View
20
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
The Present Perfect&The Past Perfect
Review
4-1 Past participle
4-2 Forms of the present perfect
4-3 Meanings of the present perfect
4-4 Simple past vs. present perfect
4-5 Using since and for
4-6 Present perfect progressive
4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect
4-8 Using already, yet, still, and anymore
4-9 Past perfect
Content
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS love
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
loves
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS be
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
loves
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS give
is
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
loves
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS find
gave
is
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
loves
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS take
gave
found
is
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
loves
be
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS
gave
found
takes
is
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
loves
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS
gave
found
takes
is
is
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
She has forgotten his name.
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULAR
VERBS
IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finish
stop
wait
see
make
put
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULAR
VERBS
IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finish
stop
wait
see
make
put
finished
stopped
waited
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULAR
VERBS
IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finish
stop
wait
see
make
put
finished
stopped
waited
finished
stopped
waited
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULAR
VERBS
IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finish
stop
wait
see
make
put
finished
stopped
waited
saw
made
put
finished
stopped
waited
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULAR
VERBS
IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finish
stop
wait
see
make
put
finished
stopped
waited
saw
made
put
finished
stopped
waited
seen
made
put
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULAR
VERBS
IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finish
stop
wait
see
make
put
finished
stopped
waited
saw
made
put
finished
stopped
waited
seen
made
put
past perfect tense
present perfect tense
4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stop
go
take
write
stopped
went
took
wrote
4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stop
go
take
write
stopped
went
took
wrote
stopped
4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stop
go
take
write
stopped
went
took
wrote
stoppedgone
4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stop
go
take
write
stopped
went
took
wrote
stoppedgone
taken
4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stop
go
take
write
stopped
went
took
wrote
stoppedgone
taken
written
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
He has finished all his work.
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) I have worked very hard this year.
(b) The students have worked hard.
(c) Alex has worked very hard.
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) I have worked very hard this year.
(b) The students have worked hard.
(c) Alex has worked very hard.
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) I have worked very hard this year.
(b) The students have worked hard.
(c) Alex has worked very hard.
STATEMENT: have/has + past participle
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve
pronoun + has =k’s
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.
(e) She’s/He’s gone home.
(f) It’s been hot all week.
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve
pronoun + has =k’s
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.
(e) She’s/He’s gone home.
(f) It’s been hot all week.
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve
pronoun + has =k’s
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.
(e) She’s/He’s gone home.
(f) It’s been hot all week.
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve
pronoun + has =k’s
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I have not gone home yet.
(h) Fatima has not gone home.
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I have not gone home yet.
(h) Fatima has not gone home.
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
NEGATIVE CONTRACTION:
have + not = haven’t
has + not = hasn’t
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I haven’t gone home yet.
(h) Fatima hasn’t gone home.
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(i) Have you read
the report?
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(j) Has Marcy gone home?
(k) How long have you worked there?
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(j) Has Marcy gone home?
(k) How long have you worked there?
QUESTION :
have/has + subject + past participle
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(l)
Have you read all
of this article?
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(l)
Have you read all
of this article?
No, I haven’t. I
have only read a
few pages.
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(l)
SHORT ANSWER:
have/haven’t
Have you read all
of this article?
No, I haven’t. I
have only read a
few pages.
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(m)Has Kyung
finished her
homework?
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(m)Yes, she has. She
did it after school.
Has Kyung
finished her
homework?
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(m)
SHORT ANSWER:
has/hasn’t
Yes, she has. She
did it after school.
Has Kyung
finished her
homework?
___________________ a snake?
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT you
touch
ever
___________________ a snake?
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Have you ever touched
you
touch
ever
________________
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT touch
never
No,
a snake.
________________
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
I’ve never touched
touch
never
No,
a snake.
_________________ a shark?
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Justin
see
ever
_________________ a shark?
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Has Justin ever seen
Justin
see
ever
Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
South Africa.
Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
has
South Africa.
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
Tyler has taken his first steps.
Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED
BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME
PRESENT PERFECT
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
occurred before now or
sometime in the past
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
no
w
X
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
no
w
before now
X
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
no
w
tim
e?
X
before now
X
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
activity repeated
before now, unspecified past times
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
no
w
X
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
no
w
X
before now
XXX
MEANING #1
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN
IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE
PRESENT.
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
(g) I have played the violin for six years.
I learned to play six years ago, and I still
play it.
MEANING #2
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
(g) I have played the violin for six years.
I learned to play six years ago, and I still
play it.
present perfect +since
for
past present
MEANING #2
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2:
xx
x
8:0
0 no
w
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened before
now at an unspecified time.
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present.
Kyung has already taken the test.
OR ?
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened before
now at an unspecified time.
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present.
Kyung has already taken the test.
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened
before now at an unspecified time
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present
I’ve been studying since 8 AM.
OR ?
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened
before now at an unspecified time
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present
I’ve been studying since 8 AM.
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened
before now at an unspecified time
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present
Rosa has been to Italy three times.
OR ?
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened
before now at an unspecified time
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present
Rosa has been to Italy three times.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
I had an angel fish when I was a child.
I have had many otherfish since then.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 4:00.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 4:00.
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) They have already completed the game.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 4:00.
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) They have already completed the game.
specific time
unspecified time
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.
specific time
unspecified time
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) Eli has been camping for 9 days.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.
for activity began & ended in past
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.
for activity began & ended in past
for / since activity began & continues
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?We have been in Tokyo
many times.
OR
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME
We have been in Tokyo
many times.
OR
UNSPECIFIEDPRESENT
PERFECT
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Barry has never been to Tokyo.
OR
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME
Barry has never been to Tokyo.
OR
UNSPECIFIEDPRESENT
PERFECT
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Gina went to Tokyo
last month.
OR
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME
Gina went to Tokyo
last month.
OR
SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
I have been here since 6:00 AM.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
Since Specific point in time
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.
present perfect + since
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.
present perfect + since
present progressive NOT used
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.
present perfect + since
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.
present perfect + since
simple present NOT used
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.
present perfect + since
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.
present perfect + since
simple past NOT used
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.
present perfect + since
simple past NOT used
INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(f) I have known her since I was fifteen.
MAIN CLAUSE
(present perfect)
SINCE-CLAUSE
(simple past)
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(f) I have known her since I was fifteen.
MAIN CLAUSE
(present perfect)
SINCE-CLAUSE
(simple past)
(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(f) I have known her since I was fifteen.
MAIN CLAUSE
(present perfect)
SINCE-CLAUSE
(simple past)
(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer.
Since time clause
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
For length of time
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
present perfect + for + length of time
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
present perfect + for + length of time
past present
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
present perfect + for + length of time
past present
simple past
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
present perfect + for + length of time
past present
simple past
past present
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Mary has been playing the piano
since ___________.
3 hours
she was six
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Mary has been playing the piano
since ___________.
3 hours
she was six
she was six
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Mary has been playing the piano
since ___________.
3 hours
she was six
she was six
Mary has been playing the piano
for ___________.
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Mary has been playing the piano
since ___________.
3 hours
she was six
she was six
Mary has been playing the piano
for ___________. three hours
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Alejandro has studied English
since ________________.
he started school
15 years
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Alejandro has studied English
since ________________.
he started school
15 years
he started school
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Alejandro has studied English
since ________________.
he started school
15 years
he started school
Alejandro has studied English
for __________________.
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Alejandro has studied English
since ________________.
he started school
15 years
he started school
Alejandro has studied English
for __________________. fifteen years
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.
for
since
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.
for
since
since
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.
for
since
since
My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years.
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.
for
since
since
My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years.for
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Dee has been workingfor ten hours.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) Dee has been working since
6 o’clock.
(b) She has been working for
ten hours.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) Dee has been working since
6 o’clock.
(b) She has been working for
ten hours.
STATEMENT:
have/has + been + -ing
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(c) How long has she been working?
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(c) How long has she been working?
QUESTION FORM:
have/has + subject + been + -ing
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(d) Mary is playing the piano right now.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(d) Mary is playing the piano right now.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
in progress right now
duration of time not mentioned
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(d) Mary is playing the piano right now.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
in progress right now
duration of time not mentioned
Mary has been playing the piano right now.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(e) Mary has been playing since noon.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(e) Mary has been playing since noon.
(f) Mary has been playing for an hour.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(e) Mary has been playing since noon.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
began in past
in progress right now
time expressed
(f) Mary has been playing for an hour.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(e) Mary has been playing since noon.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
began in past
in progress right now
time expressed
Mary is playing the piano since noon.
(f) Mary has been playing for an hour.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(g) CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(g) CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.
(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(g) CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.
(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy.
(i) CORRECT: She has owned it
for one month.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(g) CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.
(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy.
(i) CORRECT: She has owned it
for one month.
(j) INCORRECT: She has been owning
it for one month.
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(g) CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.
(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy.
(i) CORRECT: She has owned it
for one month.
(j) INCORRECT: She has been owning
it for one month.
non-action verbs progressive tenses
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
My sister _________ the phone.
usePRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
My sister _________ the phone.
use
is using
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
My sister _________ the phone.
use
is using
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
She _____________ it for three
hours. I need to make a call.
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
My sister _________ the phone.
use
is using
has been using
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
She _____________ it for three
hours. I need to make a call.
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
dance
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
dance
are dancing
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Her parents __________.
They ________________
together for over thirty years.
dance
are dancing
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Her parents __________.
They ________________
together for over thirty years.
dance
are dancing
have been dancing
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
go
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
go
going
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Where are you _______for
the summer holiday?
I am ______ to the beach.
I ______________ to the beach
go
going
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Where are you _______for
the summer holiday?
I am ______ to the beach.
I ______________ to the beach
go
going
going
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Where are you _______for
the summer holiday?
I am ______ to the beach.
I ______________ to the beach
go
going
going
every summer since I was a child.
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Where are you _______for
the summer holiday?
I am ______ to the beach.
I ______________ to the beach
go
going
going
have been going
every summer since I was a child.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
These guys are hiking.They have been hiking for several days.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) My cousin is hiking with his friends.
They have been hiking for several days.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) My cousin is hiking with his friends.
They have been hiking for several days.
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) My cousin is hiking with his friends.
They have been hiking for several days.
repeated activities
unspecified times in the past
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.
duration of present activities,
action verbs
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(c) INCORRECT: My cousin has been hiking
many mountains.
(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) The guys have known each other for
ten years.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(e) INCORRECT: The guys have been knowing
each other for ten years.
(d) The guys have known each other for
ten years.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(e) INCORRECT: The guys have been knowing
each other for ten years.
(d) The guys have known each other for
ten years.
duration of present activities,
non-action verbs
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) I have been studying medicine for one year.
OR
(g) I have studied medicine for one year.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) I have been studying medicine for one year.
OR
(g) I have studied medicine for one year.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
same meaning
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(h) Rolf has been running every day since he
was a child.
OR
Rolf has run every day since he was a child.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(h) Rolf has been running every day since he
was a child.
OR
Rolf has run every day since he was a child.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
usual, habitual activities
either tense okay
(i) I’ve been studying Spanish ever since I
visited Mexico.
OR
I’ve studied Spanish ever since I visited
Mexico.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
usual, habitual activities
either tense okay
(i) I’ve been studying Spanish ever since I
visited Mexico.
OR
I’ve studied Spanish ever since I visited
Mexico.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
usual, habitual activities
either tense okay
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
How long ___ your family ______ here?
We __________ here for ten years.
live
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
How long ___ your family ______ here?
We __________ here for ten years.
live
has
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
How long ___ your family ______ here?
We __________ here for ten years.
live
livedhas
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
How long ___ your family ______ here?
We __________ here for ten years.
live
lived
have lived
has
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
How long ___ your family _________ here?
We _____________ here for ten years.
live
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
How long ___ your family _________ here?
We _____________ here for ten years.
live
has
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
How long ___ your family _________ here?
We _____________ here for ten years.
live
been livinghas
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
How long ___ your family _________ here?
We _____________ here for ten years.
live
been living
have been living
has
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
I already fed the dog.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago.
I already fed the dog.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago.
I already fed the dog.
happened before now
Position: midsentence
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
YET
(b) I usually feed the dog, but I haven’t
fed him yet.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
YET
(b) I usually feed the dog, but I haven’t
fed him yet.
did not happen before now
Position: end of sentence
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was
in college. I still like them.
(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t
raining.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was
in college. I still like them.
(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t
raining.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was
in college. I still like them.
(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t
raining.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
situation continues to exist
Position: midsentence
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was
in college. I still like them.
(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t
raining.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
situation continues to exist
Position: midsentence
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ANYMORE
(f) I used to be a teacher, but I retired.
I don’t work anymore.
does not continue
Position: end of sentence
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ANYMORE
(f) I used to be a teacher, but I retired.
I don’t work anymore.
does not continue
Position: end of sentence
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I already fed the dog.
affirmative
sentences
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I already fed the dog.
affirmative
sentences
YET(b) I haven’t fed him yet.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I already fed the dog.
affirmative
sentences
YET(b) I haven’t fed him yet. negative
sentencesANYMORE(f) I don’t work anymore.
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I already fed the dog.
affirmative
sentences
YET(b) I haven’t fed him yet. negative
sentencesANYMORE(f) I don’t work anymore.
(c) He is still hungry.
(e) It still isn’t raining.
STILL affirmative
or negative
sentences
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore
She doesn’t have any money.
She _______ spent it all.
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore
She doesn’t have any money.
She _______ spent it all.already
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore
I did some homework, but I
______ have more to do.
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore
I did some homework, but I
______ have more to do.still
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore
We used to be friends, but we had an argument.
We don’t like each other ________.
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore
We used to be friends, but we had an argument.
We don’t like each other ________.anymore
4-9 PAST PERFECT
When they arrived at the store, it had already closed.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(a) When they arrived at the store, it had
already closed.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(a) When they arrived at the store, it had
already closed.
two events in the past
1st event - Past Perfect
2nd event – Simple Past
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(b) The store had already closed when
they arrived.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(b) The store had already closed when
they arrived.
FORM: had + past participle
4-9 PAST PERFECT
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) It’d closed.
She’d gone home.
He’d gone home.
They’d gone home.
We’d gone home.
You’d gone home.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) It’d closed.
She’d gone home.
He’d gone home.
They’d gone home.
We’d gone home.
You’d gone home.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) It’d closed.
She’d gone home.
He’d gone home.
They’d gone home.
We’d gone home.
You’d gone home.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) It’d closed.
She’d gone home.
He’d gone home.
They’d gone home.
We’d gone home.
You’d gone home.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) It’d closed.
She’d gone home.
He’d gone home.
They’d gone home.
We’d gone home.
You’d gone home.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) It’d closed.
She’d gone home.
He’d gone home.
They’d gone home.
We’d gone home.
You’d gone home.
CONTRACTION:
I / you / she / he / it / we / they + ’d
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
XXbefo
renow
now
(d) I’m not cooking now.
I’ve already ordered
pizza.
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
XXbefo
renow
now
(d) I’m not cooking now.
I’ve already ordered
pizza.
occurred before now,
at an unspecified time
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT
XX XXbefo
renow
now
(d) I’m not cooking now.
I’ve already ordered
pizza.
befo
renoon
noon
(e) I was not cooking at noon.
I had already ordered
pizza.
occurred before now,
at an unspecified time
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT
XX XXbefo
renow
now
(d) I’m not cooking now.
I’ve already ordered
pizza.
befo
renoon
noon
(e) I was not cooking at noon.
I had already ordered
pizza.
occurred before now,
at an unspecified time
occurred before another
time in the past
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PAST PROGRESSIVE
(f) I was waiting when
the pizza arrived.
piz
za
arr
ive
d
began
waitin
gXX
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PAST PROGRESSIVE
(f) I was waiting when
the pizza arrived.
in progress at a particular
time in the past
piz
za
arr
ive
d
began
waitin
gXX
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PAST PROGRESSIVE PAST PERFECT
XX
(f) I was waiting when
the pizza arrived.
piz
za
arr
ived
(g) The pizza had arrived
when he came home.
in progress at a particular
time in the past
piz
za
arr
ive
d
began
waitin
gXX
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PAST PROGRESSIVE PAST PERFECT
XX
(f) I was waiting when
the pizza arrived.
piz
za
arr
ived
(g) The pizza had arrived
when he came home.
in progress at a particular
time in the past
completed before a
particular time in the past
he c
am
eh
om
e
piz
za
arr
ive
d
began
waitin
gXX
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2nd
I had already gone to bed
when it started snowing.
a. it started snowing ____
b. I went to bed ____
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2nd
I had already gone to bed
when it started snowing.
a. it started snowing ____
b. I went to bed ____
2nd
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2nd
I had already gone to bed
when it started snowing.
a. it started snowing ____
b. I went to bed ____1st
2nd
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2ndI tried to go shopping, but the
store had closed.
a. store closed ____
b. tried to go shopping ____
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2ndI tried to go shopping, but the
store had closed.
a. store closed ____
b. tried to go shopping ____
1st
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2ndI tried to go shopping, but the
store had closed.
a. store closed ____
b. tried to go shopping ____
1st
2nd
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2nd
A friend called to suggest a good movie.
She had seen it last Friday.
a. the friend saw the movie ____
b. the friend called ____
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2nd
A friend called to suggest a good movie.
She had seen it last Friday.
a. the friend saw the movie ____
b. the friend called ____
1st
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2nd
A friend called to suggest a good movie.
She had seen it last Friday.
a. the friend saw the movie ____
b. the friend called ____
1st
2nd
342
Images used under license from:
• Shutterstock, Inc.
PHOTO CREDITS
Recommended