U.S. History After the Civil War. Reconstruction

U.S. History After the Civil U.S. History After the Civil WarWar

ReconstructiReconstructionon

State of the SouthState of the South

Widespread Widespread destructiondestruction

Worthless Worthless Confederate Confederate moneymoney

Transportation Transportation system destroyedsystem destroyed

State of the SouthState of the South

Lincoln’s Ten Percent PlanLincoln’s Ten Percent Plan

Wanted to Wanted to welcome South welcome South back to the Unionback to the Union

No punishment No punishment for treasonfor treason

Offered amnesty Offered amnesty (pardon)(pardon)

Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson

President after President after Lincoln’s Lincoln’s assassinationassassination

Each state needed Each state needed to revoke to revoke secession, ratify or secession, ratify or adopt the 13adopt the 13thth amendmentamendment

Freedmen’s BureauFreedmen’s Bureau

Find food and Find food and shelter for shelter for freed slavesfreed slaves

Find jobsFind jobs

EducationEducation

SharecroppingSharecropping

New system for New system for agricultureagriculture

Tenant farmers Tenant farmers paid rent in a paid rent in a share of their share of their cropscrops

Military Reconstruction ActMilitary Reconstruction Act

Divided the Divided the South into South into five military five military districtsdistricts

Union Union general was general was in charge of in charge of each districteach district

Fourteenth AmendmentFourteenth Amendment

June 1866June 1866

Granted Granted citizenship to all citizenship to all persons born or persons born or naturalized in the naturalized in the United StatesUnited States

Fifteenth AmendmentFifteenth Amendment

March 1870March 1870

Right to vote Right to vote cannot be denied cannot be denied “on account of “on account of race, color, or race, color, or previous previous condition of condition of servitude”servitude”

Miners and Ranchers in the Miners and Ranchers in the WestWest

Comstock LodeComstock Lode

Pure silver ore Pure silver ore discovered by discovered by Henry Comstock Henry Comstock in Six-Mile in Six-Mile Canyon, NevadaCanyon, Nevada

Thousands of Thousands of miners arrived in miners arrived in Virginia City, Virginia City, NevadaNevada

Settlement of the Settlement of the PlainsPlains

Homestead Act – Homestead Act – tracts of public tracts of public lands available lands available for settlementfor settlement

Great Plains HomesteadGreat Plains Homestead

Native AmericansNative Americans

Sand Creek MassacreSand Creek Massacre

Nov. 1864Nov. 1864

Chief Black Kettle Chief Black Kettle brought Cheyenne brought Cheyenne to negotiate peace to negotiate peace at Fort Lyonat Fort Lyon

American troops American troops attacked their attacked their villagevillage

Indian Peace CommissionIndian Peace Commission

Tried to Tried to establish large establish large Indian Indian reservations on reservations on the Plainsthe Plains

Pressured Pressured leaders to sign leaders to sign treaties treaties

Loss of BuffaloLoss of Buffalo

Native Native Americans Americans depended on depended on the buffalo the buffalo for lifefor life

By 1889, few By 1889, few buffalo were buffalo were leftleft

Battle of the Little BighornBattle of the Little Bighorn

June 25, 1876June 25, 1876

George A. Custer George A. Custer attacked a large attacked a large force of Lakota force of Lakota and Cheyenneand Cheyenne

All of Custer’s All of Custer’s forces deadforces dead

The Rise of IndustryThe Rise of Industry

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

WaterWater LumberLumber CoalCoal IronIron CopperCopper TimberTimber

Free EnterpriseFree Enterprise

Let supply and Let supply and demand control demand control prices and wagesprices and wages

Laissez faire = Laissez faire = belief that belief that government government should not should not interfere in the interfere in the economyeconomy

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

TelephoneTelephone

Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison

PhonographPhonograph LightbulbLightbulb Electric generatorElectric generator BatteryBattery DictaphoneDictaphone Motion pictureMotion picture

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

The Pacific The Pacific Railway Act of Railway Act of 1862 gave 1862 gave money and money and land for land for building the building the railroadrailroad

Link East and Link East and WestWest

Railroad System, 1870-1890Railroad System, 1870-1890

American Federation of American Federation of LaborLabor

Organized 20 Organized 20 trade unionstrade unions

Led by Samuel Led by Samuel GompersGompers

Stand for fewer Stand for fewer hours, higher hours, higher wageswages

The The Imperialist Imperialist

VisionVision

Reasons for ImperialismReasons for Imperialism

Need for foreign Need for foreign productsproducts

Need for places Need for places to investto invest

Need for raw Need for raw materials (oil, materials (oil, rubber, tin, etc.)rubber, tin, etc.)

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War

President William McKinleyPresident William McKinley

Became Became president in 1897president in 1897

Sent the Sent the battleship Maine battleship Maine to Havana harborto Havana harbor

The MaineThe Maine

Feb. 15, 1898Feb. 15, 1898

The ship exploded The ship exploded in the harbor, in the harbor, killing 266 sailorskilling 266 sailors

No one knew the No one knew the source of the source of the explosionexplosion

Rough RidersRough Riders

Volunteer Volunteer cavalry unitcavalry unit

Included Included Theodore Theodore RooseveltRoosevelt

Assisted in Assisted in capturing San capturing San Juan HillJuan Hill

U.S. ControlU.S. Control

New American DiplomacyNew American Diplomacy

President RooseveltPresident Roosevelt

42 years old42 years old

Youngest person Youngest person ever to become ever to become presidentpresident

Reform mindedReform minded

Roosevelt’s Caribbean Roosevelt’s Caribbean PolicyPolicy

““Speak softly Speak softly and carry a and carry a big stick.”big stick.”

Displaying Displaying American American power would power would promote promote peace in the peace in the worldworld

Panama CanalPanama Canal

The Roots of ProgressivismThe Roots of Progressivism

ProgressivismProgressivism

Believed Believed industrialism and industrialism and urbanization had urbanization had created social created social problemsproblems

Social ProblemsSocial Problems

CrimeCrime IlliteracyIlliteracy Alcohol abuseAlcohol abuse Child LaborChild Labor Health and safety Health and safety

issuesissues

Coal Mine “Breaker Boys”Coal Mine “Breaker Boys”

Suffrage MovementSuffrage Movement

Suffrage = right Suffrage = right to voteto vote

By 1900 – only By 1900 – only Wyoming, Idaho, Wyoming, Idaho, Utah and Utah and Colorado had Colorado had granted women granted women voting rightsvoting rights

Nineteenth AmendmentNineteenth Amendment

Ratified in Ratified in 19201920

Gave Gave women the women the right to voteright to vote

1905 Niagara Falls Meeting1905 Niagara Falls Meeting

W.E.B. DuBois and W.E.B. DuBois and other African other African American leaders American leaders met to discuss met to discuss political rightspolitical rights

Led to the founding Led to the founding of the National of the National Association for the Association for the Advancement of Advancement of Colored PeopleColored People

The U.S. and World War IThe U.S. and World War I

The AssassinationThe Assassination

June 1914June 1914

Archduke Franz Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary and his wife killed and his wife killed while visiting while visiting SarajevoSarajevo

Beginning Beginning of World of World

War IWar I

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response

Wilson tried to Wilson tried to keep the U.S. keep the U.S. neutralneutral

LusitaniaLusitania May 7, 1915 – May 7, 1915 –

British passenger British passenger linerliner

Sunk by the Sunk by the GermansGermans

1200 passengers, 1200 passengers, 128 Americans 128 Americans killedkilled

Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram

January 1917 January 1917

In a telegram, In a telegram, Germany proposed Germany proposed that if Mexico that if Mexico became an ally, became an ally, Germany would help Germany would help the country regain the country regain lost territory in New lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico, Texas, and ArizonaArizona

U.S. Declares WarU.S. Declares War

April 2, 1917April 2, 1917

President President Wilson asked Wilson asked Congress for Congress for a special a special declaration of declaration of warwar

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

DoughboysDoughboys

Nickname for Nickname for American American soldierssoldiers

Allies Allies desperately desperately needed fresh needed fresh troopstroops

American TroopsAmerican Troops

Aided the French Aided the French in stopping in stopping German attackGerman attack

Began to push Began to push Germans backGermans back

Wilson’s Plan for PeaceWilson’s Plan for Peace

Peace conference Peace conference meets in 1919meets in 1919

Wilson offers his Wilson offers his Fourteen Points Fourteen Points planplan

Proposed the Proposed the League of NationsLeague of Nations

ProhibitionProhibition

January 1920January 1920

1818thth amendment – amendment – prohibition of prohibition of alcoholalcohol

Enforced by the Enforced by the Treasury Treasury DepartmentDepartment

2121stst Amendment Amendment

19331933

Repealed the Repealed the 1818thth Amendment Amendment

Causes of the DepressionCauses of the Depression

Margin BuyingMargin Buying

Many investors Many investors used loans to used loans to purchase stock purchase stock with small down with small down paymentspayments

The Great CrashThe Great Crash

Prices on the Prices on the stock market stock market began to slipbegan to slip

Professional Professional investors sold off investors sold off holdingsholdings

October 1929October 1929

U.S. BankingU.S. Banking

Deposits not Deposits not insuredinsured

People ran on People ran on banks to withdraw banks to withdraw savingssavings

3000 banks 3000 banks closedclosed

The Depression WorsensThe Depression Worsens

By 1933 – 9000 By 1933 – 9000 bank failuresbank failures

12 million 12 million workers workers unemployed (1/4 unemployed (1/4 of the workforce)of the workforce)

Sharp drop in Sharp drop in family incomefamily income

Bread LinesBread Lines

Soup KitchensSoup Kitchens

HoovervillesHoovervilles

Dust BowlDust Bowl

Drought in the Drought in the Great Plains Great Plains beginning in 1932beginning in 1932

Ruined farmersRuined farmers

Dry soil became Dry soil became dust stormsdust storms

Dust Dust BowlBowl

The New DealThe New Deal

Roosevelt’s Roosevelt’s policies for policies for ending the ending the DepressionDepression

Securities and Exchange Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Commission (SEC)

Regulate the Regulate the stock marketstock market

Prevent fraudPrevent fraud

Federal Deposit Insurance Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)Corporation (FDIC)

Government Government insurance for insurance for bank deposits up bank deposits up to a certain to a certain amountamount

Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation Corps

Offered Offered unemployed unemployed young men 18 to young men 18 to 25 years old 25 years old conservation jobsconservation jobs

Worked under Worked under the national the national forestry serviceforestry service

Works Progress Administration Works Progress Administration (WPA)(WPA)

Variety of job Variety of job opportunitiesopportunities

Construction, Construction, artists, artists, musicians, musicians, professionalsprofessionals

Social Security Social Security ActAct Monthly Monthly

retirement retirement benefit for benefit for workers over 65workers over 65

Unemployment Unemployment insuranceinsurance

Payment to Payment to workers with workers with disabilitiesdisabilities

World War II BeginsWorld War II Begins

Hitler as Hitler as LeaderLeader Leader of Nazi Leader of Nazi

Party in Party in GermanyGermany

Took the title Took the title of of FuhrerFuhrer or or LeaderLeader

Axis PowersAxis Powers

Germany, Italy, Germany, Italy, and Japan signed and Japan signed pacts of pacts of cooperationcooperation

AppeasementAppeasement

Supporters of Supporters of appeasement appeasement believed Hitler believed Hitler had a few had a few limited demandslimited demands

Avoid war and Avoid war and give Hitler what give Hitler what he wantedhe wanted

German German ControlControl

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

HolocaustHolocaust

Nazis killed Nazis killed 6 million 6 million European European JewsJews

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Japan made a Japan made a surprise attack on surprise attack on Dec. 7, 1941Dec. 7, 1941

Sank or damaged Sank or damaged 21 ships of the 21 ships of the U.S. Pacific fleet, U.S. Pacific fleet, killed 2403 killed 2403 AmericansAmericans

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway

Turning point Turning point in the war with in the war with the Japanesethe Japanese

The U.S. had The U.S. had stopped the stopped the Japanese Japanese advance in the advance in the PacificPacific

D-DayD-Day

June 6, 1944June 6, 1944

Allied forces led by Allied forces led by Dwight D. Dwight D. Eisenhower landed Eisenhower landed at Normandy, at Normandy, FranceFrance

Within 3 months, the Within 3 months, the Allies landed 2 Allies landed 2 million menmillion men

D-DayD-Day

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project

Roosevelt set up Roosevelt set up a program for a program for building an building an atomic bombatomic bomb

HiroshimaHiroshima

August 6, 1945August 6, 1945

B-29 bomber B-29 bomber named the Enola named the Enola Gay dropped the Gay dropped the first atomic first atomic bomb on bomb on HiroshimaHiroshima

HiroshimaHiroshima

United NationsUnited Nations

First meeting on First meeting on April 25, 1945April 25, 1945

Responsible for Responsible for international peace international peace and securityand security