The US & World War II Chapter 17 review Warm-up Question: What steps did the U.S. take to try...

The US &

World War IIChapter 17 review

Warm-up Question:

• What steps did the U.S. take to try and support the Allies before entering WWII?

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941

WWII Military Strategies

• Main Strategies• unconditional surrender• an eventual second front by invading Europe• victory in Europe first.• Then onto the Pacific.

The War for Europe & North Africa

Eisenhower- Europe

Battles of Importance

• Battle of The Atlantic–Hitler cuts off supplies from the U.S. to Britain and the Soviet Union.

• Allies overcame Axis blockades by using convoys

• North Africa and the Desert Fox• The Italian Campaign * Tuskegee Airmen * The 100th or 442nd Combat Team (Nisei)

D-Day

• Plan to invade France

• Operation Overlord

• June 6, 1944

• Amphibious attack

Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation

Overlord”]

Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation

Overlord”]

D-Day Invasion

D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Normandy Landing

(June 6, 1944)

Normandy Landing

(June 6, 1944)

Higgins Landing Crafts

German Prisoners

TThe Liberation of Paris:August 25, 1944TThe Liberation of Paris:August 25, 1944

De Gaulle in Triumph!

U. S. Troops in Paris, 1944

U. S. Troops in Paris, 1944

The Battle of the Bulge:Hitler’s Last Offensive

The Battle of the Bulge:Hitler’s Last Offensive

Dec. 16, 1944to

Jan. 28, 1945

Death Of President Roosevelt

• April 12, 1945 the President FDR dies

• Vice President Harry Truman becomes President

V.E. DayMay 8 1945

Mussolini & His Mistress,

Claretta Petacci

Are Hung in Milan, 1945

Mussolini & His Mistress,

Claretta Petacci

Are Hung in Milan, 1945

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

The Führer’s Bunker

Cyanide & Pistols

Mr. & Mrs. Hitler

The War at HomeChapter 17 section 4 review

Opportunity for Americans

• New job opportunities

• unemployment 1.2%

• Farmers

• African Americans move north

• Women made up 35% of the workforce

The Home Front• Selling war bonds raised money for

World War II

• Women• work in factories.• establish themselves as a vital part of the

economy.• participate in the war effort.• define a new role in society.

G.I. Bill

• Servicemen’s Readjustment Act 1944

• Education for veterans

• Federal loans

• Home loans

Discrimination

• Various racial groups experiences high levels of discrimination during WWII

• Would lead to civil rights movement of the 1960’s & 1970’s

The Home Front

• African-American Phillip Randolph demanded equal employment opportunities for blacks during World War II

• Executive Order No. 8802 required defense industries to make jobs available without discrimination based on race, creed, color, or national origin.

• Executive Order 9066- sent ethnic groups to Internment Camps during WWII Feb. 19, 1942

• Korematsu v. U.S. the Supreme Court upheld the government’s practice of placing Japanese Americans in internment camps

Mexican Americans

• 1943 Los Angeles Zoot Suit Riots

• Sailors reported that they had been “attacked” by Mexican Americans wearing zoot suits

• riots in Los Angeles in Mexican areas lasted a week

WWII Propaganda Cartoons

• Cartoons used to get Americans to participate in the war effort

• War Industries Board

• Department of Treasury

• Rationing

• Bond Drives

War in the Pacific

Chapter 17 section 3 review

The Pacific Under Japan

Yalta Conference

• Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

• Feb. 1945

• Germany to be divided onto 4 zones

• Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern Europe and to aid the U.S. in the Pacific

• All agreed on a creation of the United Nations Organization

Macarthur Nimitz

Battles of Importance

• Doolittles Raid

• Battle of Midway

Island Hopping

The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos, NM

• Albert Einstein and FDR• American Scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer developed

the atomic bomb• New Mexico

Dr. Robert Oppenheimer

Tinian Island, 1945Tinian Island, 1945

Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man

Enola Gay Crew

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

© 70,000 killed immediately.

© 48,000 buildings.

destroyed.© 100,000s died of

radiation poisoning & cancer later.

The Beginning of theAtomic Age

The Beginning of theAtomic Age

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

©40,000 killed immediately.

©60,000 injured.©100,000s died of

radiation poisoning& cancer later.

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

Hiroshima MemorialsHiroshima Memorials

The Atomic Bomb

• Consequences of Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan

– the surrender of Japan– the end of WWII– destruction of two Japanese cities– the deaths of thousands of civilians

Japan Surrenders

• September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders

• USS Missouri

• V-J Day

Aftermath of WWII & The Birth of Cold War Era

Chapter 18 review

U.N. in NYC

Cold War Beginnings

• Yalta Feb. 1945- The Big Three: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin

* Stalin goes back on his word = birth of the Cold War

The U.S & S.V

• Both countries were isolated prior to WWII in international relations

• Both practiced “missionary diplomacy”- each with the idea they had the “correct” political doctrine

• The Cold War would last 45 years from 1945-1990

Germany

• Issue of Berlin • West Germany

Democratic (soon independent)

• East Communist (controlled by Soviets)

• 1948 Soviets cut off supplies into Berlin

• Berlin Airlift 1948

Berlin Airlift lasted 327 days

Cold War Beginnings• Soviet specialist George Kennan stance on S.U.

= “get-tough-with-Russia”

• Truman Doctrine- March 1947- $$ given to free people countries threatened by outside pressures & armed minorities (aid sent to Greece & Turkey)

• Marshall Plan- gave money to democratic countries in Europe to rebuild after the war (Russia feeling lonely )

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Democratic countries

• Warsaw Pact- treaty among communist countries

NATO / WARSAW Pacts

U.S. Foreign Policy Post WWII

• Iron Curtain

• Domino Theory

• Containment Policy

Korean War

[1950-1953]

Korea Post WWII

• 6/25/1950 North Korean troops cross the 38th parallel

• South Korea looks to the UN

• Vote taken and the UN takes military action in Korea

The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

1950-1953

• NSC-68- National Security Council Memorandum-

• U.S. increases funds towards defense• Truman & MacArthur clash * MacArthur wants China * April 1951 MacArthur is fired• Armistice Line 7/27/1953- at 38°

• Presidents video Eisenhower….

The Cold War at Home

Chapter 18 review

Cold War Hysteria• 100,000 Americans were members of the

Communist Party in America

• Republicans push for stricter anti-communism legislature

• Federal Employee Loyalty Program 1947

• House Un-American Activities Committee “HUAC” – 1947

• Hollywood 10

The 2nd Red Scare

• Nixon and Joseph McCarthy head “red hunt”• Alger Hiss• McCarran Internal Security Bill- gave authority to the

gov. to detain and arrest suspicious people (vetoed by Truman)

• Julia and Ethel Rosenberg ‘53• 1997 Russia released recordsStating that Julius had given upinfo

Progress Through ScienceProgress Through Science

1957 1957 Russians launch Russians launch SPUTNIK SPUTNIK II

1958 1958 National National Defense Defense Education Act Education Act

Progress Through Science Progress Through Science

Atomic AnxietiesAtomic Anxieties::

““Duck-and-Cover Duck-and-Cover Generation”Generation”

Atomic TestingAtomic Testing::

1946-1962 1946-1962 U. S. exploded 217 U. S. exploded 217 nuclear weapons over nuclear weapons over the Pacific and in the Pacific and in Nevada.Nevada.

Progress Through Science Progress Through Science

UFO SightingsUFO Sightings skyrocketed in the skyrocketed in the 1950s.1950s.

War of the War of the WorldsWorlds

Hollywood used aliens as a Hollywood used aliens as a metaphor metaphor

for whom for whom ????

You know you’re a red if..

• You have declining religious sentiment

• Increased sexual freedom

• Your Homosexual

• Your for civil rights

• You’re a drunk

• Your in debt

The Red Scare Game

• Are you Red enough????

• Object of the game is for “reds” to get with as many “whites” as they can and for whites to not let any reds into your group

• Each person is worth 5 extra credit points

• RED PAPER STUDENTS ACQUIRE POINTS BY JOINING OR “INFILTRATING” white GROUPS.

• FOR EXAMPLE, A RED PAPER JOINS A GROUP OF SIX white PAPERS WOULD EARN 30 POINTS FOR HIM/HERSELF.

• IF TWO OR MORE RED PAPERS INFILTRATE A GROUP THEN THEY WILL DIVIDE THE POINTS

• ANY GROUP THAT HAS A RED PAPER IN IT, ALL white PAPERS WILL NOT RECEIVE ANY POINTS

• In order for white groups to get points NO reds are to be present