Technical Paper Japan09122020 · were useful, important & move the field forward Why they’re...

Saifur Rahman, PhDPresident, IEEE Power & Energy Society 2018 & 2019

Professor, ECE Department, Virginia Tech, USA

Webinar 12 September 2020

How to Write an Effective Technical Paper

Webinar Speaker, Saifur Rahman, Ph.D.Professor and DirectorVirginia Tech Advanced Research Institute

9/10/20 2

EducationPh.D., Electrical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1978.M.S., Electrical Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1975.B.Sc., Electrical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1972

Professional Society Activities

ØIEEE Member since 1975, Fellow 1998, Life Fellow 2014ØPresident, IEEE PES, 2018-2019ØVice president, Publications, IEEE PES, 2001-2003, 2012-2013ØVice President, Publications, IEEE, 2006ØEditor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2010-2012ØEditor-in-Chief, IEEE Electrifications Magazine, 2013-2014ØLaunched, the IEEE Power & Energy Technology Systems Journal (Open Access), 2014

3

4

www.srahman.org

5

AudienceAudience

6

1.Are you writing this paper for the sake of writing a paper?

2.Or do you want to show how others can benefit from your work?

AudienceBasic Questions

7

• Whowritesscientificpapers?

• Engineers,scientists,educatorsandresearchersfrom:

Ø CorporationsØ AcademiaØ Government

• Studentstypicallywriteandpresentconferencepapersbeforesubmittingjournalarticles

AudienceScientific research publishing

8

• Contentthatisappropriate,inscopeandlevel• Clearlywrittenoriginalmaterialthataddressesanew

andimportantproblem• Extensionofpreviouslypublishedwork• Validmethodsandrationale• Illustrations,tablesandgraphsthatsupportthetext• Referencesthatarecurrentandrelevanttothesubject

AudienceWhat IEEE editors and reviewers are looking for

9

AudienceHow does the review process work?

• Editor-in-Chiefgetsthepaperafteritgoesthroughcontentmatchcheck(iAuthenticate)and“bannedauthor”check

• Ifthepaperisinscopeforthejournal,itisassignedtoaneditor(associateeditor)

• Editorassignsthepapertofiveormorereviewers• Reviewerssendtheircommentsbacktotheeditor• EditormakesarecommendationtotheEICasfollows:

o Accepto Revise&Resubmito Reject

• TheEICmakesthefinaldecisionandinformsthecorrespondingauthor

10

AudienceWhy IEEE editors and reviewers reject papers

• Thecontentisnotagoodfitforthepublication• Thereareseriousscientificflaws:

• Inconclusiveresultsorincorrectinterpretation• Fraudulentresearch

• Itispoorlywritten• Itdoesnotaddressabigenoughproblem

oradvancethescientificfield• Mostoftheworkwaspreviouslypublished• Thequalityisnotgoodenoughforthejournal• Reviewershavemisunderstoodthearticle

11

Structure

12

Title

Results/Discussions/Findings

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Methodology

References

Conclusion

Paper StructureElements of a manuscript

13

GoodTitle

BadTitle

VS.

Paper StructureTitle

Aneffectivetitleshould…•Answerthereader’squestion:“Isthisarticlerelevanttome?”•Grabthereader’sattention•Describethecontentofapaperusingthefewestpossiblewords

• Iscrisp,concise• Useskeywords• Avoidsjargon

Paper Structure

Title Dos and Don’ts

A Human Expert-based Approach to Electrical Peak Demand ManagementVSA better approach of managing environmental and energy sustainability via a study of different methods of electric load forecasting

14

15

What you did

Why you did it

How the results were useful,

important & move the field forward

Why they’re useful & important & move the field forward

Paper StructureAbstract

A“standalone” condensedversionofthearticle• Nomorethan250words;

canusepastorpresenttense• Useskeywordsandindex

terms

Paper Structure

Abstract Dos and Don’tsThe objective of this paper was to propose a human expert-based approach to electrical peak demand management. The proposed approach helped to allocate demand curtailments (MW) among distribution substations (DS) or feeders in an electric utility service area based on requirements of the central load dispatch center. Demand curtailment allocation was quantified taking into account demand response (DR) potential and load curtailment priority of each DS, which can be determined using DS loading level, capacity of each DS, customer types (residential/commercial) and load categories (deployable, interruptible or critical). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to model a complex decision-making process according to both expert inputs and objective parameters. Simulation case studies were conducted to demonstrate how the proposed approach can be implemented to perform DR using real-world data from an electric utility. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed approach is capable of achieving realistic demand curtailment allocations among different DSs to meet the peak load reduction requirements at the utility level.

Vs

This paper presents and assesses a framework for an engineering capstone design program. We explain how student preparation, project selection, and instructor mentorship are the three key elements that must be addressed before the capstone experience is ready for the students. Next, we describe a way to administer and execute the capstone design experience including design workshops and lead engineers. We describe the importance in assessing the capstone design experience and report recent assessment results of our framework. We comment specifically on what students thought were the most important aspects of their experience in engineering capstone design and provide quantitative insight into what parts of the framework are most important.

16

First person, present tenseNo actual results, only describes the organization of the paper

17

UseintheTitleandAbstractforenhancedSearchEngineOptimization

Paper StructureKeywords

Appropriate

Applicable

Specific

Searchable

Logical

18

Generally known

information about the topic

Prior studies’ historical context to

your research

Your hypothesis and an

overview of the results

How the article is

organized

• Theintroductionshouldbe:• Specific,nottoobroadorvague• About1-2pages• Writteninthepresenttense

Paper StructureIntroduction

• Adescriptionoftheproblemyouresearched• Itshouldmovestepbystepthrough:

19

• Problemformulationandtheprocessesusedtosolvetheproblem,proveordisprovethehypothesis

• Useillustrations toclarifyideasandsupportconclusions:

TablesPresent representative data

or when exact values are important to show

GraphsShow relationships

between data points or trends in data

FiguresQuickly show ideas/conclusions that would require detailed explanations

Paper StructureMethodology

Fig. A

20

Discussion

Results

Paper StructureResults/discussionDemonstratethatyousolvedtheproblemormadesignificantadvances

Results:SummarizestheData• Shouldbeclearandconcise• Usefiguresortableswithnarrativetoillustratefindings

Discussion:InterpretstheResults•Whyyourresearchoffersanewsolution• Howcanitbenefitotherresearchersprofessionals

21

• Explainwhattheresearchhasachieved• Asitrelatestotheproblemstated

intheIntroduction• Revisitthekeypointsineachsection• Includeasummaryofthemainfindings

andimplicationsforthefield• Providebenefitsandshortcomingsof:

• Thesolutionpresented• Yourresearchandmethodology

• Suggestfutureareasforresearch

Paper StructureConclusion

22

• Supportandvalidatethehypothesisyourresearchproves,disprovesorresolves

• Thereisnolimittothenumberofreferences• Butuseonlythosethatdirectly

supportyourwork(about30)

• Ensureproperauthorattribution• Authorname,articletitle,

publicationname,publisher,yearpublished,volumeandpagenumber,DigitalObjectIdentifier(DOI)

Properly cited

material

Paper StructureReferences

23

AReport

Areportdocumentsindetailtheworkdoneincludingresultsforaprojectandhasaleadauthorandothermultipleauthors

ATechnicalPaper

• Ithighlightsoneormoreaspectsofareport

• Multiplepaperscancomeoutofonereport

• Includeanyandallwhohavecontributedtothewritingofthepaper

• Otherscanbeacknowledged

Who should be on the Authors’ list

24

Ethics

25

Conflict of Interest

• A financial or other relationship with the publication at odds with the unbiased presentation of data or analysis.

Plagiarism

• Copying another person’s work word for word or paraphrasing without proper citation.

Missing Author Attribution

• Must be given if you use another author’s ideas in your article, even if you do not directly quote a source.

EthicsTypes of misconduct

26

Plagiarism

• Avoidplagiarism• Citeandseparateanyverbatimcopied

material– buthowmuch?

• Paraphraseother’stextproperly,andincludecitation

• Creditanyideasfromothersources

• FamiliarizeyourselfwithIEEEPolicies

EthicsEthical publishing

Refer to our Tips Sheet http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/authors/plagiarism_and_multiple_submissions.pdf

27

Duplication, Redundancies & Multiple Submissions

• Authormustsubmitoriginalworkthat:• Hasnotappearedelsewhereforpublication

• Isnotunderreviewforanotherrefereedpublication

• Citespreviouswork

• Indicateshowitdiffersfromthepreviouslypublishedwork

• AuthorsMUSTalsoinformtheeditorwhensubmittinganypreviouslypublishedwork

EthicsEthical publishing

Refer to our Tips Sheet http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/authors/plagiarism_and_multiple_submissions.pdf

28

Where to Publish?

TraditionalJournals-Articlesavailablethroughsubscription

OpenAccessJournals–Authorpays,freedownload

HybridJournals–Mostarticlesaretraditional,someareopen

access(authorpreference)29

30

Open AccessPublications

Next Steps

Open Access Opportunity for IEEE Authors (Author pays model)

IEEEprovides3openaccesspublishingoptionstomeetthevaryingneedsofauthors:

• Newmultidisciplinaryjournal,IEEEAccess

• 100+Hybridjournals• Fullyopenaccesstopical

journals

31

http://open.ieee.org/More Information

PES Full Open Access Option #1

IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy– WillstartpublishingarticlesfromJanuary2020– ExistingOAJournalofPowerandEnergyTechnologySystemswillbe

rebrandedwiththisnewname, scopecoveringtheentirefieldofPESforbothpractice-orientedandacademicarticles

– ArticleprocessingchargesubsidisedatUS$1350– Between10-15articleseachyearwillreceivefurthersubsidydepending

onauthors’affordability/circumstances

32

PES Full Open Access Option #2

AdedicatedsectiononPower&EnergyforpublishingpapersinthePESfieldinIEEEAccess

– ThesectionwillstartfromJanuary2020,submissionsstartedinSeptember2019

– Paperwillbehandledby3PES-appointedEditors– APC:US$1750

33

34

Impact Factor

35

Are we depending too heavily on Impact Factors?

36

Impact Factor from Journal Citation Reports

37

Impact Factor is not necessarily enough of a metric

Other attributes:

• Journal’sreputationinthecommunityisimportant

• Fornewandlesserknownjournals–lookattheeditorialboard,theirreputation

38

Other ways of judging a journal’s value to the engineering community

1. NumberofDownloads(IEEEusesthisinformationforrevenuedistribution)

2. PatentCitations(AvailablefromIEEE)

39

Follow-up Steps

40

DiscussthecontentamongteammembersLiteraturesearch– ReferenceListDescriptionoftheExperiment/ModelResults/DiscussionWritetheConclusionCollectthecomponents– PreparethedraftAllmemberscommentonthedraftProducethefinalcopy

Process of Writing the Paper

IwouldliketoseeabroaderIEEEWeneedtoensurethatweare“READYFORRECOVERY”,whenwegetbacktothe“NEWNORMAL”afterCOVID-19.Letusenhancecooperation,collaborationandcommunityspirit.

ForthisweneedtomakeIEEEbroadersothatIEEEismorerelevanttotheworkourmembersdoregardlesswheretheywork.

WeneedmoreparticipationfromvolunteersgloballyinIEEEgovernance.AbroaderbasedIEEEwillmaketheInstitutemorerelevanttotechnologistsandacademicsfromallpartsoftheworld.

9/10/20

42

IEEEPresident-electCandidate2020

Past-PresidentofIEEEPower&EnergySocietyPast-Chair,IEEEPublicationServices&ProductsBoard

PESaccomplishments:PESUniversityPESCorporateEngagementProgramPESChapters’CouncilsinChina,India,AfricaandLatinAmerica

website: https://www.srahman.org.

Vote at www.ieee.org/elections