Unit4 Grammar and usage. Unit 4 Verb-ed and verb-ing (Participles) Teaching goals: The grammar in...

Unit4 Grammar and usage 教学课件

沛县第二中学 董淑敏

Unit 4

Verb-ed and verb-ing (Participles)

Teaching goals:

▲The grammar in this unit focuses on participles.

Students are required to understand what is a participle.

▲ The teacher will help students review the functions of participles (verb-ing and verb-ed) in different situations.

▲ Students are expected to apply what they learn to complete some oral and written tasks.

发展中国家

正在飘落的叶子 falling leaves

一层厚厚的落叶 a thick layer of fallen leavesdeveloping countries

发达国家 developed countries

受到惊吓的小鸟 terrified birds

可怕的经历 a terrifying experience

沸腾的水 boiling water

开水 boiled water

Translate the following using the participle:

The verb-ing form usually expresses an action that is going on,

while the verb-ed form usually refers to a finished action.

Translate the following using the participle:激动人心的发展 exciting development

激动的人们 excited people

令人鼓舞的话 encouraging words

受到鼓舞的人 encouraged people

令人担心的交通事故 worrying traffic accidents

感到担心的旅客 worried passengers

The verb-ing form usually expresses what something is like while the verb-ed tells how we feel about something.

The v-ed form usually expresses the passive meaning while the v-ing form expresses the active meaning.

找到了被偷的车 find the stolen cars

躺在桌子上的书 the book lying on the desk

被放在桌子上的婴儿the baby laid on the desk

燃烧的大火 a burning fire

烧伤的皮肤 burned skin

Note: A participle phrase usually goes after the noun it modifies.开往伦敦的火车停在城边。The trains going to London stop at the edge

of the city.你在因特网上做研究所花的时间将会给你带来更

多的回报。 Your time spent doing research on the

Internet will be much more rewarding.他坐在窗边，看着空中飞舞的落叶。She sat beside the window, watching the

falling leaves floating in the air.

We can use participles

as an attribute.

Does this word function as

an attribute?

The Verb-ing form and

the Verb-ed form

can be used as an adverbial.

Now combine these two sentences using the participles as the adverbial.

Realizing he would have to take two different trains, he decided to take a taxi instead.

Exhausted by hard work, he soon fell asleep.

Because he realized he would have to take two different trains, he decided to take a taxi instead.

As he was exhausted by hard work, he soon fell asleep.

We can use

the verb-ing and verb-ed form

as an adverbial of reason.

If they know all that, they needn’t ask him any more.

Knowing all that, they needn’t ask him any

more.

If we are united, we stand; if we are divided,

we fall.

United, we stand; divided, we fall.

We can use

the verb-ing and verb-ed form

as an adverbial of condition.

A plane crashed near the South Pacific so that it killed 24 passengers on board.

A plane crashed near the South Pacific, killing 24 passengers on board.European football is played in 80 countries, so that it is made the most popular sport in the world.

European football is played in 80 countries, making the most popular sport in the world.

We can use

the verb-ing and verb-ed form

as an adverbial of result.

Though they know all this, they asked him to

write down what happened.

Knowing all this, they asked him to write down what happened.

Although he was born in a rich family, he lived

a simple life.

Born in a rich family, he lived a simple life.

We can use

the verb-ing and verb-ed form

as an adverbial of concession.

When he hears the news that he will get 4As, he will jump with joy.Hearing the news that he will get 4As, he will jump with joy.

When she was asked how old the underground system was, she made no reply.

When asked how old the underground system

was, she made no reply.

We can use

the verb-ing and verb-ed form

as an adverbial of time.

The participle can also be used as an adverbial of manner.

1.They came into the classroom,1.They came into the classroom, singing and singing and

laughing.laughing.

They came into the classroom,They came into the classroom, and they were and they were

singing and laughing.singing and laughing.

2.The train headed for London,2.The train headed for London, puffing and puffing and

rattlingrattling..The train headed for London,The train headed for London, and it was and it was puffing and rattling.puffing and rattling.

They came into the classroomThey came into the classroom as they sang as they sang and laughed.and laughed.

1. 分词形式可表示伴随或方式，可替换并列句。2. 分词形式表示时间，可替换 when/while 引导的时间状 语从句，有时可用 when/while+ 动词 -ing形式表示。3. 分词形式可表示原因，可替换原因状语从句。

动词 -ing 的主语和句子的主语一致。

分词形式作状语

4. 分词形式可表示条件，可替换条件状语从句。5. 分词形式可表示结果，可替换结果状语从句。6. 分词形式可表示让步，可替换让步状语从句。

Note 1:When the v-ing or v-ed clause is used as

an adverbial, its understood subject is usually

the same as the subject of the main clause.

1. 由于被拥挤的交通所困 , 他上班迟到了。 Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for

work.

2. 如果给足时间的话 , 我们将会参观整坐城市。 Given enough time, we will be able to see the

whole city.

Note 2: The negative word not always

appears before the v-ing or v-ed.

1. 由于不知道该乘哪条线路 , 于是她就向我求助。Not knowing which line to take, she turned to me

for help.

2. 由于他没有尽力 , 考试不及格。Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.

Note 3. We use being +v-ed to form the continuous passive.

1. The underground system being built in the city will be open next year.

2. In those days they went to the wharf to watch the ships being loaded and unloaded.

Writing:

Task 1:

Supposing there was an accident that happened in a hotel, a policeman would look into it. Please make a dialogue with some participles.

Sample:

Policeman: What did you do when you got to

the party?

Witness: Arriving there, I found everybody was there and the dancing was just beginning. Having looking around for several minutes, I saw some of my friends chatting at a table. So I went over to join them.

Policeman:

Witness:

When did you last see the hostess?

Drinking too much wine, I got a headache and the hostess led me to a room upstairs to have a rest. It was about 10 p.m..

Policeman: What happened next?

Witness: Having rested for half an hour, I felt much better and went to wash my face. Hearing the scream, I ran downstairs and saw the hostess lying on the floor, surrounded by all the guests.

Task2:

Please write a diary entry describing how you felt during your preparation for 4As and after your examination.

?!?!Verb-ed and verb-ing

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

1. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _______ the same thing. （ 2006 年江苏省高考题）

A. saying B. said

C. to say D. having said

2. My cousin came to see me from the country, _______ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (2006 年安徽省高考题 )

A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D.had brought

3. Don’t respond to any e-mails ____ personal information, no matter how official they look. （ 2006 年天津高考题）

A.searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning

4. Don‘t sit there _______ nothing. Come and help me with this table.

（ 2006 年湖北省高考题） A. do B. to do

C. doing D. and doing

5. —Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening?

—Sorry, Tom. _______ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you. (2006 年海安中学模拟题 )

A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared

6.—The English exam is not difficult, is it?

—_______. Even Tom _______ to the top students failed in it. (2006 年黄冈模拟题 )

A. Yes; belongs B. No; belong C. Yes; belonging D. No;

belonging

7. At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total. (2006年九江模拟题 )

A. made B. to make

C. making D. having made

1. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. （ 2006 年浙江省高考题） A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared

2. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _______ Chinese in the school, most _______ were from Germany. （ 2006 年辽宁省高考题） A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom

3. —Why do you look sad?

—There are so many problems _____. (2006 年东北八校联考题 )

A. remaining to settle

B. remained settling

C. remaining to be settled

D. remained to be settled

4. _______ as the "first lady of speech", Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills. (2006 年江西模拟题 ) A. Knowing B. Having known C. Known D. To be known

5. No matter how frequently _______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. （ 2006 年广东省高考题） A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed

6. _______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. （ 2006 年福建省高考题） A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blame

7. _______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. （ 2006 年四川省高考题）

A. Faced  B. Face 

C. Facing  D. To face

1. _____ good, cookies made by the Smiths sell well in the market. (2006年浙江模拟题 )

A. Smelled B. Being smelling C. Smelling D. To smell

2. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ____ . (2005 年湖北高考 )

A. to spend B. spent

C. being spent D. being tried out

3. Only _______ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective. (2006 年连云港模拟题 ) A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken

4. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.（ 2006 年湖南省高考） A. coveringB. covered C. cover D. to cover

5. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year. (2005 年湖北高考 ) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

6. ____in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （ 2005 年湖南高考）

A. Dressed B. To dress

C. Dressing D. Having dressed

7. —Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival?

—Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it. (2006 年江宁中学模拟题 )

A. trying out B. tried out

C. to try out D. being tried out

8. —O’Neal works hard.

—So he does. He is often seen _____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice. (2006 年浙江模拟题 )

A. to be sweated B. sweated

C. be sweated D. sweating

learn through comprehension

learn through communication

Grammar

learning

strategy

learn through induction

learn through errors

Homework

1. Please finish your writing.

2. Read the given passage and decide whether you will go to The Lake District for a holiday.