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3/14/2019
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The Periodic Table
• Most elements are metals and occur on the left side.
• The nonmetals appear on the right side.
• Metalloids (semimetals) are elements that have some metallic and some nonmetallic properties.
The Periodic Table
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Common Names of Groups (Families)
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Each element has its own unique symbol. One or two letter symbols are used to represent elements. Most of the time, the symbol is derived from the name of the element. The first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is always a lower case.
Examples: C is the symbol for carbonCr is the symbol for chromium
Element Symbols
Copper: The origin of the name comes from the Latin
word cuprum meaning the island of Cyprus famed for its
copper mines
Iron: The origin of the name comes from the Latin
word ferrum meaning iron.
The Periodic Table and the Elements
• What is the periodic table ?
• What information is obtained from the table ?
• How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?
• Different periodic tables can include various bits of information, but usually:– atomic number– symbol– atomic mass– number of valence
electrons– state of matter at
room temperature.
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Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Mendeleev proposed that the properties of the chemical elements repeat at regular intervals when arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.
Mendeleev is the architect of the modernperiodic table.
He arranged hisperiodic table incolumns by theformula of theelement’s oxide.
Chemistry Connection: Dmitri Mendeleev
• Dmitri Mendeleev was born in Siberia in 1834 as the youngest of 14 to 17 children.
• He was a student and professor at the University of St. Petersburg.
• Based on periodic trends, Mendeleev predicted the existence of three elements (gallium, scandium, and germanium) before they were discovered.
• He narrowly missed beingawarded the Nobel Prizein 1906.
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1
H1.01
3
Li6.94
11
Na22.99
19
K39.10
37
Rb85.47
55
Cs132.91
87
Fr(223)
4
Be9.01
12
Mg24.31
20
Ca40.08
38
Sr87.62
56
Ba137.33
88
Ra(226)
21
Sc44.96
39
Y88.91
57
La138.91
89
Ac(227)
22
Ti47.88
40
Zr91.22
72
Hf178.49
104
Rf(261)
23
V50.94
41
Nb92.91
73
Ta180.95
24
Cr52.00
42
Mo95.94
74
W183.85
25
Mn54.94
43
Tc(99)
75
Re186.21
26
Fe55.85
44
Ru101.07
76
Os190.2
27
Co58.93
45
Rh102.91
77
Ir192.22
28
Ni58.69
46
Pd106.42
78
Pt195.08
29
Cu63.55
47
Ag107.87
79
Au196.97
30
Zn65.39
48
Cd112.41
80
Hg200.59
5
B10.81
13
Al26.98
31
Ga69.72
49
In114.82
81
Tl204.38
6
C12.01
14
Si28.09
32
Ge72.61
50
Sn118.71
82
Pb207.2
7
N14.01
15
P30.97
33
As74.92
51
Sb121.75
83
Bi208.98
8
O16.00
16
S32.07
34
Se78.96
52
Te127.60
84
Po(209)
9
F19.00
17
Cl35.45
35
Br79.90
53
I126.90
10
Ne20.18
18
Ar39.95
36
Kr83.80
54
Xe131.29
2
He4.00
58
Ce140.12
59
Pr140.91
60
Nd144.24
61
Pm(147)
62
Sm150.36
63
Eu151.97
64
Gd157.25
65
Tb158.93
66
Dy162.50
67
Ho164.93
68
Er167.26
69
Tm168.93
70
Yb173.04
71
Lu174.97
85
At(210)
86
Rn(222)
90
Th(232)
91
Pa(231)
92
U(238)
93
Np(237)
94
Pu(244)
95
Am(243)
96
Cm(247)
97
Bk(247)
98
Cf(251)
99
Es(252)
100
Fm(257)
101
Md(258)
102
No(259)
103
Lr(260)
105
Db(262)
106
Sg(263)
107
Bh(262)
108
Hs(265)
109
Mt(266)
110
Ds(271)
111
Rg(272)
112
--(277)
114
--(285)
116
--(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
Groups and Periods of Elements
• A vertical column on the periodic table is a group or family of elements.
• A horizontal row on the periodic table is a period or series of elements.
• There are 18 groups and seven periods on the periodic table.
→
→
→
→
→→ →→
• • •
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
Common Names of Groups (Families)
Several families have common trivial names.
• Group I are the alkali metals.
• Group II are the alkaline earth metals.
• Group VII (17) are the halogens.
• Group VIII (18) are the noble gases.
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The Periodic Table-atomic radius
Li F
Which is larger: a lithium atom or a fluorine atom?
A. A lithium atom
B. A fluorine atom
C. There is no way to tell without memorizing the periodic table.
The Periodic Table
CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR
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As
S
Which is larger: an arsenic atom or a sulfur atom?
A. An arsenic atom
B. A sulfur atom
C. There is no way to tell without memorizing the periodic table.
The Periodic Table
CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR
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