The Art of Questioning: Look At Your Social Sciences … · The Art of Questioning: Look At Your...

The Art of Questioning: Look At Your Social Sciences Research Topic From Multiple Perspectives

WONG KAH WEIkahwei@nus.edu.sg

What is this workshop all about?

English LanguageWritingCritical ThinkingFake News

What is this workshop all about?

Ask Questions

Search for Answers

Ask More Questions

Found Answers

What are the Learning Outcomes?

Start to use:

1. 5W 1H - What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …..and What If

2. Keywords to question

3. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal and Environment factors)

5W 1H

• What – definition, description, examples

• When – time of the issue, frequency

• Where – place, location, country, market

• Who – people affected, influencers, decision makers, people with resources

• Why – reasons, justifications, motivations

• How – method, process, technology, tools

Singapore’s Favorite FoodMemory Card Game (2min)

1. Open the cards.

2. Match the Question to the Answer.

3. Go to: http://bit.ly/2FDBhuU

Singapore’s favorite foodWhat is chicken rice? It is a dish of rice, chicken and it

is served with a bowl of chicken soup

Why do Singaporeans like chicken rice?

Chicken rice is delicious and cheap.

Who loves to eat chicken rice? Singaporeans

Where can I find the best chicken rice?

Tian Tian Hainanese Chicken Rice at Maxwell Food Centre

When do Singaporeans eat chicken rice?

Singaporeans eat chicken rice all the time!

How do you cook chicken rice? Remove fat from chicken to cook rice. Rub chicken with salt. Boil chicken.

Hypothetical ScenarioI have been reading about fake news

I want to submit a paper to the Select Committee to let them know how Singapore should fight fake news.

Refer to Worksheet

Activity (1min)Ask questions!

How Singapore should fight fake news

1. Ask questions about the statement above.2. Apply 5W 1H.3. Write questions in Worksheet.

How Singapore should fight fake news

# Questions What you expect to find

1 What is fake news?

How Singapore should fight fake news# Questions What you expect to

find

1 What is fake news?

2 Why is fake news spread?

3 How are other countries fighting fake news?

4 Where is fake news usually uploaded?

5 Who creates fake news?

6 Who spreads or shares fake news?

7 Why do people share fake news when they know it is fake?

8 How do people know news is fake?

9 When is fake news usually uploaded?

10 Why is fake news bad?

Activity (2min):Ask questions with a purpose!

# Questions What you expect to find

1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples

2 Why is fake news spread?

3 What is being done to fight news?

4 Why is fake news bad?

4. Write what you expect to find from each question

# Questions What you expect to find

1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples

2 Why is fake news spread? ReasonsCauses MotivationsIntentions

3 What is being done to fight news? SolutionsPreventive measures

4 Why is fake news bad? ImpactsOutcomesConsequences

5. What is fake news?6. Find your answer in the Internet.7. Copy and paste “What is fake news” into Google.8. Find the answer.9. Write answer and source in your worksheet.

Activity (5min)Find answers!

How Singapore should fight fake news

Question Answer Source Ask some more questions

1. What is fake news?

Verify answers

1. Click on [1] to trace the reference.

2. Click on the reference.

Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions

10. What is another way of asking

“What is fake news”?

# Questions What you expect to find

1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples

Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions

11. Copy and paste any of these questions in Google search box:

How do you define fake news?

How do you describe fake news?

How do you identify fake news?

12. Find the definition for fake news. Write your answer and the source in the worksheet.

13. Which of these questions gave you the answer to “What is fake news?”

How do you define fake news?

How do you describe fake news?

How do you identify fake news?

Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions

Question Answer Source Question

What is fake news?

…media cov-erage,….define fake news as referring to viral posts based on fictitious accountsmade to look like news reports. (Allcott and Gentzkow 2017, 213) defined fake news “to be news articlesthat are intentionallyand verifiably false, and could mislead readers”

Two main motivations underlie the production of fake news: financialand ideological.

Defining “Fake News”A typology of scholarly definitions

Journal Digital JournalismVolume 6, 2018http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143?journalCode=rdij20

Could fake news be defined as the intentions or motivations for spreading?

What are the reasons for intentionally spreading fake news?

Would I find the solutions if I know the reasons?

Question Answer Source Question

What are the reasons for intentionally spreading fake news?

For financial gain. Clickbait direct readers to commercial sites to generate advertising revenue. Perpetuated by self-service advertisement technology such as Google Adsense.

Defining “Fake News”A typology of scholarly definitions

Journal Digital JournalismVolume 6, 2018http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143?journalCode=rdij20

What are Google and Facebook doing to prevent this technology from being misused?

Reasons for spreading fake news:

What I found so far:

• Financially or economic intentions. The intention is to drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. The use of Google Adsense.

• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway public opinion, sow discord or give false impression. Eg. Russian troll factory.

• The public is sucked into conspiracy theories. Considered a social issue when public continue to believe when evidence showed otherwise. Eg. Too many immigrants in UK.

Ask Some More Questions using PESTLE Analysis

Activity (3min):How do I enjoy a great date in Singapore?

• Match PESTLE factors to the statements.

• Go to this link:

http://bit.ly/2p9T2ep

Keywords in H5P

Technology factors

• There are many apps and online tools. What are useful online dating apps?

Political factors

• The Singapore government is always helpful. Which government agency will help me find other singles?

Economic factors

• Every thing costs so much in Singapore. What is the average cost of a night of dating in Singapore?

Keywords in H5P

Social factors

• What is the demographics of Singapore? What is the proportion of females to males?

Environmental factors

• The lady I like relocated to New York. We don’t even live in the same city. Does a long distance relationship work?

Legal factors

• There is a young, pretty girl I see at the bus stop. I hope she is not a minor. What is the legal age of a girl I can date?

What keywords identify the factors?Political Government, policies, master plans, etc

Government bodies, PUB, Nparks, LTA, etcPolitical lobbies, influences, etcPAP, Worker’s Party, Republicans, Democrats, etc

Economic Economic growth, economy, inflation, etcExxonMobil, fossil fuel industries, corporations, etcCost, expenditure, profit, loss, etc

Social Population, elderly, women, teens, etcMiddle-income, professionals, etcEducation, awareness, lifestyles, habits, etc

Technology Technology, devices, methods, processes

Legal Laws, legislation, agreement, regulation, mandatory, etc

Environment Land, air, water, space, etc

What I found so far:

Reasons for spreading fake news:

• Financially or economic intentions. The intention is to drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. The use of Google Adsense.

• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway public opinion, sow discord or give false impression. Eg. Russian troll factory.

• The public is sucked into conspiracy theories. Considered a social issue when public continue to believe when evidence showed otherwise. Eg. Too many immigrants in UK.

Activity (5min):What are the PESTLE reasons?

14. Underline the keywords of PESTLE factors.

• Financially or economic intentions. The intention is to drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. The use of Google Adsense.

• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway public opinion, sow discord or give false impression. Eg. Russian troll factory.

• The public is sucked into conspiracy theories. Considered a social issue when public continue to believe when evidence showed otherwise. Eg. Too many immigrants in UK.

Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons?

PESTLE factor Reason Solution Question

Political Political

motivations

Partisan parties

Economic

Social

Technological

Legal

Environmental

15. Categorise PESTLE keywords in table.

Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons?

14. Underline the keywords of PESTLE factors.

• Financially or economic intentions. The intention is to drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. Google Adsense.

• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway public opinion, sow discord or give false impression. Eg. Russian troll factory

• The public is sucked into conspiracy theories. Considered a social issue when public continue to believe when evidence showed otherwise. Eg. Parkland conspiracy theory

Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons?

PESTLE factor Reason Solution Question

Political Political motivations

Partisan parties

Is this happening in

Singapore?

Economic Financially economic intentionsAdvertising incomeGoogle Adsense

How much money

is Google making

out of Adsense?

Social The public

Social issue

Parkland conspiracy

theory

Why do people

continue to believe

in conspiracy

theories?

Technological

Legal

Environmental

Increase knowledge base

What are the Learning Outcomes?

Start to use:

1. 5W 1H - What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …..and What If

2. Keywords to question

3. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal and Environment factors)

WORKSHOPS SCHEDULE

j.mp/RU_ABOUT

CONTACT USPATRICK PU

patrick.pu@nus.edu.sg