The American Revolution. American Revolution What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no...

The American The American RevolutionRevolution

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

What do we mean by the What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no Revolution? The war? That was no part of the revolution; it was only part of the revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. an effect and consequence of it. The revolution was in the minds of The revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected the people, and this was effected from 1760 - 1775, in the course of from 1760 - 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington. blood was shed at Lexington.

Adams – Letter to Jefferson 8/14/1815.Adams – Letter to Jefferson 8/14/1815.

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Was the American Revolution Was the American Revolution a revolution, or an a revolution, or an orchestrated class revolt?orchestrated class revolt?

Rivals for North Rivals for North AmericaAmerica

English Settlements Along CoastEnglish Settlements Along Coast

French ColoniesFrench Colonies

King Louis XIV

MercantilismMercantilism

Raw materials Manufactured

Goods

Colonies serve as sources for: and markets for:

French Wanted New French Wanted New FranceFrance

For ……………

Goods for Caribbean Colonies

Raw Materials for France

Royal ColonyRoyal Colony

Confronted IroquoisConfronted Iroquois

Encouraged French Encouraged French ImmigrationImmigration

Rivals for North Rivals for North AmericaAmerica

North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

1754: The 1754: The First ClashFirst Clash1754: The 1754: The First ClashFirst Clash

Not this Clash

The The Ohio Ohio

ValleyValley

1754 Albany Plan of 1754 Albany Plan of UnionUnion

Foreshadow of things

yet to come?

1756 War Formally 1756 War Formally DeclaredDeclared

1758-1761 Tide Turns for

England

North America in 1763

Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

France Lost

Canada

French Territories in India

Lands East of the Mississippi

Spain Gained

Lands West of the Mississippi

But lost Florida

Effects of the War?

Wh

o is

goin

g to

p

ay?

Raise Revenue

Royal Proclamation of 1763

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Tension Along the Frontier

"No prince has ever begun his reign by so glorious a war and so generous a peace."

Lord Egremont to King George III of Great Britain, crowned on 25 October 1760, just two weeks after the fall of Montreal ending the French and Indian War

OPENING Q

Broadside – Name the WarBroadside – Name the War

Opening QOpening Q

"The injuries we have "The injuries we have received from the British received from the British nation were so unprovoked, nation were so unprovoked, and have been so great and and have been so great and so many, that they can so many, that they can never be forgotten."never be forgotten."

George WashingtonGeorge Washington Letter to J. Banister, 1778Letter to J. Banister, 1778

Myths of the RevolutionMyths of the Revolution

How would you describe the How would you describe the British during the American British during the American Revolution?Revolution?

How would you describe the How would you describe the Americans?Americans?

Are these impressions true? Are these impressions true?

Tax ActsTax Acts

The Road to RevolutionThe Road to Revolution

Sugar Act - 1764Sugar Act - 1764

In GB, called Revenue Act of 1764In GB, called Revenue Act of 1764 Extension of prior act (Molasses act of ’63)Extension of prior act (Molasses act of ’63) Actually lowered tariff from 6p to 3pActually lowered tariff from 6p to 3p

Attempt to stop smugglingAttempt to stop smuggling Issue of jurisdictionIssue of jurisdiction

Was to raise 45,000 Lbs, needed 100,000Was to raise 45,000 Lbs, needed 100,000 Massachusetts was only state to resistMassachusetts was only state to resist

Mass House of Representatives objectedMass House of Representatives objected Cited taxation w/o representationCited taxation w/o representation

Stamp Act - 1765Stamp Act - 1765

Tax on all documents & printed itemsTax on all documents & printed items Includes cards – “brawn”Includes cards – “brawn” Legal documents – “brains”Legal documents – “brains”

British thought tax would be British thought tax would be acceptableacceptable Spoke with Franklin, he agreed.Spoke with Franklin, he agreed.

This act lead to boycott.This act lead to boycott. Repealed in 1766Repealed in 1766

In conjunction w/ passing of Declaratory In conjunction w/ passing of Declaratory ActAct

Confirmed Parliament’s rightsConfirmed Parliament’s rights

Townsend Acts - 1767Townsend Acts - 1767

Tax on goods imported into the Tax on goods imported into the coloniescolonies Included many goods, including tea.Included many goods, including tea. Boycott Boycott

Fight over Hancock’s ship LibertyFight over Hancock’s ship Liberty Leads to troops being stationed in Leads to troops being stationed in

BostonBoston Troops not the best of BritainTroops not the best of Britain Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

Acts repealed except for tea.Acts repealed except for tea.

Tea Act - 1773Tea Act - 1773

Millions of pounds of tea in Millions of pounds of tea in storage storage

East India Tea CompanyEast India Tea Company Lobbies for American MarkeyLobbies for American Markey In debt.In debt.

Once in port tax must be paid Once in port tax must be paid w/in 20 daysw/in 20 days If not, customs seizes tea & sells it.If not, customs seizes tea & sells it.

Boston refuses to unload TeaBoston refuses to unload Tea 20 days winding down20 days winding down

Intolerable Acts - 1774Intolerable Acts - 1774

4 laws4 laws Boston Port ActBoston Port Act

Port shut down until duties paidPort shut down until duties paid Massachusetts Government ActMassachusetts Government Act

British control of GovernmentBritish control of Government Justice ActJustice Act

Anyone arrested can be tried in Anyone arrested can be tried in England.England.

Quartering ActQuartering Act Colonists must harbour British troopsColonists must harbour British troops

Quebec ActQuebec Act Re-establishes Catholicism in QuebecRe-establishes Catholicism in Quebec

Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

Objective was to bring Objective was to bring colonies under controlcolonies under control

Result was colonies unitedResult was colonies united Colonies felt Mass being singled Colonies felt Mass being singled

outout First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

12 of 13 present12 of 13 present Declaration of rightsDeclaration of rights

Battle of moderates vs radicalsBattle of moderates vs radicals

Br. Gvt. measures to prevent Br. Gvt. measures to prevent smuggling:smuggling:

James Otis’James Otis’ case case

Protection of a citizen’sProtection of a citizen’s private property must private property must bebe held in higher regard held in higher regard than a parliamentary than a parliamentary statute. statute.

A 1761 1761 writs of assistancewrits of assistance

He lost He lost parliamentary parliamentary law and custom had law and custom had equalequalweight.weight.

Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire

Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire

1.1. Sugar Act - 1764 Sugar Act - 1764

2.2. Currency Act - 1764 Currency Act - 1764

4.4. Stamp Act - 1765 Stamp Act - 1765

3.3. Quartering Act - 1765 Quartering Act - 1765

George Grenville’s George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765George Grenville’s George Grenville’s

Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765

Real WhigsReal Whigs

Q->Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’sWhat was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? authority over the colonies??

Absolute?Absolute? OR OR Limited?Limited?

Q->Q-> How could the colonies give or How could the colonies give or withhold consent for withhold consent for parliamentaryparliamentary legislation when they did not legislation when they did not havehave representation in that body?? representation in that body??

Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation

Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation

Loyal NineLoyal Nine - 1765- 1765

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty – – began in began in NYC:NYC:Samuel Samuel Adams Adams

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress – 1765– 1765 ** Stamp Act ResolvesStamp Act Resolves

Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act – – 17661766

Stamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act Crisis

17671767 William Pitt, P. M. & Charles William Pitt, P. M. & Charles Townshend, Secretary of Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. the Exchequer.

A Shift from paying taxes for Br. Shift from paying taxes for Br. war war debts & quartering of troops debts & quartering of troops paying col. govt. salaries. paying col. govt. salaries.A He diverted revenue collection He diverted revenue collection from from internal to external trade. internal to external trade.A Tax these imports Tax these imports paper, paint, paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. lead, glass, tea.

A Increase custom officials at Increase custom officials at American ports American ports established a established a Board of Customs in Boston. Board of Customs in Boston.

Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770

1.1. John Dickinson John Dickinson 1768 1768 ** Letters from a Farmer inLetters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania..

2.2. 1768 1768 2 2ndnd non-importation non-importation movement: movement: ** “Daughters of Liberty”“Daughters of Liberty” ** spinning beesspinning bees

3.3. Riots against customs Riots against customs agents:agents: ** John Hancock’s ship, the John Hancock’s ship, the

LibertyLiberty.. ** 4000 British troops sent 4000 British troops sent to Boston. to Boston.

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend

DutiesDuties

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend

DutiesDuties