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The Road to the Civil War Building Tensions. The Missouri Compromise (1820) Addressed two issues:. the expansion of slavery the balance of free and slave states Conditions Maine enters the Union as a free state Missouri enters the Union as a slave state - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1
Beginnings to 1877The The Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise(1820)(1820)Addressed two issues:Addressed two issues: the expansion of slaverythe expansion of slavery the balance of free and slave statesthe balance of free and slave states ConditionsConditions
Maine enters the Union as a free stateMaine enters the Union as a free state Missouri enters the Union as a slave stateMissouri enters the Union as a slave state Slavery will be prohibited in new states or Slavery will be prohibited in new states or
territories north of 36territories north of 36°30’ latitude°30’ latitude
The Road to the Civil WarThe Road to the Civil WarBuilding TensionsBuilding Tensions
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
Beginnings to 1877
Manifest Destiny and ExpansionManifest Destiny and Expansion1840s belief that Americans were destined 1840s belief that Americans were destined expand across the continent to the Pacific Oceanexpand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean
The Road to the Civil WarThe Road to the Civil WarBuilding TensionsBuilding Tensions
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3
Beginnings to 1877
Acquiring Oregon and TexasAcquiring Oregon and TexasTexasTexas Texas congress approved annexation and Texas congress approved annexation and
Texas became the 28Texas became the 28thth state in December state in December 1845.1845.
Oregon Oregon Britain and the United States signed a treaty Britain and the United States signed a treaty
in 1846 dividing Oregon at the 49in 1846 dividing Oregon at the 49 thth parallel. parallel.
The Road to the Civil WarThe Road to the Civil WarBuilding TensionsBuilding Tensions
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4
Beginnings to 1877
The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession This land included the present day states of This land included the present day states of
California, Nevada, and Utah. It also included California, Nevada, and Utah. It also included most of Arizona, New Mexico and parts of most of Arizona, New Mexico and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.Colorado and Wyoming.
Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase $10 million$10 million Included southern Arizona and New Mexico Included southern Arizona and New Mexico
The Road to the Civil WarThe Road to the Civil WarBuilding TensionsBuilding Tensions
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5
Beginnings to 1877
The New Territories and Slavery The New Territories and Slavery ExpansionExpansion Additional territories renewed the debate over Additional territories renewed the debate over
slavery expansionslavery expansion upset balance of free and slave statesupset balance of free and slave states
The Debate over SlaveryThe Debate over Slavery
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6
Beginnings to 1877
The New Territories and Slavery The New Territories and Slavery ExpansionExpansion
Wilmot Proviso (1846) – proposal to outlaw Wilmot Proviso (1846) – proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican CessionStates by the Mexican Cession
Sectionalism – devotion to a region rather than Sectionalism – devotion to a region rather than the entire countrythe entire country
The Debate over SlaveryThe Debate over Slavery
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7
Beginnings to 1877
The Mexican War and Slavery ExpansionThe Mexican War and Slavery Expansion began push for popular sovereigntybegan push for popular sovereignty
popular sovereignty –allow voters in a particular popular sovereignty –allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban or permit territory to decide whether to ban or permit slaveryslavery
The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8
Beginnings to 1877
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Proposed by Henry Clay; supported by Daniel Proposed by Henry Clay; supported by Daniel
WebsterWebster
The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9
Beginnings to 1877
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Conditions of the Compromise of 1850Conditions of the Compromise of 1850
California joins the Union as a free state.California joins the Union as a free state. New Mexico and Utah Territories will use New Mexico and Utah Territories will use
popular sovereignty to decide the status of popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery.slavery.
Stronger fugitive slave law passed.Stronger fugitive slave law passed. Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C. Border dispute between New Mexico and Texas Border dispute between New Mexico and Texas
is resolved.is resolved.
The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10
Beginnings to 1877
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Opposition to the Compromise of 1850Opposition to the Compromise of 1850
Allowing California to enter as a free state would Allowing California to enter as a free state would destroy the balance between the two sections of the destroy the balance between the two sections of the country.country.
California would be admitted unconditionally.California would be admitted unconditionally. Support for the Compromise of 1850 Support for the Compromise of 1850
Preserving the Union was more important than regional Preserving the Union was more important than regional differences.differences.
Slave labor was not necessary to the West’s economy.Slave labor was not necessary to the West’s economy.
The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery
(continued)(continued)
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11
Beginnings to 1877
Controversy in the North Controversy in the North over the over the Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act lacked trial by jurylacked trial by jury bribes were given to government officials for bribes were given to government officials for
supportsupport
The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12
Beginnings to 1877
Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Introduced by Stephen DouglasIntroduced by Stephen Douglas ConditionsConditions
Kansas & Nebraska Territories are createdKansas & Nebraska Territories are created 3636° 30’ discontinued° 30’ discontinued Kansas & Nebraska will use popular sovereignty Kansas & Nebraska will use popular sovereignty
to determine whether to be a free or a slave stateto determine whether to be a free or a slave state
protested in the North protested in the North received strong support in the Southreceived strong support in the South
Trouble in KansasTrouble in Kansas
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13
Beginnings to 1877
Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas
Territorial ElectionsTerritorial Elections 1000s of men crossed over from Missouri to vote1000s of men crossed over from Missouri to vote Pro-slavery forces won & passed strict pro-Pro-slavery forces won & passed strict pro-
slavery lawsslavery laws Anti-slavery Kansans formed their own Anti-slavery Kansans formed their own
governmentgovernment Pro-slavery forces attacked Lawrence, the anti-Pro-slavery forces attacked Lawrence, the anti-
slavery capitalslavery capital
Trouble in KansasTrouble in Kansas
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14
Beginnings to 1877
Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas Pottawatomie Massacre (1856) Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)
John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-slavery Kansansslavery Kansans
Kansas collapsed into civil warKansas collapsed into civil war Approximately 200 people were killedApproximately 200 people were killed
Trouble in KansasTrouble in Kansas
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15
Beginnings to 1877
Raid on Harpers FerryRaid on Harpers Ferry Oct. 16, 1859Oct. 16, 1859 John Brown planned a raid on a federal arsenal at John Brown planned a raid on a federal arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry, VAHarper’s Ferry, VA Hoped to distribute weapons to slavesHoped to distribute weapons to slaves Slaves did not join revoltSlaves did not join revolt White Southerners attacked & killed some of the White Southerners attacked & killed some of the
raidersraiders John Brown captured & convicted of treason, John Brown captured & convicted of treason,
murder, & conspiracymurder, & conspiracy Hung Dec. 1859Hung Dec. 1859
The Effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16
Beginnings to 1877
. Political Divisions. Political Divisions
Know-Nothing Party formed in 1849Know-Nothing Party formed in 1849 Supported measures making it difficult for Supported measures making it difficult for
foreigners to become citizens and hold officeforeigners to become citizens and hold office
Republican Party formed in 1854Republican Party formed in 1854 Whigs, some Democrats, Free-Soilers, and Whigs, some Democrats, Free-Soilers, and
abolitionists who joined together to oppose the abolitionists who joined together to oppose the spread of slavery in the Westspread of slavery in the West
Effect of the Kansas-Nebraska ActEffect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17
Beginnings to 1877Dred ScottDred Scott
Dred Scott a slave who lived in free territory and Dred Scott a slave who lived in free territory and then returned to slave territory.then returned to slave territory.
sued for his freedom claiming he had become free sued for his freedom claiming he had become free when he lived in free territory. when he lived in free territory.
In 1857 the Supreme Court declared: In 1857 the Supreme Court declared: African Americans were not U.S. citizens.African Americans were not U.S. citizens. The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was
unconstitutional.unconstitutional. Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any
federal territory.federal territory.
Political DivisionsPolitical Divisions
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18
Beginnings to 1877
Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Differing Views on SlaveryDiffering Views on Slavery Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery and Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery and
supported the equal rights for slaves.supported the equal rights for slaves. Stephen Douglas supported slavery and did Stephen Douglas supported slavery and did
not feel the African Americans were equal.not feel the African Americans were equal.
Political DivisionsPolitical Divisions
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19
Beginnings to 1877
Reactions to John Brown’s RaidReactions to John Brown’s Raid Some mourned his death and regarded him as Some mourned his death and regarded him as
a hero.a hero. Others opposed his violence.Others opposed his violence. Southerners felt threatened.Southerners felt threatened. It raised the secession issue in the South.It raised the secession issue in the South.
SecessionSecession
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20
Beginnings to 1877
Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory in the Presidential Election of 1860in the Presidential Election of 1860 Lincoln won 180 of the 183 electoral votes in Lincoln won 180 of the 183 electoral votes in
the free states.the free states. The slave states split their electoral votes thus The slave states split their electoral votes thus
giving Lincoln the victory.giving Lincoln the victory.
SecessionSecession
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21
Beginnings to 1877
Reasons the Southern States Left the UnionReasons the Southern States Left the Union believed Lincoln would abolish slaverybelieved Lincoln would abolish slavery feared this action would destroy the South’s feared this action would destroy the South’s
economy and societyeconomy and society South Carolina seceded Dec. 1860South Carolina seceded Dec. 1860 Feb. 1861 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Feb. 1861 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,
Georgia, Louisiana, & Texas secededGeorgia, Louisiana, & Texas seceded Confederate States of America elected Confederate States of America elected
Jefferson Davis as presidentJefferson Davis as president
SecessionSecession
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