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U.S. History 1877-PresentU.S. History 1877-Present
33rdrd Nine Week Benchmark Test Review Nine Week Benchmark Test Review Power PointPower Point
(use along with Study Guide if needed)(use along with Study Guide if needed)
USII.2a: The Great PlainsUSII.2a: The Great Plains
1. Physical features and climate of the Great Plains:
• Flatlands that rise gradually from east to west
• Land eroded by wind and water
• Frequent dust storms
• Low rainfall
USII.2a: The Great PlainsUSII.2a: The Great Plains
2. Technological advances allowed people to live in more challenging environments.
3. Because of new technologies, people saw the Great Plains not as a “treeless wasteland” , but a vast area to be settled.
USII.2a: The Great PlainsUSII.2a: The Great Plains
4. The 8 inventions/adaptations of the Great Plains:
*barbed wire *beef cattle raising
*steel plows *wheat farming
*dry farming *windmills
*sod houses *railroads
USII.2b: Advances in TransportationUSII.2b: Advances in Transportation
5. Advances in transportation linked resources, products, and markets by:a. Moving natural resources such as copper and lead to eastern factories.
b. Moving iron ore deposits to sites of steel mills in Pittsburgh
c. Transporting finished products to national markets.
USII.2b: Advances in USII.2b: Advances in TransportationTransportation
6. Three examples of manufacturing areas that were located near centers of population included:
a. Textile in New England (Northeast)
b. Automobile in Detroit (Midwest)
c. Steel in Pittsburgh (Northeast)
USII. 2c: States and RegionsUSII. 2c: States and Regions
7. States in the Northeast: (9)
Maine Rhode Island
Vermont New York
New Hampshire New Jersey
Connecticut Pennsylvania
Massachusetts
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
8. States in the Southeast: (14)
Maryland South CarolinaDelaware GeorgiaWest Virginia FloridaVirginia AlabamaKentucky MississippiTennessee LouisianaNorth Carolina Arkansas
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
9. States in the Midwest region: (12)
Ohio Iowa
Indiana Missouri
Illinois Kansas
Michigan Nebraska
Wisconsin South Dakota
Minnesota North Dakota
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
10.States in the Southwest: (4)
Texas
Oklahoma
New Mexico
Arizona
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
11. States in the Western/Rocky Mountain region: (6)
Colorado Montana
Utah Wyoming
Nevada Idaho
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
12. States in the Pacific region: (3)
Washington
Oregon
California
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
13.States in the Noncontiguous region: (2)
Alaska
Hawaii
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
14.Region for each city:
a. Honolulu: Noncontiguous
b. New York: Northeast
c. Los Angeles: Pacific
d. Washington D.C.: Southeast
e. Denver: Western/Rocky Mountain
f. San Antonio: Southwest
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
14. Continued
g. Chicago: Midwest
h. Boston: Northeast
i. Pittsburgh: Northeast
j. St. Louis: Midwest
k. Atlanta: Southeast
l. Philadelphia: Northeast
USII.2c: States and RegionsUSII.2c: States and Regions
14.Continued
m. Juneau: Noncontiguous
n. Salt Lake City: Western/Rocky Mountain
o. Detroit: Midwest
p. New Orleans: Southeast
q. Santa Fe: Southwest
r. San Francisco: Pacific
s. Suffolk: Southeast
USII.3a ReconstructionUSII.3a Reconstruction
14.Reconstruction took place after the Civil War.
15. The 13th Amendment banned slavery in the United States and any of its territories.
16. The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guarantees them equal protection under the law.
USII.3a Reconstruction USII.3a Reconstruction continuedcontinued
17.The 17.The 1515thth Amendment ensures all Amendment ensures all citizens the right to citizens the right to votevote regardless of regardless of racerace or or colorcolor or previous condition of or previous condition of servitude.servitude.
18. The 1418. The 14thth Amendment guarantees Amendment guarantees equal protectionequal protection under the law for under the law for ALLALL citizens. citizens.
USII.3b Reconstruction USII.3b Reconstruction Policies and ProblemsPolicies and Problems
19. Reconstruction policies were 19. Reconstruction policies were harshharsh and created and created problemsproblems in the South. in the South.
20. Reconstruction attempted to give 20. Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the meaning to the freedomfreedom that the that the former enslaved African Americans former enslaved African Americans had achieved.had achieved.
USII.3b Reconstruction Policies USII.3b Reconstruction Policies and Problemsand Problems
21.Reconstruction policies and problems included:21.Reconstruction policies and problems included:
a. Southern military leaders could not hold office.
b. African Americans could hold public office.
c. African Americans gained equal rights as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which authorized the use of federal troops for its enforcement.
USII.3b Reconstruction Policies USII.3b Reconstruction Policies and Problems continued:and Problems continued:
d. Northern soldiers supervised the South
e. Freedman’s Bureau was established to aid former enslaved African American in the South.
f. Southerners resented northern “carpetbaggers”, who took advantage of the South during Reconstruction.
USII.3b Reconstruction Policies USII.3b Reconstruction Policies and Problems continued:and Problems continued:
22.Reconstruction ended with the 22.Reconstruction ended with the Election of Election of 1876.1876.
a. a. FederalFederal troops were removed. troops were removed.
b. Rights that African Americans b. Rights that African Americans gained were lost through gained were lost through blackblack codes. codes.
USII.3c: The Legacy of Abraham Lincoln, USII.3c: The Legacy of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick DouglassRobert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass
23.The actions of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. 23.The actions of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass created Lee, and Frederick Douglass created lasting lasting impactsimpacts..
24. Abraham Lincoln:24. Abraham Lincoln:a. Reconstruction plan called for reconciliation.
b. Preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South.
USII.3c: The Legacy of Abraham Lincoln, USII.3c: The Legacy of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass
continuedcontinued
25. Robert E. Lee:25. Robert E. Lee:
a. Urged Southerners to a. Urged Southerners to reconcilereconcile at at the end of the war and the end of the war and reunitereunite as as Americans when some wanted to continue Americans when some wanted to continue to fight.to fight.
b. Became president of b. Became president of WashingtonWashington College which is now known as College which is now known as WashingtonWashington and and LeeLee University. University.
USII.3c: The Legacy of Abraham Lincoln, USII.3c: The Legacy of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass
continuedcontinued
26. Frederick Douglass:26. Frederick Douglass:
a. Fought for adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights.
b. Had a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties for all.
USII.4a Westward ExpansionUSII.4a Westward Expansion
24. New opportunities and 24. New opportunities and technological advances led to technological advances led to westward migration following westward migration following the the CivilCivil War. War.
USII.4a Westward ExpansionUSII.4a Westward Expansion25. The 5 reasons for westward expansion:
*Opportunities for land ownership
*Technological advances, including the Transcontinental Railroad
*Possibility of wealth created by the discovery of gold and silver
*Adventure
*A new new beginning for former slaves, also called Exodusters.
USII.4a Westward Expansion USII.4a Westward Expansion continuedcontinued
26. The Impact on American Indians:26. The Impact on American Indians:a. Opposition by American Indians to a. Opposition by American Indians to westward expansion (Battle of westward expansion (Battle of LittleLittle Big Big Horn, Sitting Horn, Sitting BullBull, and , and GeronimoGeronimo). ).
b. Forced b. Forced relocationrelocation from traditional lands from traditional lands to to reservationsreservations (Chief Joseph, Nez (Chief Joseph, Nez Perce’Perce’).).
c. Reduced c. Reduced populationpopulation through warfare through warfare and disease (Battle of and disease (Battle of WoundedWounded Knee). Knee).
USII.4a Westward Expansion USII.4a Westward Expansion continuedcontinued
d. Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes, e.g. reduction of buffalo population.
e. Reduced their homeland through treaties that were broken.
f. American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924.
Westward Expansion (continued)Westward Expansion (continued)
g. Indian policies and wars-land set aside for Native
Americans called reservations
-last victory for the native Americans: Battle of Little Bighorn
-led his people to Canada to escape living on reservations: Chief Joseph
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
27. Reasons for increased immigration were:
Hope for better opportunities
Escape from oppressive governments
Adventure
Religious Freedom
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
28. The 3 reasons why cities developed:
*Specialized industries
-steel-Pittsburgh
-meatpacking-Chicago
*Immigration from other countries
*Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas for job opportunities
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
33. Inventions that created great change and industrial growth in the United States:
*lighting and mechanical uses of electricity
-Thomas Edison
*telephone service
-Alexander Graham Bell
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
34. Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced interaction and often conflict between different cultural groups.
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
35. Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced problems in urban areas.
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
36. Inventions had both POSITIVE and NEGATIVE effects on society.
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
37. Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements.
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
38. Efforts to solve immigration problems included:
*Settlement houses such as Hull House, founded by Jane Addams
*Political machines (politicians) that gained power by attending to the needs of new immigrants
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
39. Challenges faced by cities:
*Overcrowded and run-down neighborhoods called tenements and ghettos
*Political corruption by political machines
USII.4b: ImmigrationUSII.4b: Immigration
40. Continued
Interaction and conflict between different cultural groups:
*Discrimination against immigrants:
-Chinese
-Irish
USII.4c: Jim CrowUSII.4c: Jim Crow
41. Discrimination against African Americans continued after
Reconstruction.
42. Racial segregation is:
*based upon race
*directed primarily against African Americans, but other groups were also kept segregated
USII.4c: Jim CrowUSII.4c: Jim Crow
43. “Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans. Although these laws were legal in many communities and states, they were enforced primarily in the Southeast region.
USII.4c: Jim CrowUSII.4c: Jim Crow
44. “Jim Crow” laws were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government.
USII.4c: Jim CrowUSII.4c: Jim Crow
45. African American responses included:
*Booker T. Washington-believed equality could be achieved
through vocational education; accepted social separation
*W.E.B. Du Bois-believed in full political, civil, and social
rights for African Americans
USII.4d: Big BusinessUSII.4d: Big Business
46. Between the Civil War and WWI, the United states was transformed from an agricultural nation to an industrial nation.
USII.4d: Big BusinessUSII.4d: Big Business 47. The 4 Reasons for the Rise and Prosperity of
Big Business:
*National markets created by transportation advances
*Captains of Industry:
John D. Rockefeller, Oil
Andrew Carnegie, Steel
Henry Ford, Automobile
Cornelius Vanderbilt, Shipping & Railroads*Advertising
*Lower-cost production
USII.4d: Big BusinessUSII.4d: Big Business
48. The 4 factors resulting in the growth of industry:
*Access to raw materials and energy*Availability of the work force due to immigration
*Inventions
*Financial resources provided by the
captains of industry
USII.4d: Big BusinessUSII.4d: Big Business
49. Examples of Big Business:
*Railroads
*Oil
*Steel
USII.4d: Big BusinessUSII.4d: Big Business50. Industrialization and the rise in big business influenced life on American farms by:
*Mechanization (the reaper) which reduced farm labor needs and increased production
*Industrial development in cities created increased labor needs
*Industrialization provided access to consumer goods, such as mail order
Now, check your map:Now, check your map:
Can you name the region for Can you name the region for each significant city shown?each significant city shown?
Study and do yourStudy and do your
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