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7/28/2019 UNIT 1 Environment,Ecosystems and Biodiversity
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UNIT-1Environmental science and
Engineering
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DEFINITIONS ENVIRONMENT:
Sum of total of all the living and non-living things around usinfluencing one another.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE:
Study of the environment its biotic and abiotic components
and their interrelationship. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING:
Application of engineering principles to the protection andenhancement of the quality of the environment and to theenhancement and protection of public health and welfare.
Environmental Studies (or) Environmental Education: It is the process of educating the people for preserving
quality environment.
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TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
Natural EnvironmentMan Made
Environment
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Natural Environment:
It is characterized by natural components.
All biotic and abiotic components are createdthrough a natural process.
E.g. soil, water, air, trees, noise etc.
Man Made Environment: Man is the most powerful environment agent.
He modifies the environment using modern
technologies according to his needs to a great
extent.
E.g. House, Road, Schools, Parks etc.
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COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ABIOTIC (or)
NON LIVING
COMPONENTS
BIOTIC (or)
LIVING
COMPONENTS
ENERGY
COMPONENTS
Abiotic components: Non living components of the environment are
called abiotic components.
E.g. Air, Water, Soil and Minerals.
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Abiotic Components
Atmosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere
Atmosphere: The cover of air that envelopes the earth is
called atmosphere.
Atmosphere extends up to 500 Kms from the
earth surface.
It comprises 78% nitrogen,21% oxygen and 1%
of other gases.
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ATMOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE EXOSPHERESTRATOSPHERE MESOSPHERE
Region Altitude in
Km
Temperature
In C
Chemical
Species
Troposphere 0-11 15 to -56 N2,H20,
C02,02
Stratosphere 11-50 -2 to -56 ozone
Mesosphere 50-85 -2 to -95 N0+, O2+
Thermosphere 85-500 -95 to 1200 NO+, O+,
O2+
Exosphere 500-1600 Very high H2, Helium
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FUNCTIONS OF ATMOSPHERE It maintains the heat balance on the earth by absorbing
the IR radiations.
The gaseous constituents play an important role in
sustaining life on earth.
Gaseous Constituent Functions
oxygen Supports life of living
organisms
Carbon dioxide Essential for photosyntheticactivity of plants
Nitrogen Essential Nutrient for plant
growth
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LITHOSPHERE The soil and rock components of the earth is called
lithosphere.
Functions of lithosphere: It is a home for human beings and wildlife.
It is a storehouse of minerals and organic matters.
HYDROSPHERE:
The aqueous envelope of the earth(75% of the earthsurface)
is called hydrosphere.
E.g. oceans, lakes, streams, rivers and water vapour.
Functions of hydrosphere: It is used for drinking purpose and also supports the
aquatic
life.
It is also used for irrigation, power production, industries
and transport
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Biotic components
The living component of the environment are called biotic
components. E.g. Animals, Plants and Micro organisms.
Biosphere:
The biological environment where the living organisms live
and interact with physical environment. Functions of biosphere:
Plants through photosynthesis produce oxygen in theatmosphere.
Animals inhale oxygen during respiration and give outcarbondioxide, which is again utilized by plants duringphotosynthesis.
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Energy components The components of energy flows across biotic and
abiotic components which play an important role tomaintain the life of living organisms.
E.g. solar energy, nuclear energy, geo chemical energy.
Scope of Environmental studies:
To get an awareness and sensitivity to the totalenvironment and its related problems.
To motivate the active participation in environmentalprotection and improvement.
To develop skills for identifying and solvingenvironmental problems.
To know the necessity of conservation of naturalresources.
To evaluate environmental programmes in terms ofsocial, economic, ecological and aesthetic factors.
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Importance (or) significance of Environmental
Studies
By environmental studies, People will understandthe concept of need of development withoutdestruction of environment.
People can gain the knowledge of different types ofenvironment and the effects of different
environmental hazards. It informs the people about their effective role in
protecting the environment by demanding changesin laws and enforcement systems.
Environmental studies have a direct relation to thequality of life we live.
Environmental studies develop a concern andrespect for the environment.
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Need for Public Awareness
Increasing population, urbanization and poverty have
generated pressure on the natural resources and lead to adegradation of the environment.
To protect or prevent the environment from the pollution,supreme court has ordered and initiated the environmentalawareness to the public through government and non
government to take part to protect our environment. Importance of Public or community participation:
Environment pollution cannot be removed by laws alone.
The proper implementation and especially publicparticipation are the important aspects.
Public participation is useful in law making process andcontrolling the pollution activities.
Thus the public participation plays an important role ineffective environmental management.
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Types of Public Participation Public participation is a decision making process.
It can be of various stages,1.Pressure group: The public pressure group may be formed
to influence the government on one hand and the industrieson the other hand.
2. Watch Dog: The public can act as watch dog to protect the
interests of public against environmental hazardousactivities.
3. Advisory council: The public can also act as advisorycouncil and agencies is to keep the environment suitable forliving.
4. Enforcing the environmental laws: The service of publiccan be utilized to enforce the environmental laws. Ifnecessary the member of public should conduct publicinterest litigations.
Thus many countries have accepted the concept of public
participation in environmental management
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