View
224
Download
6
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Unit 1: Three Worlds Meet
Beginnings to 1763Pages 22-37
B.C.E. and C.E.
B.c.e. means, “before the common era,” and refers to time periods from the beginning up until 0. Also know as b.c.C.e. means the “common era,” and refers to time periods from 1 until present day. Also known as a.d.Do not be confused, write these down and everything will be ok!!
What Three Worlds???
This should have been your very first question. What is your second question??WHEN DOES THE BEGINNING START??? This is your second question. Remember to question what you read!!Answer to first question-- Europe, Africa, and America’s
Group Work
Divide into your groups and look at the timeline and picture on page 25. You are to speculate about what emotions the Native Americans felt as they watched the ship approach, and write them down.Next, as a group, construct three questions the Native Americans might want to ask the people on the ship. You have 10 minutes, then we will share our thoughts with the class
Effective Note Taking: A Reminder
What is the piece of writing about?
Read the introduction and headings.
Look at illustrations, charts and graphs and read the captions.
What are the main points or ideas
Read through carefully thinking about what the main points or ideas are.
Make your notes
In your own words, summarize the information. Do not copy information directly from the book or internet. If you include a quote that is written in
the book, use quotation marks.
Chapter 1: Section 1
Crossing to the AmericasP. 27-31
Vocabulary Words for Chapter 1: Section 1
Here is a list of words you are responsible for:ArchaeologistArtifactMigrateCultureDomesticationCivilizationIrrigationMound BuildersBeringiaKnow these words, you will see them again later!! (Hint :) ) These words can be found in your textbook, p. 27-31
Archaeologist
Artifact
Migrate
Culture
What can you tell about the culture, of these children, from these pictures?
Domestication
Civilization
What is a civilization??
What features do you need to have a civilization??
5 Features of a Civilization
1. Cities are center of trade2. Specialized jobs for different people3. Organized forms of gov’t and religion4. System of record keeping5. Advanced tools
What leads to civilization?
The five features, but what is the most important invention leading to the formation of civilizations?Irrigation, DomesticationIrrigation leads to agriculture, which leads to trade, which leads to villages, etc..
Irrigation
First People in America
Migrated using the land bridge called Beringia. Where did they migrate from and why?Where is/was Beringia located?When exactly is the beginning?
Artifacts date back as far as 30,000 years ago!!
First People in America
Beringia created during the Ice AgePeople believed to have migrated from AsiaMigrated in search of food
Early American Artifacts
Early Mesoamerican Civilizations
Mesoamerica???
Region that stretches from Central Mexico to present day Nicaragua1200 b.c.e.(before common era) Olmec’s: an advanced Native American civilization that inhabited this areaThey lasted for 800 years: set up trade routes, built earthen mounds shaped like pyramids, and constructed large cities-- La Venta400 b.c.e, they vanished. But they influenced cultures they traded with, namely, the Mayan’s
The Mayan’s
Located in Southern Mexico and GuatemalaBy 250 c.e. (common era) they had an advanced civilization where they built pyramids, and had an accurate yearly calendar1st people to create a number system and they used pictographs as their written language.By 900, they disappeared. Where did they go??Scientists do not know, but speculate that either disease, revolts, or drought led to their extinction
Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan
The Four Corner Native American Tribes
4 Corner Tribes are found in these states:
We will focus on two of the 4 tribes
Anasazi: artifacts found in all 4 states (Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona)Hohokam: artifacts found mainly in Arizona
Location of these tribes
Map of 4 Corner Native Americans
Anasazi Tribe
Lived in the four corner states area from 100 c.e. to circa 1300 c.e. Were nomadic hunter-gatherers , who settled and became farmers
Cultivated maize (corn), squash, and beans
Actively traded with other culturesCreated roads to make trade easier
No writing system--instead used pictographs
Anasazi “spirals”
Anasazi pictographs
Lived on high mesas and in canyonsBuilt homes out of sun-dried, mud bricks, called PueblosBuilt homes up against overhanging walls: Why??Protection, and keep cool in summer and warm in winter
Lived in communal housesHouses shared by several families
Used kivas, a large, deep circle, for rituals
Anasazi cont…
KIVA
What is inside a kiva??
Anasazi Pueblo Cliff Dwelling
Anasazi Pueblo Cliff Dwelling
Anasazi Cave Dwelling
Anasazi cont..
By 1300 c.e., culture declined1600, all villages abandoned
Left all belongings in villages--Why?
Theories as to whyDrought, invaders (war), or a breakdown in their social structure
Hohokam Tribe
From 300 c.e. to 1500 c.e., they lived mainly in the Arizona area known as the Tucson Base “Desert Agriculturalists”--greatest of the desert farmers . Built villages close to streams so they could farmAdopted the “rancheria” style of living
People living in widely separated house groups within the village
Used pictographs as their writing style
Hohokam Pictographs
Hohokam “big” house
Hohokam cont…
They were master pottery makers: using the clay, earthen jars to store crops, maize, and waterDug ditches to water their crops
Also known as irrigation
They hunted and gathered, but farming was their main source of food
Hohokam irrigation canal
Hohokam irrigation canal
Hohokam cont…
By 1100 c.e., the Hohokam and the Mogollon tribes started integrating with each otherStarted living in large, apartment like adobe housesBy 1350, their cultures were dwindling: due to environmental factors (drought)1600, a completely new breed of tribes inhabited the area, and were encountered by the Spanish
Mound Builders
Lived in the Eastern part of the U.S.--mainly the Mississippi valley areaThree major groups:
AdenaHopewellMississippians
These groups built large, earthen structures--some in shapes of mounds, others serpent-like
Adena/Hopewell Map
Adena
Forced their way into their way into the Ohio Valley around 1000 b.c.e., and lasted until circa 100 c.e.Unusually tall people: archeologist found female bones 6’ tall, and found some males over 7’ tall
Adena cont..
Known for their agricultural practices, pottery, artistic works and extensive trading networkAcquired copper from the Great Lakes and sea shells from the Gulf coast due to tradeBuilt thousands of mounds (only some remain) ranging from 20-300 feet in diameter
Adena cont..
Purpose of the mounds:served as burial structures, ceremonial sites, historical markers and possibly gathering places
Adena culture seemed to end around 100 c.e.--Why?Theory: they assimilated into the Hopewell culture
Adena Mound
Great Serpent
Hopewell
Culture flourished from 200 b.c.e to around 400 c.e.Situated along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern U.S.Known for its’ burial ceremonies, diversified culture, and trade with other communities
Hopewell cont…
Exported and imported raw materials from across the country---This means they traded, and traded oftenRelied more on agriculture (farming) as opposed to being traditional hunter-gatherersChief crops included squash, maize, and sunflowers
Hopewell cont…
Used a variety of metal for tools and weapons.Obtained these metals via tradeCeased to exist between 200 and 400 c.e.Theories: society dissolved because of full-scale farming
Hopewell Mound
Hopewell Mound
Hopewell Mound
Mississippians
Lasted from around 700 to the 1700’s c.e.--Even encountered early EuropeansLived primarily in the Mississippi valley areaBuilt one of the first cities in North America called Cahokia, in IllinoisCahokia covered about 6 miles and had a population from 10,000 to 20,000 peopleBy 1400, the city was abandoned: Either disease or war with the Europeans
Artists Rendition of Cahokia
Ruins of Cahokia
Mississippians Cont…
Very sophisticatedPolitical systemsElaborate trade networks
Complex MoundsOver 100 of themSome have houses, some have clay pottery, some were never used
Mississippians Cont..
1200 c.e., they started to declineA shift in climate may have affected their crop growth
By 1400, the city was abandoned, and the culture gone
Mississippian Mound
Mississippian Mound
Group Work
With members of your group, create a graphic organizer for the different Native American tribes we learned aboutMake it on a separate sheet of paper in your notebook. Each student needs to have one
Example
Anasazi
Hopewell
Mississippians
Adena
Hohokam
Recommended