The Structure of the Atom The Building Block of Matter

The Structure of the The Structure of the AtomAtom

The Building Block of MatterThe Building Block of Matter

Atomic StructureAtomic StructureAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time

together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

List the 3 major subatomic particles with their relative size, mass and charges

List 3 other sub-subatomic particles (not General)

Define the mass number, atomic number and symbol from an element on the periodic table

Warning:

Old FartsSwimming!!!

An atom consists of aAn atom consists of a nucleusnucleus

(of (of protonsprotons and and neutronsneutrons) ) electronselectrons in space about the nucleus. in space about the nucleus.

The AtomThe Atom

NucleusNucleus

Electron cloudElectron cloud

Atoms are the smallest particles of an Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that retains the chemical properties element that retains the chemical properties

of that elementof that element

Parts:Parts: Nucleus – small region in Nucleus – small region in

the center of the atom. the center of the atom.

(+ charged protons, and o (+ charged protons, and o charged neutrons)charged neutrons)

Electron Cloud – large Electron Cloud – large region, compared to region, compared to nucleus, where electrons nucleus, where electrons are found.are found.

Check out the Size of Nucleus vs. Check out the Size of Nucleus vs. Electron CloudElectron Cloud

• The atom is extremely small. One teaspoon of water has 3 times as many atoms as the Atlantic Ocean has teaspoons of water.

• If Cleveland Stadium were an atom, a marble on the 50 yard line would represent the nucleus.

Can We See Atoms?Can We See Atoms?

Magnesium atoms (white) above Boron atoms (grey) seen by the transmission electron microscope

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Proton Neutron Electron

The AtomThe Atom

NucleusNucleus

Electron shell / Electron cloudElectron shell / Electron cloud

The AtomThe Atom

NucleusThe center of the atom. (it has protons & neutrons)

NucleusThe center of the atom. (it has protons & neutrons)

Electron shell / Electron cloudElectron shell / Electron cloud

Summary of Atomic ParticlesSummary of Atomic Particles

Protons (p+) + electrical charge mass = 1.673 x 10-24 g relative mass = 1.007 atomic mass units

(amu)

but we can round to 1

Neutrons (no) no electrical charge mass = 1.675 x 10-24 g relative mass = 1.009 amu but we can round

to 1

Summary of Atomic ParticlesSummary of Atomic Particles

Electrons (e-) negative electrical charge mass = 9.109 x 10-28 g relative mass = 0.0005 amu

but we can round to 0

Proton Neutron Electron

Mass 1 amu 1 amu 0 amu

Charge +1 0 -1

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Tevatron – •World’s highest energy particle accelerator. •4 miles in circumference•Why? To find even smaller particles!!!

We send protons and antiprotons in opposite directions, and smash

them together.

Particle Particle acceleratoracceleratorParticle Particle acceleratoraccelerator

ParticlesParticles

Matter anti-Matter

ee+1+1 ee-1-1

Example:

electron positron

ParticlesParticles

Matter

PP+1+1 PP-1-1

Example:

Proton anti-Proton

anti-Matter

Quarks Leptons

Up electron

Down -1 3

2 3

ee-1-1

Neutron

Made of 3 Quarks

1 up2 down

u

d

d

Proton

Made of 3 Quarks

2 up1 down

d

u

u

Interesting Name for a Boat!!

ee-1-1 ee-1-1

. Proton Electron

Mass Comparison

Proton is about1800 x electron

Subatomic Particles SummarySubatomic Particles Summary

QuarksQuarks

Fast moving point Fast moving point of energyof energy

He Up quark = + 2/3

Down quark = - 1/3

• Sum of the charges is the electrical charge

Quark CalculationsQuark Calculations(for protons and neutrons)(for protons and neutrons)

Each Each protonproton is 2 up quarks and 1 down quark is 2 up quarks and 1 down quark

2(2/3) + 1(-1/3) = 4/3 – 1/3 = 3/3 or 2(2/3) + 1(-1/3) = 4/3 – 1/3 = 3/3 or +1+1

• Each neutron is 2 down quarks and 1 up quark

2(-1/3) + 2/3 = 0

Great Little

Invention!!!!

Atomic Number, ZAtomic Number, Z

All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus, Z

1313

AlAl

26.98126.981

Atomic Number

Atomic Symbol

AVERAGE Atomic Mass

Mass NumberMass Number

Number of protons + number of neutrons in an Number of protons + number of neutrons in an atom.atom.

Example: 2 protons and 2 neutronsExample: 2 protons and 2 neutrons When solving for number of neutrons: When solving for number of neutrons:

round average atomic number properly, round average atomic number properly, subtract the atomic number from the mass subtract the atomic number from the mass

number.number. Example: K with atomic number 19 and average Example: K with atomic number 19 and average

atomic mass 39.0983 amu.atomic mass 39.0983 amu. 20 neutrons20 neutrons

Mass Number, AMass Number, A C atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is

the mass standard = 12 atomic mass units (amu)

Mass Number (A)= # protons + # neutrons

NOT on the periodic table

It is the Average atomic mass (which is on the periodic table) rounded to the nearest whole number

Element SymbolsElement Symbols

Hyphen Notation:Hyphen Notation:

Element symbol – Mass # (rounded)Element symbol – Mass # (rounded)

Example: Helium Example: Helium He-4 He-4 Nuclear Symbol:Nuclear Symbol:

Superscript Mass Number, Superscript Mass Number,

Subscript Atomic Number, Subscript Atomic Number,

SymbolSymbol

Example: Example: He42

Atomic StructureAtomic StructureLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

List the 3 major subatomic particles with their relative size, mass and charges

List 3 other sub-subatomic particles

Define the mass number, atomic number and symbol from an element on the periodic table

In SummaryIn Summary

Atomic number Atomic number = = the # protons and also the # electrons if the # protons and also the # electrons if

the atom is neutralthe atom is neutral

• Mass Number from PT =

•Average atomic number rounded to the nearest whole number

• Mass Number =

•# protons + # neutrons

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to the following questions:

Why did your mom marry your dad?

1.  My dad makes the best spaghetti in the world, and my mom eats a lot2.  She got too old to do anything else with him.3.  My grandma says that mom didn't have her thinking cap on.

Get Your Clicker!!!

Which two subatomic particles are found in Which two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?the nucleus of an atom?

1.1. Proton / ElectronProton / Electron

2.2. Proton / NeutronProton / Neutron

3.3. Electron / NeutronElectron / Neutron

4.4. Proton / QuarkProton / Quark

5.5. Neutron / QuarkNeutron / Quark

The atomic number represents the number The atomic number represents the number of … if neutral.of … if neutral.

1.1. ProtonsProtons

2.2. NeutronsNeutrons

3.3. Protons + NeutronsProtons + Neutrons

4.4. Protons + ElectronsProtons + Electrons

The mass number represents the number of The mass number represents the number of ……

1.1. ElectronsElectrons

2.2. Protons + ElectronsProtons + Electrons

3.3. Protons + NeutronsProtons + Neutrons

4.4. Neutrons + ElectronsNeutrons + Electrons

What is the correct Hyphen Notation for What is the correct Hyphen Notation for CalciumCalcium

1.1. Ca – 20Ca – 20

2.2. Ca – 40.078Ca – 40.078

3.3. Ca – 40.08Ca – 40.08

4.4. Ca – 40.1Ca – 40.1

5.5. Ca - 40Ca - 40

An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons. An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons. The element is …The element is …

1.1. SiSi

2.2. CaCa

3.3. SeSe

4.4. CC

An atom has 15 protons and 17 neutrons. An atom has 15 protons and 17 neutrons. What element is it?What element is it?

1.1. ClCl

2.2. HeHe

3.3. GeGe

4.4. PP

The isotope C-16 has which of the The isotope C-16 has which of the following?following?

1.1. 16 protons16 protons

2.2. 6 neutrons6 neutrons

3.3. 8 neutrons8 neutrons

4.4. 10 neutrons10 neutrons

5.5. 12 electrons12 electrons

6.6. 16 neutrons16 neutrons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

The isotope N-16 has which of the The isotope N-16 has which of the following?following?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

1.1. 16 protons16 protons

2.2. 7 neutrons7 neutrons

3.3. 8 neutrons8 neutrons

4.4. 9 neutrons9 neutrons

5.5. 16 electrons16 electrons

6.6. 16 neutrons16 neutrons

The nucleus contains (select the best The nucleus contains (select the best answer)…answer)…

1.1. ProtonsProtons

2.2. NeutronsNeutrons

3.3. ElectronsElectrons

4.4. PhotonsPhotons

5.5. Answer 1 and 2Answer 1 and 2

6.6. Answer 1 and 3Answer 1 and 3

7.7. Answer 2 and 3Answer 2 and 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

If an element with atomic #12 has 13 If an element with atomic #12 has 13 neutrons, what is it’s atomic mass?neutrons, what is it’s atomic mass?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

1.1. 1212 2.2. 1313 3.3. 2424 4.4. 2525 5.5. not listednot listed

If an element with atomic #12 has 13 If an element with atomic #12 has 13 neutrons, how many electrons does it have?neutrons, how many electrons does it have?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

1.1. 1212 2.2. 1313 3.3. 2424 4.4. 2525 5.5. not listednot listed

If an atom is neutral, which subatomic If an atom is neutral, which subatomic particles would be equal?particles would be equal?

1.1. Protons and neutronsProtons and neutrons

2.2. Neutrons and Neutrons and electronselectrons

3.3. Protons and Protons and ElectronsElectrons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

If an element with atomic #30 has a mass If an element with atomic #30 has a mass #65, how many neutrons will it contain?#65, how many neutrons will it contain?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22

1.1. 3030 2.2. 6565 3.3. 9595 4.4. 3535 5.5. not listednot listed

WHY GOD MADE MOMSAnswers given by 2nd grade school children

to the following questions:What's the difference between moms and

dads?1.  Moms work at work and work at home and dads  just go to work at work.2.  Moms know how to talk to teachers without scaring them.3.  Dads are taller and stronger, but moms have all the real power 'cause that's who you got to ask if you want to sleep over at your friends.4.  Moms have magic, they make you feel better without medicine!