UNIT Ⅲ TRANSPORTARION

UNIT TRANSPORTARIONⅢ

Key point:

PART ------Transportation ⅠFacility:Transportation is made up of fixed components and mobile elements.

PART ------ The Transportation Modes:The five Ⅱtransportation modes are rail, highway, water, pipeline, and air.

PART ------ Transportation Management:The Ⅲseven economic factors of transportation and transport documentation.

Difficult points:

• Fixed components

• Mobile elements

• Transportation modes

• Transportation management

Requirements:

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to have a good command of

Some transportation facilitySeveral transportation modes are

mentionedFactors of transportation economies

Requirements:

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Make out characters of fixed components and mobile elements

Clear about the excellence and shortcoming of all transportation modes

Part Ⅰ Transportation Facility

Abstract: This context notes that transport is responsible for a substantial number of jobs in the national economies.

And explains the features of fixed and mobile elements.

• Key words:

fixed components,mobile elements, the national economies, trucks, rail-wagons, barges, ships , cargo handling, roads, rail-tracks and ports

• New wordsinfrastructure n. 基础 , 永久性基地

substantial adj. 多的，大量的 , 富裕的

component n. 组成部分，组元，组件

dramatically adv. 戏剧性地；鲜明地；显著地

decade n. 十年；十年期

mobile n. 机动 ; 运动物体

barge  n. ① 驳船②大型游艇③专用汽艇④用驳船运载

alternative n. 两者挑一，取舍，抉择 , 替换物，选择对象

• New words

decline v. ① 下倾，下降，②偏斜 ;③将近结束 ;④使下倾 ;⑤谢绝

scale n. ① 标度，刻度，尺度②比率，比例尺，比例，缩尺③

individual adj. ① 个人的 ②独特的，个性的③个人，个体

capacity n. ① 容量，容积 ;② 能量 ;③ 能力， 智能④职位，资格

feature n. ① 面貌的一部②面貌，相貌③特征，特色④特写，特辑

institutional adj. ① 惯例的，制度的 ;② 公共机构的

provision  n. ① 供应，供应品②预备，预防，措施

longevity n. ① 长寿，长命②长期供职，资历

• New wordsmonopoly vt. ① 垄断，独占，专利 n.② 垄断商品

③垄断权，专利权

flexibility n. 机动性，灵活性

stimulate vt. ① 刺激，激发②起刺激作用

tendency n. ① 趋势，趋向②脾性，癖好③旨趣，意向

feature n. ① 面貌的一部②面貌，相貌③特征，特色④特写，特辑

dictum n. ① 宣言，声明②名言，格言③法官的意见

long-lived  n. 永久性的

longevity adj. ① 长寿，长命②长期供职，资历

Notes of the passage:

• [Para1] Transport is responsible for a substantial number of jobs in the national economies.在国民经济中交通运输业提供了大量的就业机会。

be responsible for 对……负责 • [Para2] in the sense that …… 在……方面

• [Para3] This does not only relate to the cargo handling techniques, but also to the equipment itself. 这（交通工具的寿命短）不仅与装卸工艺并且与交通工具本身有关。

• [Para4] be compared to 与……相比• [Para6] The structure of the mobile part of the

supply side of the transport industry is characterized by many suppliers working on a basis of free competition. 在自由竞争的基础上，交通运输业的供给结构的特征是由很多参与的供给者表现出来的。

Questions:

•1.What does transportation facility include? •2.Why does the public sector play an important role in transport? •3.What are the mobile components involved in the production of transport?

Part ⅡThe Transportation Modes

Abstract:The text introduces several transportation modes and discuss their respective advantage and shortcoming.

Key words:mileage, traffic volume, revenue, the nature of traffic composition, the enclosed tri-level automobile car, cushioned appliance cars, unit trains, articulated cars, and double-stack containers, deep-water vessels,

New wordsmileage n. 里程

revenue n. 收益

right-of-way n. （道路）用地，（筑）路权

switching yards n. 调车场 , 编组站

chassis n. 底盘

toll n. 通行费

trailer   拖车，挂车

labor-intensive adj. 劳动力密极的

New wordsenhancement n. 增加，增强

supplemental adj. 补充的，增补的，辅助的

slurry n. 泥桨

suspension n. 悬液

scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的

prohibitive adj. 起阻止作用的，抑制的

moue  n. 撅嘴，怪相

accelerate v. 加速，加快，促进

Sentence Explanations

• [Para1] in terms of…….. 以……述语（来表示）

• [Para2] The capability to efficiently transport large tonnage over long distances is the main reason railroads continue to handle significant inter-city tonnage and revenue. 有效的长距离大吨位运输的能力是铁路继续承担大量的城际间运输的主要原因。

• [Para4] To a significant degree the rapid growth of the motor carrier industry results from door-to-door operating flexibility and speed of inter-city movement. 公路运输业的迅速发展在很大程度上是由于公路的“门到门”运输的灵活性及城际间的运输速度（的提高）。

• [Para5] The variable cost per mile for motor carriers is high because a separate power unit and driver are required for each trailer or combination of tandem trailers. 公路运输的每哩可变成本高是由于一辆挂车或两辆挂车就需要单独的拖车和驾驶员。

• [Para6] Although accelerating labor rates influence all modes of transport, motor carriers are more labor-intensive, which causes higher wages to be a major concern. 动成本（的原因）。虽然提高劳动力成本对所有的运输方式都有影响，而公路运输的劳动力更加密集，这是引起关注劳

• [Para7] In contrast, diesel-towed barges, which generally operate on rivers and canals, have considerably more flexibility. 相反，在内河或运河中运行的柴油机驳船有的更大灵活性。

• [Para8] The main disadvantages of water transport are the limited range of operation and speed. 水路运输的最大缺点是运输范围和速度受到限制，（即灵活性差，速度慢）。

• [Para11] Coal slurry lines require massive quantities of water, which is a significant concern of environmentalists, particularly in selected areas where water is scarce and large coal reserves are located. 煤浆管道运输需要大量的水，这是环境保护者极其关心的，尤其是在水资源短缺和煤的储量丰富的地方。

Questions: 1、 How many transportation modes are there?

What are they?

2、Why rail network has high fixed costs?

3 、 What is the main advantage of water transport?

4、What is the advantage of pipeline?

5 、 Why can the potential opportunity of air transport not become a reality now?

6、 Why is supplemental haul usually required utilizing water transport?

7 、 Why does highway transportation have expended?

8 、 What are the characteristics of motor carriers?

PART ⅢTransportation Management

Abstract: This text discuss the economic factors of transportation and transport documentation in transportation management.

Key words:transport economic,freight bills, bills of lading, shipping manifests, order-notified,EDI(Electronic data interchange)

New words density n. 密度

stowability n. 易装性

liability n. 责任，义务

incorporate v. 结合；合并

per hundredweight (CET)

n. 英担（英国为一百二十磅，美国为一百磅）

rectangular adj. 矩形的， 成直角的

assess  v. 收费

lade v. 装（船），装载（货物）

freight n. 货物，运费，货运

manifest n. （飞机、船的）货物清单

claim v. 索取，索赔

bona fide adj. （拉）真正的

recipient n. 接受者

designate v. 指明，指定

title  n. 所有权，权利，资格

substandard adj. 低于法定标准的

New Words

New Words order-notified adj. 预先通知的

collect v. 货到后付款

automate v. 使自动

consignee n. 收货人

simultaneously adv. 同时发生地

EDI （ Electronic data interchange ）

n. 电子数据交换

Sentence Explanations

• [Para4] As a result, these products are assessed lower transport costs per unit of weight. 其结果是这些货物的单位重量运输费用更低。

• [Para7] A transport lane refers to movements between origin and destination points. 运输通道是指起点到终点之间的移动。

Sentence Explanations• [Para5] It is possible to have products with the

same density that stow very differently. 货物堆装差异很大但其比重相同是可能的。

• [Para9] In case of loss, damage, or delay, the bill of lading is the basis for damage claims. 在发生短缺、破损或延误时，装货清单是索赔的基本（根据）。

• [Para13] Export rates may reduce total cost if applied to domestic origin or destination line-haul transport. 如果采用国内的出发地或目的地长途运输，出口率可以使总费用下降。

Questions: • How many factors of transportation economies

are there? • What does “transportation rate table” mean? • Which is the factor that is a major influence on

transportation cost? • What does “odd sizes and shapes” refer to? • Why is it best to arrange “balanced” moves? • What are the three primary types of

transportation document?

Questions:

• What does bill of lading indicate? • Why is it important to understand the

terms and conditions of bill of lading?

UNIT INVENTORY MANAGEMENTⅣ

Key point:the classification of warehouse, warehouse equipment,functions of inventory

Difficult points:control of inventories

Requirements: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to have a good command of

the major benefit of private warehousing, contract warehouse and public warehouse

Were employed all kinds of handling equipment in Modern warehouses

Part ⅠThe Classification of Warehouse

Abstract: The article introduces three kinds of warehouse and discuss their characteristic.

Key words: enterprise, merchandise, facility,

benefits of private warehousing , flexibility

New Words

n. 相反

fixed or variable fee

n. 固定费用和可变费用

evolve from . 从…… ..演变而来

segment n. 部分

alternative adj. 两者（或两者以上）挑一的

priority v. 优先配给

motivated adj. 有动机的，目的明确的

mislead v. 使误解

in contrast

New Wordsintangible adj. 无形的，难以确定的

leverage v. 调节

on the basis of 以…… .为基础

profit markup 利润合算

return processing 回收处理

Sentence Explanations

• [Para1] The benefits of 即 the advantage of

• [Para3] Private warehouses provide more control since the enterprise has absolute decision-making authority over all activities and priorities in the facility. 自营仓库具有更大的控制优势 ，因为公司在所有 活 动和优先（ 使用）设施设备方面有绝对的决策权。

• [Para7] Almost any combination of services can be arranged with the operator either for a short term or a long duration. 几乎所有的多功能服务都可以与合作者进行短期的或长期的合作。

• [Para9] The lower variable cost may be the result of lower pay scales, better productivity, or economy of scale. 较低的支付水平、更高的生产率或经济规模产生了较低的可变成本。

• [Para12] The long-term relationship and shared risk will result in lower cost than typical public warehouse arrangements, although minimum fixed assets are still required for facilities. 长期的合作关系和共担风险会使费用比典型的公共仓库管理低，虽然还是需要少量的固定资产。

Questions:

• 1 、 How many kinds of inventory are there? What are they?

• 2、Why is it impossible to find a warehouse for lease that fits the exact requirements of a firm?

• 3、What is the major benefit of private warehousing?

• 4、What is contract warehouse?

• 5、What is public warehouse classified, on the basis of the range of specialized operations performed?

• 6、What does public warehousing offer?

• 7、What is the characteristic of contract warehouse?

• 8 、 What is the difference between contract warehouse and public warehouse?

Part Ⅱ Warehouse Equipment

Abstract: The article describes several kinds of handling equipment,it includes forklift trucks, walkie-ride pallet trucks, towlines, tractor-trailer devices, conveyors, and carousels.

Key words: handling equipment

New Wordsmaster carton 硬纸板箱

solid fiber 致密纤维板

slip sheet 薄衬纸

corrugated paper 瓦楞纸

skid n. 低平台（有时有轮子

shuttle n. 短程穿梭般运输

towline v. 拖缆

debate v. 争论

merit n. 优点

conveyor n. 输送机

configuration n. 结构

sacrificed v. 献出

carousel n. 回转输送机

New Words

[Para2] However, forklifts are not limited to unit-load handling. Skids or boxes may also be transported depending on the nature of the product. 但是 , 叉车不仅限于单元化的操作 , 根据产品特点还可用于搬运低平台和箱子 .

[Para3] Particular attention to narrow-aisle trucks has increased in recent years, as warehouses seek to increase rack storage density and overall storage capacity. 近几年来对窄道叉车的重视程度有所提高 , 为了提高仓库的储存密度和提高储存容积 .

Sentence Explanations

[Para5] However, such handling devices do not have the flexibility of forklift trucks. 但是 , 这处搬运设施没有叉车的灵活性 .

[Para7] It is not as economical as the towline because it requires greater labor participation and is often idle. 因为它所需的劳动力较多且经常闲置，所以不如拖缆车经济。

[Para8] Portable gravity-style roller conveyors are often used at the warehouse for loading and unloading and, …….

portable gravity-style--- 可移动的重力式

[Para9] The rationale behind carousel systems is to shrink order selection labor requirements by reducing walking length/paths and time. 回转输送机的基本原理是通过减少 ( 人员 ) 行走的距离和时间来缩小拣选的工作量需求 .

Questions:

1.、What is the type of handling equipment most used?

2、 How many pallets does a forklift truck can normally transport at a time?

3、What is the characteristic of forklift trucks?

4、What are the typical applications of walkie-rider pallet trucks?

Questions:

• 5、What is the main advantage of tow tractor with trailers?

• 6、What does the debate about towlines involve?

• 7、 What are often used at the warehouse for loading and unloading?

• 8、 How does a carousel operate?• 9、What are the functions of the light system

s of pick-to-light systems?

Part Ⅲ Inventory Management

Abstract: Functions of Inventory and Types of Inventory are introduced in the passage. some inventory theories as ABC analysis, control of Service Inventories and just-In-Time Philosophy are also described.

Key words: ABC analysis just-In-Time

New Wordsdecouple v. 脱离，分开

fluctuate n. 波动，不定

inflation n. 通货膨胀，物价飞涨结构

cycle time n. 周期

finished goods n. 成品

• [Para1] To take advantage of quantity discounts, because purchases in larger quantities may reduce the cost of goods or their delivery.库存可以带来数量折扣优势，因为大批量采购可降低货物的价格和运输费用．

• [Para3] However, the preferred approach is to eliminate supplier variability in quality, quantity, or delivery time so that separation is not needed. 但是，更好的方法是消除质量、数量和运送时间供应的变化，这样就不需有“分离”了，即不需原材料库存。

Sentence Explanations

Sentence Explanations

• [Para４ ] Finished goods inventory is completed product awaiting shipment. awaiting shipment 动名词短语作定语，修饰 completed product ．

• [Para5] ABC analysis divides on-hand inventory into three classifications on the basis of annual dollar volume. ABC 分析法把现有的库存根据年销量分成三个等级。

Sentence Explanations

• [Para5] It is not realistic to monitor inexpensive items with the same intensity as very expensive items. 用监控贵重物品的频率去监控廉价物品是不现实的．

• [Para8] This makes JIT an excellent tool to help operations managers add value by driving out waste and unwanted variability. 这使 JIT成为一种极好的工具，帮助管理人员取消浪费和不期望发生的变动而增值。

• 1、 How many functions of inventory are there? What are they?

• 2、What are the four types of inventory firms maintain?

• 3、Why does work-in-process inventory exist?

• 4、What does MROs inventory devote?

• 5、What does ABC analysis mean?

Questions:

Questions

• 6、What are the techniques of control of service inventory mentioned in the passage?

• 7、What is “Just-in-time philosophy”?

• 8、What is just-in-time inventory?