View
7
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
S. Mohammad Razavizadeh
June 15, 15
Tutorial at 1st 5G Conference, Tehran
1
Mobile Broadband Network Research Group (MBNRG)
@
Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)
S. Mohammad Razavizadeh smrazavi@iust.ac.ir
Mob
ile B
road
band N
etw
orks
Res
earc
h G
roup (M
BN
RG)
Outline
1. An introduction to 5G
2. Small cell in 5G
3. Spectrum in 5G
4. Multiple Antennas in 5G
5. Other RAT in 5G
2
3
Evolution of Wireless Networks
4
GSM UMTS HSDPAGPRS EDGE LTE LTE-A LTE-BHSUPA HSPA+AMPS
1G 2G 3G 4G 5G
202019901980
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
5G Roadmap
5
Ref: ETRI 2014
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
5G Objectives
6
Ref: ITU
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
5G Scenarios
7
Super real-time and reliable connections
Amazingly fast
Great Service in a crowd
Ubiquitous things communicating
Best experience follows you
delay, reliability
bit-rate,delay Accessibility,
dense crowds
simple devices,coverageAccessibility,
mobilityw w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
5G Requirements
8
Ref: METIS
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
5G Radio Access Technologies
9w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
5G Radio Access Technologies
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 510
5G service cube
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 511
5G Enabling Technologies
12
Network
Densification
Small Cells
HetNets
Spectrum
Extension
Super Wideband
In-bandFull
Duplex
Spectrum.
Massive MIMO
3DBF
Utilization
FBMC
NOMA
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Evolutions and Revolutions in 5G
13w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Cellular Networks
• Macro BS
• Cell splitting
• Adding more Macro BS in dense area
– Interference
– Site Acquisition
– CAPEX and OPEX costs
• e.g. CAPEX of a macro BS is 20,000 EUR and OPEX is 800 EUR
annualy
15w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Small-Cell Networks
16w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
SCN
Base Stations (BS)• low-power• low-cost• low-capacity
Small-cells Categories
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 517
Micro
Pico
Femto
Small-cells Categories
18w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
http://electronicdesign.com/
Inside the Small Cell
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 519
http://electronicdesign.com/
Heterogeneous Networks
20w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
HetNet
21
Ref: Tutorial @ ICC 2014
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Advantages of Small Cells
• Traffic Offloading
• Reduced coverage holes
• Enhanced link quality
• Efficient spectral reuse
• Reduced power consumption & Energy Efficiency
• Reduced CAPEX and OPEX Costs
• Using Radio Remote Head (RRH)
22
distance between TX and RX
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
C-RAN
23
Common Public Radio Interface
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
C-RAN
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 524
Uniformly Distributed Small-cell (UDC)
25w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Cell-on-Edge (COE)
26w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Deployment of Small-cells
27
M. Z. Shakir, et. al, “Spectral and energy efficiency analysis of uplink heterogeneous network with cells on edge,” in Elsevier Jour. PHYCOM, Jun. 2014
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Small-cell in 5G
• Unplanned deployments
– no detailed RF planning
• User deployed
• Large number of cells
• Different Backhaul
• Different RAT
• Multi-Stream Aggregation (MSA)
• mmW
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 528
Small-cell in 5G
29
“Phantom cell”
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Spectrum in 5G
• Higher frequencies millimeter waves
• Spectrum Aggregation
• Unlicensed bands
• Spectrum Sharing
• Cognitive radio
31w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
mmW in 5G
• 30 to 300 GHz
– 23, 29, 38, 40, 46, 47, 49GHz, and E-band
• Already used in LAN, PAN, and VANET
– backhaul in cellular networks
32
IEEE 802.11ad - WiGig - 7Gbit/s
mmW in 5G
33
Atmospheric and molecular absorption at mmWave frequencies
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Advantages
• Dense spectrum re-use
• Higher BW
• Multi-Gbps data rate
• No interference with macro cell
• Spatial multiplexing
• Compact equipment's (urban use)s
34w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
mmW Het Net
35w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
E-Band
• E-Band (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz):
– Largest segment of spectrum licensed by FCC and CEPT
– Wireless fronthaul, backhaul and network extension
– Point-to-point fixed wireless systems
• E-band Channel: Rec. ITU-R F.2006
– Channels of size multiple of 250 MHz
36w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Challenges
37
• Radio
– Lower Tx power and Rx sensitivity
• Antennas
– Directive antennas with beamforming
• Propagation
– building penetration, blockage effects, foliage, precipitation
• Mobility
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Carrier Aggregation
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 538
http://www.3gpp.org/
Carrier Aggregation
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 539
MIMO Categories
41
Spectral efficiency
Diversity and link reliability
Diversity Gain
Multiplexing Gain
Array
Gain
Space-Time Coding
Spatial Multiplexing
Beamforming(Precoding)
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Trends in Multiple Antenna Techniques
• Increasing the number of Antenna
– BS
– Users
• Antenna Distributing
– Cells
– Relays
– Building
• Antenna Cooperation
• Antenna Configurations & New Frequencies
42w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
New Multiple Antenna Technologies
Cooperative Multi-Point
(CoMP)
Distributed Ant. Systems
(DAS)mmW MIMO
3D Beamforming
(3DBF)Massive MIMO
43w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
MIMO Categories
• Point –to-Point MIMO
44
Inter-antenna interference
single user MIMO
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
MIMO Categories
• Multiuser MIMO
45
Inter-User interference
Precoding – DPCCombining – SIC- MRC
multiple data streams to multiple users
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
MIMO Categories
• Multiuser MIMO
46
multiplexing gain# of BS antennas
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
MIMO Categories
• Multi-cell MIMO
• Network MIMO
47
intercell interference (ICI)
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
CoMP
Coordinated Multipoint Reception/Transmission
48
Coordination among different cells to mitigate the ICI
Multi-user Multi-cell MIMO intercell interference (ICI)
Cooperative MIMO
base station coordination
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
CoMP Methods
• Two categories of CoMP
• 1- coordinated scheduling/ interference avoidance
– interference-aware scheduling, MIMO ZF beamforming
49
CoMP coordinated beamforming (CoMP-CB) CSI
spatial ICI coordination (ICIC)
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
CoMP Methods
• Two categories of CoMP
• 2- Coordinated data transmission/reception
– distributed MIMO processing
50
CoMP joint processing (CoMP-JP)CP
data + CSI data + CSI
information (CSI) need to be
links between each BS and a
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Advantages
• Eliminating ICI and enhancing the desired signal
• Changing interference to useful signals
• Cell edge throughput
51w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Challenges
• Backhaul overhead
• Accurate CSI exchange
– Especially DL in FDD --- Solution: statistical CSI
• Synchronization
– e.g. delay in IP links in femtocell
52w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
CoMP in 5G
• Increasing the number of MSs and BSs
– Dense cellular networks
– More interferences
• Small cells
– Femtocell, picocell, remote radio head (RRH)
• Heterogeneous networks (HetNets)
– Multiple tiers of randomly located BSs
• Random networks (RN)
53
V. Garcia, Y. Zhou, and J. Shi, IEEE“Coordinated Multipoint Transmission in Dense Cellular Networks With User-Centric Adaptive Clustering” , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 13, NO. 8, AUGUST 2014.
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
DAS
• Distributed Antenna Systems
• Distributed antenna (DA) ports throughout a cell
54
Antenna port
Macrocell BS
Same total powerw w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
DAS
55w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 5
Indoor DAS Outdoor DAS
DAS
• Centralized RAN
• HetNet
56
Femtocell
Remote antenna node
www.mobilebroadband.ir S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , 5G Conference , ITRC , Tehran , June 2015
Massive MIMO
A very large number of antennas at the BS
57
Large Scale MIMO Large # of users
large-scale antenna systems (LSAS)
www.mobilebroadband.ir S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , 5G Conference , ITRC , Tehran , June 2015
Massive MIMO
58
Advantages
• Spectral Efficiency
• Energy Efficiency
• Simple Linear Processing
– Spatial MF – MRC – ZF – MMSE
• Fading channel
• Resilience against failures
59
Energy Efficiency
• Perfect CSI
– TR power decreases proportional to the # of antenna
• Imperfect CSI
– square root of the # of antenna
• Energy Efficiency
• Extension of the range
60
H. Q. Ngo, E. G. Larsson, and T. L. Marzetta, “Energy and spectral efficiency of very large multiuser MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, pp. 1436–1449, Apr. 2013.
Power Reduction
61
Energy Efficiency
62
H. Q. Ngo, E. G. Larsson, and T. L. Marzetta, “Energy and spectral efficiency of very large multiuser MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, pp. 1436–1449, Apr. 2013.
Channel Estimation
• Need for CSI : multiuser precoding (DL) or detection
(UL)
• Proportional to the # of TR antennas
• FDD: Different CSI in UL and DL
• UL channel estimation at the BS
• All users send different pilot sequences
• Time is independent of the # of the BS antennas
63www.mobilebroadband.ir S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , 5G Conference
, ITRC , Tehran , June 2015
Channel Estimation
• DL channel estimation at the users
• BS transmits pilot symbols
• Time is proportional to the # of the BS antennas
• Infeasible in large # of antennas
• Channel coherence time
• Channel estimation only in UL
64
T. L. Marzetta, “How much training is required for multiuser MIMO?” AsilomarConference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ACSSC), CA, Oct. 2006, pp. 359–363.
Channel Estimation
• Non-orthogonal pilots in neighboring cells
• Pilot contamination
65
Beamforming to other cells and Inter-cell interference
Challenges
• Pilot contamination
• Antenna array configuration
• Channel modeling
66
Implementation
67
Linköping University and Lund University
Argos
• Rice University
68
Argos
• Rice University
69
3DBF
• Three Dimensional Beamforming
• Vertical Plane
• Two dimensional antenna arrays
• Full Dimensional MIMO
70
BS Radiation Pattern
71
BS Radiation Pattern
72
• Three sector cells (usually)
Vertical Tilt angle
• Mechanical tilting
73
Vertical Tilt angle
• Electrical tilting
74
3DBF
Beamforming in both Azimuth and Elevation angles
75
76
Vertical (elevation) Beamforming
Two Dimensional Sectorization
77
FD-MIMO and 3DBF
78
mmWave MIMO
• Many large # of antennas at the BS (100’s)
• Large # of antennas at the MS
• Large BW
• Antenna separation Spatial multiplexing
79
Small-cells
NOMA
• Multiuser Interference cancellation
• OMA FDMA , TDMA
• Limited capacity
• Solution: Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
• Interference cancellation
• Power multiplexing
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 581
NOMA
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 582
Filter Banks Multi-Carriers (FBMC)
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 583
OFDM
• High out-of band emissions - low BW efficiency
• Synchronization
• Side lobes
• Filtering OFDM & Filter Bank
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 584
FBMC
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 585
B. Farhang-Boroujeny, "OFDM versus Filter Bank Multicarrier," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 92-112, May 2011.
Comparing OFDM and FBMC
• Sub-channel frequency response
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 586
FBMC characteristics
• No sidelobes
• No guard time (no cyclic prefix)
• High spectral resolution
• Increased spectral efficiency
• Asynchronous users (cognitive)
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 587
Full Duplex Communications
• Frequency and time separation
• In-band Full-duplex Wireless Communications
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 588
Gang Liu, F. Richard Yu, Hong Ji, Victor C.M. Leung, and Xi Li, “In-Band Full-Duplex Relaying: A Survey, Research
Issues and Challenges,” IEEE Comm. Surveys and Tutorials, May 2015.
Full Duplex
• Relay techniques
• Bidirectional topology
• Self-interference cancellation
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 589
Other topics
• Energy efficiency and green communications
• Relay & Cooperative Comm.
• Massive MIMO
w w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
S . M o h a m m a d R a z a v i z a d e h , 5 G C o n f e r e n c e , I T R C , T e h r a n , J u n e 2 0 1 591
Thank you
Questions
w w w. m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
Recommended