegetation
only with girth of over 30 cm will be
considered as trees and shall be
removed as per Activity 1.1.2.
2.1.1.2 Dismantling of
Bridgework /
Culverts
The culverts will be dismantled
carefully and the resulting materials so
removed as not to cause damage to
the part of the structure retained and
other properties and structures nearby.
All necessary measures will be taken
while working close to cross drainage
channels to prevent earthwork,
stonework, materials and appendage
as well as the method of operation from
impeding cross-drainage at rivers,
streams, water canals and existing
irrigation and drainage systems.
At locations were bridge
works and culverts are
proposed.
MoRTH 202.2
2.1.1.3 Generation of Debris
from dismantling of
pavement structures
Debris generated due to the
dismantling of the existing pavement
structure shall be suitably reused in the
proposed construction, subject to the
suitability of the material and the
approval of the Engineer
Unutilized debris material shall be
suitably disposed off by the contractor,
either through filling up of borrow areas
created for the project or at pre-
designated dump locations, subject to
the approval of the Engineer.
Debris generated from pile driving or
other construction activities shall be
disposed such that it does not flow into
the surface water bodies or form mud
puddles in the area. Disposal sites shall
be identified by the contractor as per
guidelines provided in Annexure 3.6.
The identified locations will be reported
to the Engineer as per format EM1,
Annexure 9.1
Throughout Project
Corridor
MoRTH 202.5
MoRTH 517
Annexure 8.7
Annexure 9.1
2.1.1.4 Non-bituminons
construction waste
disposal
As far as possible construction waste
will be utilized in road construction.
Location of disposal sites will be
finalized prior to completion of the
earthworks on any particular section of
the road. As local villagers requested
for preparing play ground in the hill
section during consultation, rest of the
solid waste will be utilized for
preparation of playgrounds. Solid waste
will also be utilized for preparation of
construction camps.
After providing these facilities, if
disposal of waste required, contarctor
will identify the site as the guidelines for
siting of disposal sites (Annexure 8.6).
Dump site locations Contract
MoRTH:
201.4 & 202.5
Section
1.2.3.1
Annexure 8.6
2.1.1.5 Bituminous wastes
disposal
The disposal of residual bituminous
wastes will be done by the contractor at
Throughout Project
Corridor
Contract &
Annexure 8.6
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secure landfill sites, with the requisite
approvals for the same from the
concerned government agencies.
MoRTH:
201.4
2.1.2 Planning Traffic
Diversions &
Detours
Temporary diversions will be
constructed with the approval of the
Engineer.
Detailed Traffic Control Plans will be
prepared and submitted to the
Engineer for approval, 5 days prior to
commencement of works on any
section of road. The traffic control plans
shall contain details of temporary
diversions, details of arrangements for
construction under traffic, details of
traffic arrangement after cessation of
work each day, safety measures for
transport of hazardous material and
arrangement of flagmen.
Environmental personnel of the
Engineer will assess the environmental
impacts associated as the loss of
vegetation, productive lands and the
arrangement for temporary diversion of
the land prior to the finalisation of
diversions and detours.
Special consideration will be given to
the preparation of the traffic control
plan for safety of pedestrians and
workers at night.
The Contractor will ensure that the
diversion/detour is always maintained
in running condition, particularly during
the monsoon to avoid disruption to
traffic flow. He shall inform local
community of changes to traffic routes,
conditions and pedestrian access
arrangements.
The temporary traffic detours will be
kept free of dust by frequent application
of water.
All along the Project
Corridor.
MoRTH:
112.1
MoRTH:
112.4
MoRTH:112.2
MoRTH:
112.5
2.1.3 Procurement of
Construction
Materials
2.1.3.1 Borrow Areas No borrow area will be opened without
permission of the Engineer
Borrow pits will not be dug continuously
in a stretch. The location, shape and
size of the designated borrow areas will
be as approved by the Engineer and in
accordance to the IRC recommended
practice for borrow pits for road
embankments (IRC 10: 1961)
The borrowing operations will be
carried out as specified in the
guidelines for siting and operation of
borrow areas (Annexure 8.1)
The unpaved surfaces used for the
haulage of borrow materials will be
maintained dust free by the contractor.
All along the project
corridor, all access
roads, sites temporarily
acquired & all borrow
areas
MoRTH:
305.2.2.2
IRC 10 1961
Annexure 8.1
MoRTH:
111.2, Sub
clause
111.15.2
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Since dust raising is the only impact
along the haul roads sprinkling of water
will be carried out twice a day along
such roads during their period of use.
2.1.3.2 Stripping, stocking
and preservation of
top soil
The topsoil from borrow areas, areas of
cutting and areas to be permanently
covered will be stripped to a depth of
150mm and stored in stockpiles. At
least 10% of the temporarily acquired
area will be earmarked for storing
topsoil.
The stockpile will be designed such
that the slope does not exceed 1:2
(vertical to horizontal), and the height of
the pile is to be restricted to 2m.
Stockpiles will not be surcharged or
otherwise loaded and multiple handling
will be kept to a minimum to ensure
that no compaction will occur. The
stockpiles will be covered with gunny
bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by
the contractor that the topsoil will not
be unnecessarily trafficked either
before stripping or when in stockpiles.
Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned
to cover the disturbed area and cut
slopes. The management of topsoil
shall be reported regularly to the
Engineer as per format EM6, Annexure
9.1
Throughout Project
Corridor, where
productive land is
acquired.
MoRTH:
301.3.2 &
MoRTH:
305.3.3
MoRTH:
301.7 &
MoRTH:
305.3.9
Annexure 9.1
2.1.3.3 Quarries The quarry operations will be
undertaken within the rules and
regulations in force.
All along the project
corridor and all haul
roads
MoRTH:
111.3
2.1.3.4 Blasting Except as may be provided in the
contract or ordered or authorized by the
Engineer, the Contractor will not use
explosives.
Where the use of explosives is so
provided or ordered or authorized, the
Contractor will comply with the
requirements of the following Sub-
Clauses of MoRTH 302 besides the law
of the land as applicable.
The Contractor will at all times take
every possible precaution and will
comply with appropriate laws and
regulations relating to the import,
handling, transportation, storage and
use of explosives. The contractor will at
all times when engaged in blasting
operations, post sufficient warning
flagmen, to the full satisfaction of the
Engineer.
The Contractor will at all times make
full liaison with and inform well in
advance and obtain such permission as
is required from all Government
Authorities, public bodies and private
parties whomsoever concerned or
All blasting and Pre-
splitting Sites.
MoRTH:
302.4
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affected or likely to be concerned or
affected by blasting operations.
Blasting will be carried out only with
permission of the Engineer. All the
statutory laws, regulations, rules etc.,
pertaining to acquisition, transport,
storage, handling and use of
explosives will be strictly followed.
Blasting will be carried out during fixed
hours (preferably during mid-day) or as
permitted by the Engineer. The timing
should be made known to all the
people within 1000m (200m for pre-
splitting) from the blasting site in all
directions.
2.1.3.5 Transporting
Construction
Materials
All vehicles delivering materials to the
site will be covered to avoid spillage of
materials.
All existing highways and roads used
by vehicles of the contractor, or any of
his sub-contractor or suppliers of
materials and similarly roads which are
part of the works will be kept clean and
clear of all dust/mud or other
extraneous materials dropped by such
vehicles
The unloading of materials at
construction sites close to settlements
will be restricted to daytime only.
All along the Project
corridor and all haul
roads
MoRTH:
111.9
2.1.3.6 Water Extraction Procurement of water is to be carried
out as per Section 1.2.3.3 The
contractor will minimize wastage of
water during construction.
All water bodies
recommended to be
used in the project
Section
1.2.3.3
2.1.4 Infrastructure
provisions at
construction camps
The Contractor during the progress of
work will provide, erect and maintain
necessary (temporary) living
accommodation and ancillary facilities
for labour to standards and scales
approved by the resident Engineer.
There shall be provided within the
precincts of every workplace, latrines
and urinals in an accessible place, and
the accommodation, separately for
each for these, as per standards set by
the Building and other Construction
Workers (regulation of Employment
and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.
Except in workplaces provided with
water-flushed latrines connected with a
water borne sewage system, all latrines
shall be provided with dry-earth system
(receptacles) which shall be cleaned at
least four times daily and at least twice
during working hours and kept in a
strict sanitary condition. Receptacles
shall be tarred inside and outside at
least once a year. If women are
employed, separate latrines and
urinals, screened from those for men
Construction camps Contract
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(and marked in the vernacular) shall
provided. There shall be adequate
supply of water, close to latrines and
urinals.
All temporary accommodation must be
constructed and maintained in such a
fashion that uncontaminated water is
available for drinking, cooking and
washing. The sewage system for the
camp must be designed, built and
operated so that no health hazard
occurs and no pollution to the air,
ground or adjacent watercourses takes
place. Compliance with the relevant
legislation must be strictly adhered to.
Garbage bins must be provided in the
camp shall be regularly emptied and
the garbage disposed off in a hygienic
manner. Construction camps are to be
sited at least 1000m away from the
nearest habitation and adequate health
care is to be provided for the work
force.
Unless otherwise arranged for by the
local sanitary authority, arrangement
for disposal of excreta by putting a
layer of night soils at the bottom of a
permanent tank prepared for the
purpose shall be taken up by the
contractor. It should be covered with
15 cm layer of waste or refuse and then
with a layer of earth for a fortnight (by
then it will turn into manure).
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2.1.5 Operation of
construction
equipments and
vehicles
All vehicles and equipment used for
construction will be fitted with exhaust
silencers. During routine servicing
operations, the effectiveness of
exhaust silencers will be checked and if
found to be defective will be replaced.
Noise limits for construction equipment
used in this project (measured at one
metre from the edge of the equipment
in free field) such as compactors,
rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers,
cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws
will not exceed 75 dB(A), as specified
in the Environment (Protection) Rules,
1986
Notwithstanding any other conditions of
contract, noise level from any item of
plant(s) must comply with the relevant
legislation for levels of noise emission.
The contractor will ensure that the AAQ
concentrations at these construction
sites are within the acceptable limits of
industrial uses in case of hot mix plants
and crushers and residential uses
around construction camps.
Dust screening vegetation will be
planted on the edge of the RoW for
screening dust crusher.
Monitoring of the exhaust gases and
noise levels will be carried out by the
agency identified for Environmental
Monitoring for the project.
All construction
equipments and
vehicles
Environment
(Protection)
Rules, 1986
Monitoring
Plan
Table 9.1 &
Table 9.2
2.1.6 Material Handling at
Site
All workers employed on mixing
asphaltic material, cement, lime
mortars, concrete etc., will be provided
with protective footwear and protective
goggles.
Workers, who are engaged in welding
works, would be provided with welder’s
protective eye-shields.
Workers, engaged in stone breaking
activities will be provided with
protective goggles and clothing and will
be seated at sufficiently safe intervals.
The use of any herbicide or other toxic
chemical will be strictly in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.
The Engineer will be given at least 6
working days notice of the proposed
use of any herbicide or toxic chemical.
A register of all herbicides and other
toxic chemicals delivered to the site will
be kept and maintained up to date by
the Contractor. The register will include
the trade name, physical properties and
characteristics, chemical ingredients,
health and safety hazard information,
safe handling and storage procedures,
and emergency and first aid
All construction sites MoRTH:
111.6
MoRTH: 105
MoRTH:
111.4, Sub
clause
111.15.3
IS: 6994 (Part
I) – 1973,
IS: 14352 –
1996,
IS: 2925 -
1984
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procedures for the product.
No man below the age of 14 years and
no woman will be employed on the
work of painting with products
containing lead in any form. No paint
containing lead or lead products will be
used except in the form of paste or
readymade paint. Face masks will be
supplied for use by the workers when
paint is applied in the form of spray or a
surface having lead paint dry rubbed
and scrapped.
2.1.7 Precautionary/Safety
Measures During
Construction
All relevant provisions of the Factories
Act, 1948 and the Building and other
Construction Workers (regulation of
Employment and Conditions of Service)
Act, 1996 will be adhered to.
Adequate safety measures for workers
during handling of materials at site
(Section 2.1.6) will be taken up.
The contractor has to comply with all
regulations regarding safe scaffolding,
ladders, working platforms, gangway,
stairwells, excavations, trenches and
safe means of entry and egress.
All construction sites Factories Act,
1948 and the
Building and
other
Construction
Workers
(regulation of
Employment
and
Conditions of
Service) Act,
1996
Section 2.1.6
MoRTH 105
Sub clause
111.11
2.1.8 Protection of
Religious Structures
All necessary and adequate care shall
be taken to minimize impact on cultural
properties (which includes cultural sites
and remains, places of worship
including temples, mosques, churches
and shrines, etc., graveyards,
monuments and any other important
structures as identified during design
and all properties/sites/remains notified
under the Ancient Sites and Remains
Act). No work shall spillover to these
properties, premises and precincts.
Access to such properties from the
road shall be maintained clear and
clean.
All construction sites MoRTH:
111.15.9
2.1.9 Chance found
Archaeological
property
All fossils, coins, articles of value of
antiquity, structures and other remains
or things of geological or
archaeological interest discovered on
the site shall be the property of the
Government, and shall be dealt with as
per provisions of the relevant
legislation.
The contractor shall take reasonable
precaution to prevent his workmen or
any other persons from removing and
damaging any such article or thing. He
shall, immediately upon discovery
thereof and before removal acquaint
the Engineer of such discovery and
carry out the Engineer’s instructions for
All construction sites
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dealing with the same, awaiting which
all work shall be stopped.
The Engineer shall seek direction from
the Archaeological Society of India
(ASI) before instructing the Contractor
to recommence work on the site.
2.1.10 Earthworks
2.1.10.1 Excavations
All excavations will be done in such a
manner that the suitable materials
available from excavation are
satisfactorily utilized as decided upon
beforehand.
The excavations shall conform to the
lines, grades, side slopes and levels
shown in the drawings or as directed by
the engineer.
While planning or executing excavation
the contractor shall take all adequate
precautions against soil erosion, water
pollution etc (clause 306) and take
appropriate drainage measures to keep
the site free of water (clause 311),
through use of mulches, grasses, slope
drains and other devices. The
contractor shall take adequate
protective measures to see that
excavation operations do not affect or
damage adjoining structures and water
bodies. For safety precautions
guidance may be taken from IS: 3764.
All along the project
corridor
MoRTH
301.3.3
MoRTH
304.3.6
IS:3764
Earth fill Embankment and other fill areas,
unless other wise permitted by the
Engineer, be constructed evenly over
their full width and the contractor will
control and direct movement of
construction vehicles and machinery
over them
Along earth fill areas MoRTH
305.3.5.3
2.1.10.2 Stripping, stocking
and preservation of
top soil
Stock piling of top soil as per Section
2.1.3.2
The stockpiles will be located at least
100m from watercourses.
All along the project
corridor
Section
2.1.3.2
2.1.10.3 Drainage
requirements at
construction sites
In addition to the design requirements,
the contractor will take all desired
measures as directed by the Engineer
to prevent temporary or permanent
flooding of the site or any adjacent
area.
All along the project
corridor
2.1.10.4 Dust All earthwork will be protected in a
manner acceptable to the Engineer to
minimise generation of dust.
The contractor will take every
precaution to reduce the level of dust
along construction sites involving
earthworks, by frequent application of
water.
All along the project
corridor
MoRTH 111.8
2.1.10.5 Contamination of
soil
Vehicle/machinery and equipment
operation, maintenance and refueling
will be carried out in such a fashion that
All along the project
corridor
MoRTH 306 &
MoRTH 311
Section
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spillage of fuels and lubricants does not
contaminate the ground. Oil interceptor
will be provided for vehicle parking,
wash down and refueling areas within
the construction camps. Fuel storage
will be in proper bunded areas. All spills
and collected petroleum products will
be disposed off in accordance with
MoEF and SPCB guidelines.
Fuel storage and refilling areas will be
located at least 1000m from rivers and
irrigation ponds or as directed by the
Engineer. In all fuel storage and
refueling areas, if located on
agricultural land or areas supporting
vegetation, the topsoil will be stripped,
stockpiled and returned after cessation
of such storage and refueling activities
as per Section 2.1.3.2
2.1.3.2.
2.1.10.6 Compaction of soil To minimize soil compaction,
construction vehicle, machinery and
equipment will move or be stationed in
designated area (RoW or CoI, haul
roads as applicable) only.
The haul roads for construction
materials should be routed to avoid
agricultural areas
All along the project
corridor
Annexure ‘A’
to MoRTH
501
2.1.10.7 Silting,
Contamination of
Water bodies
Silt fencing will be provided around
stockpiles at the construction sites
close to water bodies. The fencing
needs to be provided prior to
commencement of earthworks and
continue till the stabilization of the
embankment slopes, on the particular
sub-section of the road.
Construction materials containing fine
particles will be stored in an enclosure
such that sediment-laden water does
not drain into nearby watercourses.
All discharge standards promulgated
under Environmental Protection Act,
1986, will be adhered to. All liquid
wastes generated from the site will be
disposed off as acceptable to the
Engineer.
Water bodies falling
along the project
corridor.
Environmental
Protection
Act, 1986
2.1.10.8 Cutting/Filling of
Surface water
bodies
Earth works shall be undertaken such
that the existing embankments of water
bodies are not disturbed. In case of
cutting of embankments, the same
shall be reconstructed with appropriate
slope protection measures and
adequate erosion control measures.
Filling of surface water bodies will be
compensated by digging an equal
volume of soil for water storage. Such
dug-up soil will be used for spreading
as topsoil.
Wherever digging is undertaken, the
banks will be protected as designed or
Surface Water bodies
whose water storage
capacity is affected by
the project and whose
embankments are being
cut
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as approved by the Engineer. The
excavation will be carried out in a
manner so that the side slopes are no
steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal,
otherwise slope protection work, as
approved by the Engineer will be
provided.
As far as practicable, and as approved
by the Engineer, excavation for
replacement of water bodies will be at
the closest possible place/location, with
respect to the original water body or
part thereof consumed by filling.
2.1.10.9 Sub-Base & Base The contractor will take all necessary
measures/ precautions to ensure that
the execution of works and all
associated operations are carried out in
conformity with statutory and regulatory
environmental requirements including
those prescribed in Annexure A to
MoRTH 501.
The contractor will plan and provide for
remedial measures to be implemented
in event of occurrence of emergencies
such as spillage of oil or bitumen or
chemicals. The contractor will provide
the Engineer with a statement of
measures that he intends to implement
in event of such an emergency, which
will include a statement of how he
intends to adequately train personnel to
implement such measures.
Adequate safety measures for workers
during handling of materials at site
(Section 2.1.6) will be taken up.
The contractor will take every
precaution to reduce the level of dust
along construction sites by frequent
application of water as per Section
2.1.10.5
Noise levels from all vehicles and
equipment used for construction will
conform to standards as specified in
Section 2.1.5.
Construction activities involving
equipments with high noise levels will
be restricted to the daytime.
Transport of materials for construction
will be as per Section 2.1.3.5
The contractor will provide for all safety
measures during construction as per
Section 2.1.7
All along the project
corridor
Annexure A to
MoRTH 501
Section 2.1.6
Section
2.1.10.5
Section 2.1.5.
Section
2.1.3.5
Section 2.1.7
2.1.11 Surfacing The contractor will take all necessary
means to ensure that works and all
associated operations are carried out in
conformity with Annexure A to MoRTH
501.
All workers employed on mixing
asphaltic material etc. will be provided
All along the project
corridor
Annexure A to
MoRTH 501
Section 2.1.6
Section 2.1.5
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with protective footwear as specified in
Section 2.1.6.
Noise levels from all vehicles and
equipment used for surfacing will
conform to standards as specified in
Section 2.1.5.
Construction activities involving
equipments with high noise levels will
be restricted to the daytime.
Transport of materials for construction
will be as per Section 2.1.3.5
The contractor will provide for all safety
measures during construction as per
Section 2.1.7
Section
2.1.3.5
Section 2.1.7
2.1.12 Bridge Works &
Culverts
While working across or close to the
rivers, the Contractor will not disrupt
the flow of water. If for any bridgework,
etc., closure of flow is required, the
Contractor apart from obtaining the
requisite clearances from the PWD
(irrigation department) will seek
approval of the Engineer. The Engineer
will have the right to ask the Contractor
to serve notice on the downstream
users of water sufficiently in advance.
Construction over and close to the non-
perennial streams will be undertaken in
the dry session. Construction work
expected to disrupt users and
impacting community water bodies will
be taken up after serving notice on the
local community. Dry stone pitching for
apron and revetment will be provided
for bridges and cross drainage
structures.
At locations where
bridge works and
culverts are proposed.
MoRTH 2500
2.1.13 Mitigation Measures
for Noise Sensitive
Receptors
Provision is made for vegetative noise
barrier at locations exceeding operation
stage noise levels. Other noise
mitigation options shall be explored
based on site conditions. Details of
noise barrier at the identified sensitive
receptors are presented in Annexure
3.8. The measures shall be taken
during construction stage only in case
of excessive noise causing disturbance
to the sensitive receptors otherwise the
measures shall be implemented in
operation stage.
Annexure 8.8 Noise Rule
2002
2.1.14 Road Furniture Road furniture including footpaths,
railings, storm water drains, crash
barrier, traffic signs, speed zone signs,
pavement markers and any other such
items will be provided as per design
All along the project
corridor
MoRTH 801
2.1.15 Enhancements Enhancement of all cultural properties,
water bodies, incidental spaces has
been detailed out. (Refer drawing
volume of the Design report).
2.1.16 Monitoring
Environmental
The contractor will undertake seasonal
monitoring of air, water, noise and soil
Monitoring Locations as
specified in Table 9.3
Table 9.2
Table 9.3
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Conditions quality through an approved monitoring
agency. The parameters to be
monitored, frequency and duration of
monitoring as well as the locations to
be monitored will be as per the
Monitoring Plan prepared (Table 9.2).
2.1.17 Contractor
Demobilization
2.1.17.1 Clearing of
Construction of
Camps &
Restoration
Contractor to prepare site restoration
plans for approval by the Engineer. The
plan is to be implemented by the
contractor prior to demobilization.
On completion of the works, all
temporary structures will be cleared
away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other
disposal pits or trenches filled in and
effectively sealed off and the site left
clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s
expense, to the entire satisfaction of
the Engineer.
Residual topsoil will be distributed on
adjoining/proximate barren/rocky areas
as identified by the Engineer in a layer
of thickness of 75mm - 150mm.
All Construction
Workers’ Camps
2.1.17.2 Redevelopment of
Borrow Areas
Redevelopment of borrow areas will be
taken up in accordance with the plans
approved by the Engineer. Guidelines
for redevelopment of borrow areas are
presented in Annexure 8.9
At all borrow area
locations suggested for
the project.
Annexure 8.9
MoRTH:
111.2
2.2 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES BY PIU-ENVIRONMENTAL CELL
2.2.1 Tree Plantation and
Landscaping
Tree plantation and landscaping shall
be implemented through the BOT
Concessionaire. Trees felled will be
replaced in accordance with the Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980.
Entire Project Corridor
3.0 OPERATION STAGE ACTIVITIES BY PIU-ENVIRONMENTAL CELL
3.1 Monitoring
Operational
Performance
The PIU will monitor the operational
performance of the various
mitigation/enhancement measures
carried out as a part of the project. The
indicators selected for monitoring
include the survival rate of trees, utility
of enhancement provisions for cultural
properties, water bodies, status of
rehabilitation of borrow areas and utility
noise barrier at sensitive receptors.
Refer Table 9.1 Table 9.1
Table 9.4
4.0 OTHER ACTIVITIES
4.1 Training of
implementing
agency and
contractors
The PIU shall organize training
sessions during all stages of the
project. The orientation session shall
involve field level EMP implementation
staff of PIU, Independent Engineer and
BOT Concessionaire.
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10. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN
The monitoring programme is devised to ensure that the envisaged purpose of the project is
achieved and results in desired benefit to the target population. To ensure effective
implementation of the EMP, it is essential that an effective monitoring programme be designed
and carried out. Broad objectives of the monitoring programme are:
1. To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP
2. T suggest improvements in the management plans, if required
3. To satisfy the statutory and community obligations
4. To provide feedback on adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment
The monitoring programme contains monitoring plan for all performance indicators, reporting
formats and necessary budgetary provisions. Monitoring plan for performance indicators and
reporting system is presented in the following sections. Budgetary provisions for the envisaged
programme is presented in Chapter – 10: Environment Budget.
10.1 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Physical, biological and environmental management components identified as of particular
significance in affecting the environment at critical locations have been suggested as
Performance Indicators (PIs). The Performance Indicators shall be evaluated under three heads
as:
Environmental condition indicators to determine efficacy of environmental management
measures in control of air, noise, water and soil pollution;
Environmental management indicators to determine compliance with the suggested
environmental management measures
Operational performance indicators have also been devised to determine efficacy and utility of
the mitigation/enhancement designs proposed.
The Performance Indicators and monitoring plans prepared for the project are presented in Table
10.1.
Table 10.1: Performance Indicators for the Project
MONITORING
Sl.
No Indicator Details Stage Responsibility
A Environmental Condition Indicators and Monitoring Plan
1 Air Quality
The parameters to be monitored,
frequency and duration of monitoring as
well as the locations to be monitored will
be as per the Monitoring Plan prepared
(Refer Table 5.2)
Construction BOT Concessionaire through
approved monitoring agency
Operation BOT Concessionaire through
approved monitoring agency
2 Noise Levels
Construction BOT Concessionaire through
approved monitoring agency
Operation BOT Concessionaire through
approved monitoring agency
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Sl.
No Indicator Details Stage Responsibility
3 Water Quality Construction BOT Concessionaire through
approved monitoring agency
4 Soil Quality Construction
BOT Concessionaire through
approved monitoring agency
through approved monitoring
agency
B Environmental Management Indicators and Monitoring Plan
1 Dumping
Locations
Locations for dumping have to be
identified and parameters indicative of
environment in the area has to be
reported
Pre-
Construction
Stage
BOT Concessionaire
2 Construction
Camps
Location of construction camps have to
be identified and parameters indicative of
environment in the area has to be
reported
Pre-
construction BOT Concessionaire
3 Borrow Areas
Location of borrow areas have to be
identified and parameters indicative of
environment in the area has to be
reported
Pre-
construction BOT Concessionaire
4 Enhancements
Progress of enhancement measures
suggested for cultural properties, water
bodies and incidental spaces is to be
reported
Construction BOT Concessionaire
5 Tree Plantation
and Landscaping
Progress of measures suggested as part
of the Landscaping Strategy is to be
reported
Construction BOT Concessionaire
6 Top Soil
Implementation of the measures
suggested for top soil preservation shall
be reported by Contractor to Engineer
Construction BOT Concessionaire
C Management & Operational Performance Indicators
1 Survival Rate of
Trees
The number of trees surviving during
each visit will be compared with the
number of saplings planted
Operation The Concessionaire will be
responsible for monitoring
upto BOT contract period (20
years after construction of
road).
2
Utility of
Enhancement
Provisions
The PIU will visit each of the
enhancement locations (for cultural
properties, water bodies and incidental
spaces) to determine the efficacy of the
enhancements carried out and the
community utilization of such areas.
Operation The Concessionaire will be
responsible for monitoring
upto BOT contract period (20
years after construction of
road).
3
Status Regarding
Rehabilitation of
Borrow Areas
The PIU will undertake site visits to
determine how many borrow areas have
been rehabilitated in line with the
landowners request and to their full
satisfaction.
Operation The BOT Concessionaire will
be responsible for monitoring
upto 3 years after
construction of road.
4 Utility of Noise
Barrier
The PIU will visit such sensitive locations
along with the environmental monitoring
agency (responsible for monitoring of
noise levels during operation stage) to
check for the efficacy of noise barrier.
Operation The Concessionaire will be
responsible for monitoring
upto BOT contract period (20
years after construction of
road).
10.2 PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
For each of the environmental condition indicator, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters to
be monitored; location of the monitoring sites; frequency and duration of monitoring. The
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monitoring plan also specifies the applicable standards, implementation and supervising
responsibilities. The monitoring plan for environmental condition indicators of the project in
construction and operation stages is presented in Table 10.2.
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Table 10.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan
Attribute Project Stage
Parameter Special Guidance Standards Frequency Duration Location Measures Institutional Responsibility
Impl’ion Super’ ion
Air
Construction
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX,
CO & Pb.
High volume sampler to be located 50 m from the plant in the downwind direction. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis
Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, CPCB, 1994
Once every season for three seasons (except monsoons) per year for each year of Construction
Continuous 24 hours/ or for 1 full working day
(i) Wherever the contractor decides to locate the Hot mix plant (ii) At critical stretches as indicated in Table 9.3
Wherever air pollution parameters increase above specified standards, additional measures as decided by the Engineer shall be adopted
BOT Concessionaire through approved monitoring agency
Independent Engineer / PIU
Operation
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx,
CO & HC.
Respirable Dust Sampler / High volume sampler to be located 50 m from the plant in the downwind direction. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis
Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, CPCB, 1994
Once every year for winter season for five years after completion of construction activity.
Continuous 24 hours
i) At critical stretches as indicated in Table 9.3
Wherever air pollution parameters increase above specified standards, additional measures as decided by the Engineer shall be adopted
BOT Concessionaire through approved monitoring agency
PIU
Water Construction
(i) pH, BOD,COD, TDS, Pb, Oil & Grease and Detergents for Surface (ii) Water pH, TDS, Total Hardness, Sulphate, Chloride, Fe, Pb for Ground Water
Grab sample collected from source and analyse as per Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater
Indian Standards for Inland Surface Waters (IS: 2296, 1982) and for Drinking Water (IS: 10500, 1991)
Twice a year (Pre monsoon and Post monsoon seasons) for each year during the Construction Period
Grab Sampling
At all locations as indicated in Table 9.3
At locations of increase in water pollution, all inflow channels shall be checked for pollution loads and channel delivering higher pollution load shall be terminated from disposal into the water source and other methods of disposal shall be adopted
BOT Concessionaire through approved monitoring agency
Independent Engineer / PIU
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Attribute Project Stage
Parameter Special Guidance Standards Frequency Duration Location Measures Institutional Responsibility
Impl’ion Super’ ion
Noise
Construction
Noise levels on dB (A) scale
Free field at 1 m from the equipment whose noise levels are being determined.
MoEF Noise Rules, 2000
Once every season (except monsoons) for each year of Construction
Readings to be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15 minutes every hour and then averaged.
Wherever the contractor decides to locate the Equipment yard
Incase of noise levels causing disturbance to the sensitive receptors, double-glazing of openings of the receptor walls shall be provided.
BOT Concessionaire through approved monitoring agency
Independent Engineer / PIU
Noise levels on dB (A) scale
Equivalent noise levels using an integrated noise level meter kept at a distance of 15 from edge of pavement
MoEF Noise Rules, 2000
Once every season (except monsoons) for each year of Construction
Readings to be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15 minutes every hour and then averaged.
At critical stretches as indicated in Table 9.3
BOT Concessionaire through approved monitoring agency
Independent Engineer / PIU
Operation
Noise levels on dB (A) scale
Equivalent noise levels using an integrated noise level meter kept at a distance of 15 from edge of pavement
MoEF Noise Rules, 2000
Once every seasons (except monsoons) for five year after completion of construction activity.
Readings to be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15 minutes every hour and then averaged.
At all the critical receptors as mentioned in Table 5.3 (ii) Additional sites will be monitored. The location will be decided by the PIU (EC).
Incase of noise levels causing disturbance to the sensitive receptors, double-glazing of openings of the receptor shall be provided.
BOT Concessionaire, through an approved monitoring agency
PIU
Soil
Construction
Monitoring of Pb, SAR and Oil & Grease
Sample of soil collected to beacidified and analysed using absorption spectrophotometer
Threshold for each contaminant set by IRIS database of USEPA until national standards are promulgated
During the Pre monsoon & Post monsoon season each year for the entire construction period
Grab Sampling
At productive agricultural lands abutting traffic detours and traffic diversions and major intersections, as indicated in Table 9.3
At locations of increase in pollution levels, source shall be identified and shall be diverted from further disposal
BOT Concessionaire through approved monitoring agency
Independent Engineer / PIU
Monitoring after any major accidents / spillage during bulk transport of hazardous material. Depending on the type of spillage/accident the parameters to be monitored will be decided by the Engineer apart from those mentioned above.
BOT Concessionaire through approved monitoring agency
Independent Engineer / PIU
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REPORTING SYSTEM
Reporting system for the suggested monitoring program operates at two levels as:
a.) Reporting for environmental condition indicators and environmental management
indicators (except tree cutting indicator)
b.) Reporting for operational performance indicators at the PIU level.
BOT Concessionnaire and Independent Engineer operate the reporting system for environmental
condition and environmental management indicators (except tree cutting). PIU will operate the
reporting system for environmental management tree cutting indicator and operation
performance indicators. The PIU will set the targets for each activity envisaged in the EMP
beforehand and all reports will be against these targets.
Concessionaire will report to the Independent Engineer, on the progress of the implementation of
environmental conditions and management measures as per the monitoring plans. The
Independent Engineer will in turn report to the PIU on a quarterly basis. The PIU will send
compliance report to the MoEF every six months as per the conditions of clearance granted for
the project after receiving the report from the contractor and duly verified by the Engineer. The
reports submitted to the MoEF will also be forwarded to the NHAI Head Office. Reporting formats
for contractors have been prepared, which will form the basis of monitoring, by the Engineer. The
details of reporting formats prepared for the project is presented in Table 10.3.
Table 10.3: Summary Details of Reporting Formats
Format
No. Item Stage
BOT Concessionaire Independent Engineer (IE)
Implementation &
Reporting to IE Supervision Reporting to PIU
EM1 Identification of
Dumping Locations
Pre-Construction One Time One Time One Time
EM2 Setting up of
Construction Camp
Pre-Construction One Time One Time One Time
EM3 Borrow Area
Identification
Pre-Construction One Time One Time One Time
EM4 Enhancement
Measures for Cultural
Properties, Water
bodies & Incidental
Spaces
Construction
Monthly Monthly Monthly
EM5 Tree Plantation and
Landscaping
Construction Monthly Monthly
EM6 Top Soil Monitoring Construction Quarterly Continuous Quarterly
EC 1 Pollution Monitoring Construction As Per Monitoring
Plan Quarterly Quarterly
EC 2 Pollution Monitoring Operation - - -
OP 1 Survival Rate of Trees Operation - - -
OP 2 Utility of Enhancement
Measures for Cultural
Properties, Water
bodies and Incidental
Spaces
Operation
- - -
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Format
No. Item Stage
BOT Concessionaire Independent Engineer (IE)
Implementation &
Reporting to IE Supervision Reporting to PIU
OP 3 Status Regarding
Rehabilitation of
Borrow Areas
Operation
- - -
OP 4 Utility of Noise Barrier Operation - - -
In addition to these formats, to ensure that the environmental provisions are included at every
activity of the implementation by the contractor, it is suggested that the approval of the
environmental personnel of the engineer is required in the Request for application to proceed or
other similar reporting formats used by the contractor. These will not only ensure that the
environmental provisions are addressed but also link the satisfactory compliance to
environmental procedures prior to approval of the Interim Payment Certificate (IPC) by the
Engineer. The activities by the contractor that can impact the environment will be identified based
on discussions between the PIU, team leader of the Engineer and the Environmental personnel
of the Engineer. The decisions will be communicated to the contractor prior to the start of the
construction activities.
10.3 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
The NHAI is responsible for implementation of all the mitigation and management measure
suggested in the EMP. The NHAI already has certain organizational and institutional capacity to
be able to satisfactorily complete the implementation of the EMP. The capacity was mainly
created due to the requirements of implementing of this project corridor of the NHDP.
10.4 TRAINING
The Environmental Unit at the NHAI headquarters and the PIUs, who would be responsible for
the implementation of the EMP, need to be trained on the effective implementation of the
environmental issues. To ensure the success of the implementation set up proposed, there is a
high requirement of training and skill up-gradation at the field level also.
The requirements of training will be in line with the existing modules being adopted by NHAI for
training of the implementing agency. Additional training if required will be identified by the PIU
during/prior to implementation and accordingly included in the Scope of Services of the Engineer
employed for supervision of the project with necessary budgetary provisions.
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11. ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET
11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Budgetary estimates for environmental management include all items envisaged as part of the
Environmental Management Plans. These costs have been worked out based on the estimates
for the mitigation measures. A substantial portion of the works costs will form a part of
contractors’ costs. The environment budget includes provisions for the various environmental
management measures (other than measures considered under good engineering practices). It
also includes the environmental monitoring and training costs. The environmental budget for the
various environmental management measures proposed in the EMP is detailed in Table 11.1.
There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good
engineering practices, the costs for which has been accounted for in the Engineering Cost.
Various environmental aspects covered under engineering costs are listed below:
Turfing and Pitching of slopes
Construction of slope protection works
Construction of roadside amenities as bus stops
The total environmental mitigation costs for the project road is Rs 254.95 million. The detailed
cost is given in Table 11.1.
Table 11.1: Environmental Costs
Sl No Activity Unit Cost (Rs) Quantity Amount (Rs.)
A. Construction Phase
1 Air Quality Monitoring 8000/sample 113 904000
2 Monitoring of Air Quality near hot mix plants
8000/sample 30 240000
3 Noise Monitoring 4000/sample 113 452000
4
Noise Monitoring at Equipment yards (at 5 locations within equipment yards)
4000/sample for 5 equipment
yards 188 752000
5 Water Quality Monitoring 8000/sample 68 544000
6 Soil Quality Monitoring 6000/sample 93 558000
7 Median Plantation 250/plant 213180 53295000
8 Oil Intercepter 60000 4 240000
9 Silt Fencing 370/sqm 960 355200
10 Noise Barrier
(a) Noise Barrier (Vegetative with trees Guard)
4000 39 156000
(b) Noise Barrier (Wall) 15000 39 585000
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Sl No Activity Unit Cost (Rs) Quantity Amount (Rs.)
11 Compensatory Plantation (three times tree cutting)
1500 106956 160434000
12 Temple Enhancement 150000 74 11100000
Total 229615200
B. Operation Phase
Monitoring of Environmental Attributes during Operation Stage
1 Monitoring of Air Quality at critical Locations upto 25yrs, once in every 2 yrs
8000/sample 15*1*12 1440000
2 Monitoring of Noise level at critical Locations upto 25 yrs, once in every 2 yrs
4000/sample 15*1*12 720000
Total 2160000
Total (A+B) 231775200
Contingency (10%) 23177520
Total 254952720
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.1 Project Description .................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.2 Objectives of the Assignment ................................................................................................................... 11
1.2.3 Scope of EIA ............................................................................................................................................ 12
1.3 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA .............................................................................................................................. 12
1.3.1 Review of Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ......................................................................... 13
1.3.2 Assessment of Baseline Environmental Status ......................................................................................... 13
1.3.3 Assessment of Alternatives ....................................................................................................................... 13
1.3.4 Assessment of Potential Impacts .............................................................................................................. 13
1.3.5 Integration of Environmental Assessments in the Design Process .......................................................... 13
1.3.6 Conduct of Community Consultations ..................................................................................................... 13
1.3.7 Identified Mitigation & Environmental Enhancement Measures ............................................................ 13
1.3.8 Preparation of the Preliminary Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ............................................. 13
1.4 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................................................ 14
1.5 STRUCTURE OF REPORT ........................................................................................................................ 14
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 15
2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 15
2.2 PROJECT CORRIDOR CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................ 15
2.2.1 Existing Right-of-Way (RoW) .................................................................................................................. 15
2.2.2 Traffic Scenario ....................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.3 Land Use and Road side Environments ................................................................................................... 17
2.2.4 Major Settlements Enroute ...................................................................................................................... 19
2.3 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................... 21
2.4 IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS ........................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.1 Widening Scheme ..................................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.2 Proposed Bypasses .................................................................................................................................. 25
2.4.3 Proposed RoW Width ............................................................................................................................... 26
2.4.4 Proposed Median Width .......................................................................................................................... 26
2.4.5 Proposed Road Features ......................................................................................................................... 26
TOLL PLAZA ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
2.5 INTERSECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 28
2.6 ROAD DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................................................... 30
2.6.1 Covered Drain below Footpath in Urban Areas...................................................................................... 30
2.6.2 Road-side Drain ....................................................................................................................................... 30
2.6.3 Chute Drains ............................................................................................................................................ 30
2.6.4 Additional Culvert for Field Channel ...................................................................................................... 30
2.6.5 Additional Culvert at Cross Road ............................................................................................................ 30
2.7 SOURCE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ......................................................................................... 31
2.7.1 Quarries for Sand .................................................................................................................................... 31
2.7.2 Source for Water ...................................................................................................................................... 31
2.8 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................................................. 32
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2.9 HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ..................................................................................... 32
2.10 ROAD SAFETY MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 32
2.10.1 Carriageway Markings ........................................................................................................................ 32
2.10.2 Traffic Signs ........................................................................................................................................ 33
2.10.3 Safety Barriers ..................................................................................................................................... 33
2.11 LAND REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................................. 33
3. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................ 35
3.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................................... 35
Legislation and Regulations: Environmental legislation, regulations and policy guidelines that may apply to this
project and government agencies that administer them are summarized in Table 2.1. ........................................ 35
3.2 THE LEGAL SETTING ............................................................................................................................... 35
3.3 CLEARANCE PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................... 39
3.3.1 The EIA Notification ................................................................................................................................ 39
3.3.2 Categorisation and Clearance Requirement for the Present Project ...................................................... 40
4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ..................................................................................................... 41
4.1 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................................... 41
4.2 STUDY REGION DELINEATION........................................................................................................................ 41
4.3 COLLECTION & COLLATION OF DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FEATURES .................................... 42
4.3.1 Primary Data Collection ......................................................................................................................... 42
4.3.2 Secondary Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 42
4.4 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 42
4.4.1 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................................................ 43
4.4.2 Physiography and Terrain ....................................................................................................................... 44
Soil ........................................................................................................................................................................ 45
Land Use ............................................................................................................................................................... 46
Noise Quality ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
Ecology ................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Institutional Facility.............................................................................................................................................. 58
Coastal Regulation Zone ....................................................................................................................................... 60
4.5 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................... 60
4.5.1 Social Environment .................................................................................................................................. 60
4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ........................................................................................................................... 61
4.6.1 Population Distribution ........................................................................................................................... 61
4.6.2 Population Density .................................................................................................................................. 61
4.6.3 Sex Ratio .................................................................................................................................................. 62
4.6.4 Vulnerable Population ............................................................................................................................. 62
4.6.5 Literacy Rate ............................................................................................................................................ 62
4.6.6 Workforce Participation .......................................................................................................................... 63
4.6.7 Right of Way ............................................................................................................................................ 63
4.6.8 Cultural Environment .............................................................................................................................. 64
5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................... 65
5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 65
5.2 WITH OR WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO.......................................................................................................... 66
5.3 ALIGNMENT SELECTION ................................................................................................................................ 66
5.4 ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS FOR BYPASSES ..................................................................................................... 67
III
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment Rev – R0
5.4.1 Bypasses Proposed by R&B ..................................................................................................................... 67
5.4.2 Bypasses Proposed by STUP ................................................................................................................... 72
6. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................... 83
7. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ......................................................................................................................... 97
7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 97
7.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 97
7.2.1 Borrow Pits for Construction of Embankment and Sub-grade ................................................................ 98
7.2.2 Quarries for Aggregates .......................................................................................................................... 98
7.2.3 Quarries for Sand .................................................................................................................................... 99
7.2.4 Water Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 99
7.2.5 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................. 100
7.2.6 Noise Levels ........................................................................................................................................... 101
Roadside Trees .................................................................................................................................................... 102
7.2.7 Fauna ..................................................................................................................................................... 102
7.3 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................... 102
7.3.1 Impact on Educational Institutes and Hospitals .................................................................................... 102
7.3.2 Impact on Cultural Environment ........................................................................................................... 103
8. MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 106
8.1 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................ 106
8.1.1 Land Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 106
8.1.2 Soil Resources ........................................................................................................................................ 106
8.1.3 Water Resources .................................................................................................................................... 110
8.1.4 Air Pollution Control Measures ............................................................................................................. 113
8.1.5 Noise Control Measures ........................................................................................................................ 114
8.1.6 Safety Measures during ......................................................................................................................... 117
8.1.7 Construction: ......................................................................................................................................... 117
8.1.8 Bus Stop ................................................................................................................................................. 120
8.1.9 Avoidance / Enhancement Measures for Cultural Properties ............................................................... 121
8.1.10 Highway Landscaping ....................................................................................................................... 121
9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................... 123
9.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE ......................................................................................................................... 123
9.1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU ......................................................................................................... 123
9.1.2 Pre-construction activities by BOT Concessionaire/Independent Engineer .......................................... 123
9.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE ................................................................................................................................ 123
9.2.1 Construction Stage activities by BOT Concessionaire .......................................................................... 123
9.2.2 Construction Stage Activities by PIU..................................................................................................... 124
9.3 OPERATION STAGE ..................................................................................................................................... 124
9.4 OTHER ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................................... 124
10. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN .................................................................................................... 141
10.1 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ............................................................................................................. 141
10.2 PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................. 142
REPORTING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................ 146
10.3 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 147
10.4 TRAINING ................................................................................................................................................ 147
IV
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment Rev – R0
11. ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET ................................................................................................................... 148
11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 148
V
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment Rev – R0
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Existing RoW ........................................................................................................................ 16
Table 2.2: Homogenous sections on project corridor ............................................................................ 16
Table 2.3: Projected Traffic .................................................................................................................... 16
Table 2.4: Summary of landuse ............................................................................................................. 17
Table 2.5: Urban Areas along the Project Corridor ............................................................................... 19
Table 2.6: Length of Widening Options Considered ............................................................................. 21
Table 2.7: Summary of Cross Drainage Structures ............................................................................... 26
Table 2.8: List of Bus stop along the Project Corridor ........................................................................... 27
Table 2.9: Tollplaza Locations ............................................................................................................... 28
Table 2.10: Proposed intersection Improvements ................................................................................. 28
Table 2.11: Details of Major Intersections ............................................................................................. 29
Table 2.12: Details of Intersections of Minor Intersection ..................................................................... 30
Table 2.13: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates ............................................................................... 31
Table 2.14: Details of Sand Quarry ....................................................................................................... 31
Table 2.15: Location details of Water Sample ....................................................................................... 32
Table 2.16: Land Requirement .............................................................................................................. 34
Table 3.1: Summary of Relevant Legal Requirements considered for this Project and Institution
responsible .......................................................................................................................... 36
Table 3.2: Statutory Clearance Requirements ...................................................................................... 40
Table 4.1: Temperature of the Project Region ...................................................................................... 43
Table 4.2: Monthly Average Humidity of the Project Region (in %) ...................................................... 44
Table 4.3: Rainfall in the Project Districts (in mm)] ............................................................................... 44
Table 4.4: Mean Wind Speed (Kmph) ................................................................................................... 44
Table 4.5: Landuse in the Project RoW ................................................................................................. 46
Table 4.6: Ambient Air Quality Results .................................................................................................. 47
Table 4.7: Noise Quality Results ........................................................................................................... 49
Table 4.8: River Crossing the Project stretch ........................................................................................ 51
VI
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment Rev – R0
Table 4.9: Ponds along the alignment ................................................................................................... 53
Table 4.10: Depth to ground water level along the corridor .................................................................. 54
Table 4.11: Water Quality Results ......................................................................................................... 55
Table 4.12: Road Side Tree Species ..................................................................................................... 58
Table 4.13: Educational Institutes along the project road ..................................................................... 58
Table 4.14: Number of Settlements along the Project Corridor ............................................................ 60
Table 4.15: Population Distribution in talukas along the Project Corridor, 2011 ................................... 61
Table 4.16: Population Distribution and Density along Project Corridor, 2011 ..................................... 61
Table 4.17: Sex Ratio along Project Corridor, 2011 .............................................................................. 62
Table 4.18: Share of Vulnerable Groups along Project Corridor, 2001 ................................................ 62
Table 4.19: Literacy Rate along Project Corridor, 2011 ........................................................................ 63
Table 4.20: Type of Workers within the Project Influence Area, 2001 .................................................. 63
Table 4.21: Landuse along the Project Corridor .................................................................................... 63
Table 4.22: Protected and Conserved Monuments Located in the Project Districts ............................. 64
Table 7.1: Probable Soil Borrow Pits ..................................................................................................... 98
Table 7.2: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates ................................................................................. 98
Table 7.3: Details of Sand Quarry ......................................................................................................... 99
Table 7.4: Water Contaminants, sources & receptors .........................................................................100
Table 7.5: Roadside Schools along project corridor ............................................................................102
Table 7.6: Roadside Religious Properties along project corridor ........................................................103
Table 8.1: Measures to minimize air pollution during the progress of work ........................................113
Table 8.2: Locations proposed for Vegetative Barriers .......................................................................115
Table 8.3: Locations of Underpasses ..................................................................................................117
Table 9.1: Environmental Management Measures ..............................................................................125
Table 10.1: Performance Indicators for the Project .............................................................................141
Table 10.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan .........................................................................................144
Table 10.3: Summary Details of Reporting Formats ...........................................................................146
Table 11.1: Environmental Costs .........................................................................................................148
VII
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment Rev – R0
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Project Corridor.................................................................................................................... 10
Fig – 2.2: Typical cross section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road ......................................... 22
Fig – 2.3: Typical Cross Section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road ........................................ 22
Fig – 2.4: cross section of 4-lane with service road .............................................................................. 23
Fig – 2.5: Typical cross section of 4-lane Flyover/Underpass with slip road ........................................ 23
Fig – 2.6: Typical cross section of 6-Lane with service road ................................................................. 24
Fig – 2.7: Typical cross section of 6-Lane Flyover / Underpass with Slip Road ................................... 24
Fig 5.1: Adhewada Bypass .................................................................................................................... 68
Fig 5.2: Budhel Bypass Option .............................................................................................................. 68
Fig 5.3: kobadi Bypass ........................................................................................................................... 69
Fig 5.4: Bhandaria Bypass Option ......................................................................................................... 70
Fig 5.5: Tansa Bypass Option ............................................................................................................... 70
Fig 5.6: Trapej Bypass Option ............................................................................................................... 71
Fig 5.7: Una Bypass Option ................................................................................................................... 72
Fig 5.8: Talaja Bypass Options .............................................................................................................. 73
Fig 5.9: Bhadrad Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 74
Fig 5.10: Datardi Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 75
Fig 5.11: Hemal Bypass Options ........................................................................................................... 76
Fig 5.12: Samter Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 77
Fig 5.13 Dholasa Bypass Option ........................................................................................................... 77
Fig 5.14: Chorwad Bypass Option ......................................................................................................... 78
Fig 5.15: Prachi Bypass Options ........................................................................................................... 79
Fig 5.16: Kukasawada bypass Option ................................................................................................... 80
Fig 5.17: Madhavpur Bypass Options.................................................................................................... 81
Fig 5.18: Porbandhar Bypass Options ................................................................................................... 82
Figure 8.1 Stone Pitching .....................................................................................................................108
Figure 8.2 Oil Interceptor .....................................................................................................................109
VIII
Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.
Environmental Impact Assessment Rev – R0
Figure 8.28.3: Channelised Embankment: Chute Drain ......................................................................110
Figure 8.4: Cross-section of Silt Fencing .............................................................................................112
Figure 8.5: Layout Plan of Silt Fencing ................................................................................................112
Recommended