The classroom activities in language teaching

The Classroom Activities in

Language TeachingÜmmügülsüm GÖKŞENLİ

Content The Classroom Activities in

Grammer Translation Method (GTM)

Translation of a Literary Passage

Reading Comprehension Questions

Antonyms / Synonyms Cognates Deductive Application of Rule Fill-in-the blanks Memorisation Use words in Sentences Composition

The Classroom Activities in The Direct Method (DM)

The Classroom Activities in The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)

Dialogue Memorisation Minimal pairs: (for teaching

pronunciation) Complete the dialogue Mechanical Drills

Repetition drill Chain Drill Substitution Drill

The Classroom Activities in The Silent Way(SW)

Teaching pronunciation with "sound colour charts"

Cognitive coding with colour rods. Self correction gestures Peer Correction Structured feedback Fidel Charts Word Charts

The Classrom Activities in Grammar Translation Method

◦ Students translate a passage from the target language into their native language.

◦ The passage provides the focus for several classes:

◦ vocabulary and grammatical structures in the passage are studied in the following lessons

Translation of a Literary Passage

Students answer questions in the target language based on their understanding of the reading passage.

information questions

inference questions

questions that require students to relate the passage to their own experience.

Reading Comprehension Questions

Students are given one set of words and are asked to find antonyms in the reading passage.

asking students to find synonyms for a particular set of words.

Antonyms / Synonyms

Students are taught to recognise cognates by learning the spelling or sound patterns that correspond between the languages.

Students should be aware of “true cognates” (i.e., theatre-tiyatro)

“false cognates” (i.e., apartment-apartman).

Cognates

Grammar rules are explained explicitly

Translation examples

Once students understand a rule, they are asked to apply it to some different examples.

Deductive Application of Rule

Students are given a series of sentences with words missing

They fill in the blanks with new vocabulary items or necessary items of grammatical features

Fill-in-the blanks

lists of target language vocabulary words and their native language equivalents.

are asked to memorise them.

required to memorise grammatical rules

grammatical paradigms such as verb conjugations

Memorisation

In order to show that students understand the meaning

make up sentences in which they use the new words

Use words in Sentences

a topic in the target language

Sometimes, instead of creating a composition, students are asked to prepare a précis

Composition

The Direct Method

Reading aloud

Question and answer exercise

Fill-in-the-blank exercise

Dictation

Drawing

Paragraph writing

The Classroom Activities

The Classroom Activities in The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)

To sit with their pair

giving the best model to the students to pronounce the dialogue

to examine the dialogue whether they do not know some words in the dialogue

to memorize the dialogues for several minutes

to perform the dialogue

giving feedback or comment

Dialogue Memorisation

A minimal pair is a pair of words that differ in a single phoneme

Minimal pairs are often used to show that two sounds contrast in a language

For example, we can demonstrate that [s] and [z] contrast in English by adducing minimal pairs

such as sip and zip, or bus and buzz

Do you repairclocks/clogs?“

It will help the students with pronunciation

Minimal Pairs

The students complete the dialogue which is given in pairs using their imagination

Then they act it out in front of the class

Complete the dialogue

When there is control of response and only one correct way of responding, the drill is defined as mechanical drill

to try what they have learned

to develop quick, automatic responses

not be used for prolonged practice

Mechanical Drills

The teacher’s language is repeated with no change

The teacher has to teach the meaning of the utterance first.

Teacher: It’s cold outsideStudents: It’s cold outsideTeacher: It’s warm outsideStudents: It’s warm outside

•Repetition Drills

Students sit in a circle or semicircle

Then one student asks the next student a question

The other students respond and go on asking

The teacher starts by modeling what is expected

Teacher: My name is Mary, and I like eating. What about you?Student 1: My name is Earnest, and I like reading. What about you?Student 2: My name is Anatoli, and I like camping

• Chain Drill

Substitution drills are slightly interactive

Teacher usually gives students practice in changing a word or structure in response to cue

Teacher: You’re a student, aren’t you?farmerStudents: You’re a farmer, aren’t you?Teacher: You’re a farmer, aren’t you?accountantStudents: You’re an accountant

•Substitution drills

The Classroom Activities in The Silent Way

The Sound Colour Chart is a system for teaching sounds in the target language

Each sound is represented by a colour

Teaching Pronunciation With Sound Colour Charts

At the beginning level, the rods can be used to teach colours and numbers

Statements with prepositions

Conditionals

The roads allow students to be creative and imaginative

Cognitive coding with colour rods

The teacher indicates that each of his fingers represented a word in a sentence

To use this to locate the trouble spot for the student

Self correction gestures

Students are invited to talk about the day's instruction

Students learn to take responsibility for their own learning by becoming aware of themselves

Structured Feedback

Peer correction is a classroom technique where learners correct each other, rather than the teacher doing this

The assignments are interchanged among the students

They look at the errors

Discuss the errors and corrections

Also find corrections to errors

Peer correction

Fidel Charts Teach sound spelling association

listed together

colored the same as the color block for the sound /eı/ are ‘ay’, ea,ei,ight, etc.

12 English charts

containing about 500 words

Functional vocabulary of English

The words are written in different colours

Students can learn basic pronunciation patterns

Word Charts