Vehicle Track

8/2/2019 Vehicle Track

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Research Needs

Vehicle TrackPrepared for:

AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

Donna C. Nelson, Ph.D.

Transportation Perspectives, Inc

dcnelson@t-perspectives.com


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Donna Nelsondcnelson@t-perspectives.com

Scope &Focus of Vehicle Track

Vehicle Track Scope Vehicle performance and design

In-vehicle technologies

Vehicle-related regulatory and policy research

?? Focus

Focus is on long-term research needs 5 to 10 years out.

Discussion of basic research at discretion of participants

Workshop Tracks Human Factors

Vehicles

Highway/Infrastructure


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Whitepaper Objectives

Identify future research needs related to vehicle safety.

Provide an overview of current and planned research related tovehicle safety

Set out a preliminary or strawman list of future research needsand gaps.

Paper developed to stimulate discussion, complete reviewand synthesis not intended.


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Where will we be in five years?

Changes in vehicle fleet

Introduction & market penetration of advanced vehicletechnologies

Alternative fuel vehicles

Fuel efficiency

Results from current round of DOT initiatives

Large-scale field tests of VII underway

Changes in US population demographics


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Literature Review

Existing USDOT Research and Program Plans withvehicle-safety elements.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

New USDOT Initiatives and Exploratory Initiatives.

Emerging vehicle technologies and systems

Other materials and documents identifying emergingand future safety-related research gaps and needs,and discussions with vehicle-safety experts.

Focused on:


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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Priority Areas (2001-2004) Increasing safety belt use, reducing impaired driving, addressing

vehicle rollovers and vehicle crash incompatibility, improving data

systems.

Safety Rulemaking and Research Priorities

Near term (2005-2006) regulatory priorities Rollovers, large truck tires, side impact protection, tire pressure

monitoring systems, event data recorders, & performance of childrestraint systems (CRS) for larger children.

Longer term (2007-2009) potential actions Research on tire bead unseating and tire strength, rulemaking on truck

trailer antilock brake (ABS) performance.


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Federal Motor Carrier Safety Admin.

(FMCSA) Office of Research Federal Motor CarrierSafety Administration and Technology Plan

Reduce commercial motor vehicle-related crashes,

fatalities, injuries, and losses, and enhance operationalefficiency.

Improve truck and motorcoach performance throughvehicle-based safety technologies.

Safety focus areas address safety belt use, tires,

conspicuity, car/truck compatibility, and the impact of newtechnologies.


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Vehicle Infrastructure Cooperation

Communication between individual vehicles, andbetween vehicles and the infrastructure enablesapplications which:

Improve safety, operations and maintenance.

Support the needs of the vehicle manufacturers and otherprivate interests.

Safety applications include Active safety warning system applications,

Crash and incident response applications,

Advance warnings of hazards, and

Data collection to improve traffic and roadway safety

Maintenance applications with safety implications.


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US DOT ITS Initiatives

Integrated Vehicle-based Safety Systems

Integrated solutions that address rear-end, run-off-road,and lane change crashes.

Communication of an integrated warning to the driver, Objective tests and criteria for performance of systems;

Field test of integrated vehicle-based safety systems

Lane deviation systemsLane keeping assistance


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US DOT ITS Initiatives

Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems

Develop and demonstrate cooperative intersectioncollision avoidance systems for both violations and gaps;

Assess the value and acceptance of CICA systems;

Develop tools to support industry deployments; and

Support research, systems integration activities

Produce a system prototype and a large-scale fieldoperational test by 2009.

Formal work plan under development


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USDOT Exploratory Initiatives

Exploratory short-duration initiatives underway Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) for Mobility,

Vehicle Assist and Automation Systems,

ITS Technologies to Reduce Pedestrian Injuries and Fatalities

Teen Driving Electronic Report Card, and

Wireless Truck and Bus Inspection.

Evaluated within a year of start-up, continued as "TierOne" initiatives or will be discontinued.


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USDOT Exploratory Initiatives Vehicle Assist & Automation Systems for Transit

Operations

Address safety in difficult operating conditions, such as main-tenance yards, narrow lanes or bus-only shoulders on freeways.

Builds on research and development of collision warningsystems, integrated warning systems and lane-assist systems.

Teen Driving Electronic Report card Develop and evaluate the usability, effectiveness and

acceptability of a vehicle-based Teen Driving ElectronicReport Card.

Vehicle-based technologies integrated into a device that canoperate in real time to sense, record, evaluate and providefeedback on driving practices.


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Preliminary list

Research needs topic areas for discussion in

breakout group


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Vehicle Compatibility & Crash Worthiness

Vehicle partner-protection

Vehicle self-protection

Vehicle-to-vehicle compatibility

Vehicle aggressivity

Heavy vehicle under-runs

Develop vehicle designsthat better protect their ownoccupants and cause less

harm to occupants of thestruck vehicle.


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http://world.honda.com/factbook/auto/motorshow/200310/10.html

Reducing pedestrian injuries


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Restraints & Injury Prevention

Advanced/smart restraint systems

Seatbelt reminders/safety belt interlocks

Adjustable restraint systems (upper anchorages)

Roll-over Sensors to deploy air bags in a rollover crash.

Improve roof crush protection and interior padding for occupants.

Reduction of occupant ejectionthrough doors and windows

Improvements to head

restraints, airbags


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Crash/Safety Data

Crash dummies

Event data recorders

Commercial vehicle safetydata

Vehicle condition monitoring ???


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Pre-crash safety systems

http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/tech/its/program/function/pre_clash.html


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Vehicle lighting, visibility and glare

Advanced lighting systems

Adaptive lighting

New lighting technology

Vision enhancement systems

Blindspot camera systems


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Vehicle handling and performance

Improved Light Vehicle Braking Stopping distance disparities between passenger cars and

LTVs.

Electronic Braking Systems (EBS) and electro-hydraulicsystems as possible replacements for the hydraulic brake

systems now in use. Electronic brake proportioning, brake assist, regenerative

brake systems (RBS), and EBS and electro-hydraulicsystems.


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Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Crash-testing of AFV

Post-crash incident response issues

Refueling and fuels storage

Vehicle compatibility

Ensuring that hydrogen ICE andfuel cell powered vehicles providea level of safety comparable to thatof other vehicles currently in use in

the United States.
http://www.hydrogenus.com/media/images/transportation/cars/GM_hydrogen3.jpghttp://www.hydrogenus.com/media/images/transportation/details/hydrogen_fueling.jpg


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Motorcoaches

Emergency evacuation

Evacuation plans

Push-out windows/exits

Window glazing

Improved braking Rollover stability control

Occupant protection

roof crush improvements

advanced restraint systems.


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Schoolbus Safety

Current NHTSA research focused on side impactprotection.

Topics under consideration include: increasing seat back height; requiring lap/shoulder

restraints on smaller buses and test procedures forvoluntarily installed lap/shoulder belts.

??


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Older Drivers and Occupants

Older drivers

Use of advanced in-vehicle technologies to help older driversmeet their driving needs.

Safely maintain mobility of aging populations.

Research to evaluate in-vehicle safety technology to improvesafety for older drivers

Older Occupants

Older occupants' vulnerability to injury

Adequacy of current vehicle interiors and safety devices forprotecting older occupants.

Development of age dependent injury criteria


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Accessible motor vehicles

Functionality and injury potentialfrom installed equipment andvehicle modifications.

Potential for new in-vehicletechnologies

Provide vehicle safety withouthindering access to personaltransportation, includingallowing persons withdisabilities to drive.


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Heavy-vehicle performance

Vehicle stability

Vehicle conspicuity

Heavy vehicle tires

Vehicle under-runs

http://www.bsmotoring.com/2004/may22_1.htm

Braking systems

Tire pressure monitoring

Re-tread tire performance
http://www.bsmotoring.com/2004/images/may22_18.jpg


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Heavy Vehicles

Concept of re-designed commercial vehicle with safetyin mind.

Extension of VII program to heavy vehicles Commercial vehicle safety screenings/wireless inspections Vehicle parts tracking and maintenance/replacement

programs. Integrated vehicle diagnostics


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Personal Conveyances

http://www.electric-scooters-info.com/

Increasing popularity of personal conveyances

Low speed vehicles

Hybrid, power-assisted vehicles

Standup scooters, pocket bikes

Evolving designs

Intended/appropriate uses

Safety requirements


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In-vehicle systems

Emerging technologies

In-vehicle safety systems

Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration (VII)

Cooperative collision avoidance systems

Advanced sensor technologies

Advanced vehicle control

Visibility enhancement


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VII Safety Use Cases

Turn Conflict Warning Advance Warning Information to Vehicles

Commercial Vehicle Safety Data Commercial Vehicle Electronic Clearance Just-in-Time Repair Notification

Emergency Electronic Brake Lights Visibility Enhancer Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation System Pre-Crash Sensing Glare Reduction and Adaptive Headlight Aiming Adaptive Drivetrain Management

Cooperative Forward Collision Warning Blind Spot Warning and Blind Merge Warning Highway Merge Assistant and lane change warning Cooperative Collision Warning Safety Event Recorder Speed Limit Assistant

From: VII Architecture and Functional Requirements


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VII-related issues

Shared use of VII infrastructure and systems by safety andnon-safety applications

Security and use of data produced by vehicles

System vulnerability to hackers

Definition of new safety applications enabled by VIIapplications

Opportunities and challenges presented by VII


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Workshop Challenges

Current programs provide a context.

We need to speculate

Likely safety issues and concerns five years out.

Continuation/evolution of on-going program/topic areas New/emerging opportunities and challenges


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Contact Information

Donna Nelson

dcnelson@t-perspectives.com

301-977-8963

www.t-perspectives.com (under construction)
mailto:dcnelson@t-perspectives.comhttp://www.t-perspectives.com/http://www.t-perspectives.com/http://www.t-perspectives.com/http://www.t-perspectives.com/mailto:dcnelson@t-perspectives.commailto:dcnelson@t-perspectives.commailto:dcnelson@t-perspectives.com

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