The Economic Value of a National Park · The Total Value of a National Park Use values Non-use...

The Economic

Value of a National Park

Liisa Kajala Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services, Finland EUROPARC Conference

Understanding the Value of Nature Killarney, Ireland, 29 September 2014

Liisa Kajala Natural Heritage Services 2014 Liisa Kajala Natural Heritage Services 2014

Contents of the Presentation

Multiple and many kinds of values of national parks

Quantifying the values: The case of local economic impacts of Finnish national park visitors

Displaying the benefits and making use of the information

How to increase the value of national parks?

Liisa Kajala Natural Heritage Services 2014

We manage and protect Finland’s most valuable natural treasures in a responsible manner

For the benefit of people and nature 3

The NHS Manages All State-owned PAs

38 national parks

19 strict nature reserves

7 national hiking areas

12 wilderness areas

almost 500 other PAs

public water areas

Altogether over 7 million hectares,

18% of Finland’s surface area

Forest land in managed forests

Poorly productive land

Protected areas (NHS)

Public water areas (NHS)

Finland’s National Parks

38 national parks

9,789 km2

2.3 million visits in 2013

Ecosystem Services

Provisioning Services

Regulating Services

Cultural Services

Supporting Services

Flood Control, Clean Air…

Clean Water, Landscapes 8

Conservation of Habitats

Conservation of Species

11 Berries and Mushrooms

Fish and Game

13 Cultural Heritage

Education 14

Recreation and Tourism

€? 16

The Total Economic and System Values

The Total Value of a National Park

Use values Non-use values

Indirect use (water, climate,

photos, films)

Option value (future use)

Direct use values (recreation, scenery)

Total value

Existence value (original nature,

species, habitats)

Bequest value

Visitor spending increases income and employment in the area.

Income effects are part of the direct use values.

What Did We Do?

An application producing annually

direct and total income effects (€)

employment effects (Jobs)

Easy-to use, practical tool

Estimate for each national park

Cumulative, state-level effects

http://www.metsa.fi/sivustot/metsa/en/Recreation/protectedareaslocaleconomyimpacts/Sivut/default.aspx

* Minimum value indicates the economic impacts created by the visitors

to whom the national park was the only or the most important reason for visit

Total value Minimum value*

Million € Jobs Million € Jobs

National parks 115.5 1 484 56.2 716

National hiking areas 15.4 199 8.7 113

Local Economic Impacts of Visitor Spending

Big Differences between the Parks

The impacts are

biggest in Northern

Finland

in parks located nearby a tourist center

Pallas-Yllästunturi 34.3 million €, 450 jobs

Urho Kekkonen NP 21.6 million €, 284 jobs

Oulanka 15.5 million €, 200 jobs

HOW? Basic requirement: Standardized visitor monitoring data across the PA system

Visitor Monitoring

Visitor Information

Visitor Surveys Visitor Counting

ASTA Visitor Information Forms the Base of

Regular Economic Impact Estimates

Annual numbers of visits

Visitor spending in the parks and their surroundings

Other visitor information

How to increase the value of national parks?

How the Information Has Been Useful for

Nature Conservation in Finland?

In making the benefits visible and tangible

Benefits are not obvious

Decision-makers prefer numbers

How the Information Has Been Useful for Nature Conservation in Finland?

In demonstrating that

national park visitation

supports local livelihoods

thereby increasing the

general acceptability of

national parks

In making the case for

continued public

investment by showing

that money spent on

management and

services of national

parks and other PAs

comes back many-fold

to local economies

through private

businesses and jobs

3/6 How the Information Has Been Useful for

In clarifying the role of actors:

State provides facilities

The private sector

creates business

services

Both are needed

Cooperation

How the Information Has Been Useful for

How the Information Has Been Useful for Nature Conservation in Finland?

In creating new

sustainable businesses

around protected areas

How the Information Has Been Useful for Nature Conservation Finland?

In measuring

economic

effectiveness

The VSE model of the U.S. National Park

Service

National Parks Move People!

On average 15 km of

walking per visit

34 million km a year in

Finland’s all national

850 times around

the globe

Health and Well-Being Benefits in Euros?

Health and well-being benefits perceived by visitors:

On average 208 € per visit, median 100 € per visit

Finland’s all national parks year 2013, 226 million €

How to increase the economic value of national parks?

Number of Visits to National Parks and Visitor Centers

Branding

Communication

Voluntary Work

Attracting New User Groups

Liisa Kajala liisa.kajala@metsa.fi

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