Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi Ch. 21 Fungi. What are Fungi? Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs...

Unit 6 Microorganisms Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi& Fungi

Ch. 21 FungiCh. 21 Fungi

What are Fungi?What are Fungi?

Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell wallshave cell walls

ChitinChitin - makes up cell walls, a complex - makes up cell walls, a complex carb. also found in the external skeletons carb. also found in the external skeletons of insectsof insects

Structure & Function of FungiStructure & Function of Fungi

HyphaeHyphae - thin filaments that make up - thin filaments that make up multicellular fungimulticellular fungi

The bodies of multicellular fungi are The bodies of multicellular fungi are composed of many hyphae tangled composed of many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass called a together into a thick mass called a myceliummycelium

MyceliumMycelium - absorbs food, has a large - absorbs food, has a large surface area to come in contact with the surface area to come in contact with the food source food source

Fruiting bodyFruiting body - a reproductive structure - a reproductive structure growing from the mycelium in the soil growing from the mycelium in the soil beneath itbeneath it

Reproduction in FungiReproduction in Fungi

Most fungi reproduce both asexually & Most fungi reproduce both asexually & sexuallysexually

SporangiaSporangia - structure where spores are - structure where spores are producedproduced

Classification of FungiClassification of Fungi

The kingdom Fungi has over 100,000 The kingdom Fungi has over 100,000 speciesspecies

They are classified according to their They are classified according to their structure & method of reproductionstructure & method of reproduction

The 4 main groups of fungi are: common The 4 main groups of fungi are: common molds, sac fungi, club fungi, & the molds, sac fungi, club fungi, & the imperfect fungiimperfect fungi

The Common Molds grow on meat, The Common Molds grow on meat, cheese, & breadcheese, & bread

There are more than 30,000 species of There are more than 30,000 species of sac fungi, making it the largest phylum of sac fungi, making it the largest phylum of the kingdom Fungithe kingdom Fungi

Club fungi gets its name from a Club fungi gets its name from a specialized reproductive structure that specialized reproductive structure that resembles resembles a club a club

The imperfect fungi are so named The imperfect fungi are so named because our understanding of their life because our understanding of their life cycles may not be perfectcycles may not be perfect

A sexual phase has never been observed A sexual phase has never been observed in their life cyclesin their life cycles

Ecology of FungiEcology of Fungi

All fungi are heterotrophsAll fungi are heterotrophs Many are Many are saprobessaprobes - organisms that - organisms that

obtain food from decaying organic matterobtain food from decaying organic matter

Fungi as Decomposers:Fungi as Decomposers: Fungi play an essential role in Fungi play an essential role in

maintaining equilibrium in maintaining equilibrium in nearly every ecosystem, nearly every ecosystem, where they recycle nutrients where they recycle nutrients by by breaking down the bodies breaking down the bodies & & wastes of other organisms wastes of other organisms

Fungi as Parasites:Fungi as Parasites: Parasitic fungi cause Parasitic fungi cause

serious plant & animal serious plant & animal diseasesdiseases

A few cause diseases in humansA few cause diseases in humans

Symbiotic Relationships:Symbiotic Relationships: Some fungi form symbiotic relationships in Some fungi form symbiotic relationships in

which both partners benefitwhich both partners benefit 2 such mutualistic associations, lichens & 2 such mutualistic associations, lichens &

mycorrhizae, are essential to many mycorrhizae, are essential to many ecosystemsecosystems

Symbiotic Relationships:Symbiotic Relationships: LichensLichens - mutualistic relationship - mutualistic relationship

between a fungus & an alga or a between a fungus & an alga or a cyanobacterium, or bothcyanobacterium, or both

Symbiotic Relationships:Symbiotic Relationships: MycorrhizaeMycorrhizae - associations of - associations of

plant roots & fungi plant roots & fungi

Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi Ch. 21 Fungi. What are Fungi? Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs...

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Fungi-What is that yellow blob. I.Introduction A.Early biologists used to think Fungus related to plant kingdom –1. relatively immobile –2. cell walls