Visual Dictionary - Mortar

Visual Dictionary

By: Mortar

Air Barrier Paper

• The objective of the Air Barrier Paper is to prevent air infiltration and act as a water barrier.

• This is preventing water from rotting the wood sheathing on the wall.

Attic Ventilation

• Soffit Vent – An opening under the eave of a roof, used to allow air flow into the attic

Attic Ventilation (cont.)

• Ridge Vent – A long open assembly that allows air to circulate in and out of a roof at the ridge

Attic Ventilation (cont.)

• Gable Vent – An opening in a gable, used for exhausting excess heat and humidity from an attic.

Attic Ventilation (cont.)

• Roof Turbine – a ventilation system that acts as a fan, circulating air through the attic

Back Hoe

• An excavator that consist of a bucket attached to a hinged arm on the back of the machine.

This is used to move earth,Rubble, or other material;Especially where more precise digging is required

This bucket was 18’’ wide

Batter Boards

• Temporary wooden frames built outside the corners of an excavation, to outline the excavation to take place.

Brick Arches

Parabolic Arch

Roman Arch

Brick Arches (cont.)

Arch with Keystone

Centering - Temporary formwork used for laying brick arches

Brick BondsStretcher bond – bricks are laid in overlapping rows of stretchers.

Flemish Bond – the courses alternate between headers and stretchers

Brick Bonds (cont)

• Header

• Soldier

Brick Bonds (cont.)

Rowlocks

Shiners

Brick Bonds (cont.)

Sailors

Brick Sizes

Queen Size Brick3 x 2 ¾ x 8

Modular Brick3 ½ x 2 ¼ x 7 ½

Bulldozer

• A large, powerful tractor with a large vertical blade used for moving amounts of earth as well as tree stumps, rocks, etc.

CladdingBrick Cladding

EIFS Cladding

Stone CladdingCoursed Rubble

Cladding (cont.)

Wood Boards

Wood Shingles are cut with a saw rather than split like wood shakes are

Wood Shakes

Code Requirements• IBC requires there to be a maximum

sill height of 44 inches, and a minimum net opening size of 5.7 sq feet, or 5.0 sq feet if the opening is not more than 44 inches above or below the finish grade. Not less than 20’’ wide and 24’’ high.

• Actual: Sill Height – 20 inches

Width – 41 inchesHeight – 59 inchesNet opening size – 7.8 ft²

• Yes this window meets the egress codes

Code Requirements (cont.)

• The IBC requires that there is a minimum 10 inch tread depth and maximum 7-3/4 inch, minimum 4 inch riser.

• Actual Tread Depth – 12 inchesRiser – 7 inches

• Yes these meet the IBC codes for stairs

Concrete Joints• Control Joint – A pre-weakened

line carved in the concrete, so that when the concrete expands and compresses, it will not crack.

Isolation Joint – A joint between a concrete slab and another stationary item, to allow for the concrete’s expansion and contraction.

Sidewalk Isolated from CMU wall Cracked control

joint

Concrete Masonry Units (CMU)

• A block of hardened concrete designed to be laid in the same manner as brick or stone

• Can be made with or without holes.

• Typically 8” high and 16” long.

4’’ CMU

16’’ CMU

Decorative CMUSplit Block

DoorsFlush Door

6 Panel Door

Top Rail

Panel

Stile

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Doors (cont.)

Transom – A small window directly above a door

Sidelight - A narrow window directly on the side of a door

Electrical Components

Power pole with transformer box -Used to bring power to a building or house and to reduce current to a usable voltage for service head

Service Head – Used to bring power into a building

Electrical Components (cont.)

Meter - Used by the power company to obtain a readout of the amount of electricity used

Electrical Components (cont.)

Service Panel - Contains breakers that regulate safe current flow and distribute power to receptacles and duplexes in the house

Duplex Receptacle - Used to plug electrical appliances into current source

Framing Elements

• 1) Anchor Bolt

• 2) Sill Plate

Framing Elements (cont.)

3) Floor Joist

Framing Elements (cont.)

4) Subflooring

Framing Elements (cont.)

5) Sole Plate

6) Stud7) Top Plate8) Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements (cont.)

9) Rafter

10) Roof Decking

11) Sheathing

Framing Elements (cont.)

12) Stringer

Front End Loader

• Excavators that are used mainly for uploading materials into trucks, laying pipes, clearing rubble, and digging

• It cannot dig very low like a backhoe can, and cannot push with as much force as a bulldozer.

Gypsum Board

• Gypsum Board is a wall finish, in a board form made out of 2 sheets of paper filled with gypsum. It is then nailed to studs in a building to give the wall a finished look.

Heat Pump

• Compressor/Evaporator – Moves hot or cold air from outside and moves it inside

• Air Handling Unit - Internal unit that further moves and continues to heat or cool the air

• Advantages: It can both heat and cool interior spaces very effectively

• Disadvantages: Relatively noisy compared to other heating/cooling systems. Also, it is rather difficult to zone.

Compressor/ Evaporator

Air Handling Unit

Insulation

• Insulation lowers the heating and cooling costs of the house by limiting heat transfer through the walls and ceiling.

Loose Fill Insulation

Batt Insulation

Insulation (cont.)

Rigid Board Insulation

Foam Insulation

Lintel

• A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.

• Steel Angle Lintel

Mortar

Concave Joint Tooled½ inchUsed on SchoolType S Mortar

Flush JointTooled3/8 inchUsed on stairsType S Mortar

Oriented Strand Board

• This is a non-veneered panel product made from strands of wood arranged in specific orientations.

• The strands are compressed and glued into 3-5 layers.

Plumbing

Lavatory1.5 Inch Pipe

Water Closet3 Inch Pipe

Plumbing (cont)

• Bathtub without gypsum Installed

Plumbing (cont.)

• When air travels down a pipe, it displaces air. Air vents allow this air somewhere to relocate to

Plumbing Vent

Plumbing (cont.)

• This is a picture of a Drop-In Sink

Plywood• Plywood is a type of engineered board Made from thin sheets of wood or veneers

glued together.• Veneer – thin slices of wood usually thinner than 3mm

Radiant Barrier• Radiant Barrier- reflective barriers

inhibit heat transfer by thermal radiation. Thermal energy may also be transferred via conduction or convection, however, radiant barriers do not necessarily protect against heat transfer via conduction or convection.

Rebar

• ½ inch #4 rebar

• The grooves are formed to create friction between the bar and the concrete it is installed in. This increases the overall strength of the concrete

Steep Roof Drainage

• A gutter is a narrow channel, or trough, forming the component of a roof system which collects and diverts rainwater shed by the roof.

Steep Roof Drainage (cont.)

• A downspout takes the water from the gutter to the ground, running it away from the building

Steep Roof Drainage (cont.)

• A splashblock is a concrete structure that directs water from a downspout away from the building

Steep Roof Materials

• Underlayment provides a second layer of protection for the roofing. It is installed first and helps with the shingles to keep moisture out. It is necessary for roofing manufacturers’ warranties.

Steep Roof Materials (cont.)

Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials (cont.)

• A shingle is a roof covering that consists of individual overlapping elements that are normally flat rectangular shapes that are laid in rows without the side edges overlapping. A single layer is used to ensure a water-resistant result. Shingles are laid from the bottom to the top.

Metal Panel Roof – usually made from galvanized steel or aluminum

Steep Roof Materials (cont.)

Wood Shake Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable

Mansard

Steep Roof Shapes (cont.)

Hip RoofGambrel Roof

Steep Roof Terms

• Ridge – the point at the top of the roof where the sides meet

• Valley – part of an area that protrudes from a portion of the structure that directs rain downwards

Steep Roof Terms (cont.)

• Eave – the trim of the sloping roof

• Rake – the front portion of a gabled roof

Steep Roof Terms (cont.)

• Fascia – the area above the soffit that faces the viewer

• Soffit – area underneath the fascia

Steep Roof Terms

• A building without a fascia lacks the area above the soffit that faces a viewer

Stone

Random Rubble

Coursed Rubble

Stone (cont)

Random Ashlar

Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

• A vapor retarder can be specially treated paper, thin plastic sheeting, or low permeance paint that prevents condensation of water vapor inside wall or ceiling materials. The trapped moisture has the potential of damaging the wallboard and paint as well as total structural deterioration.

• The vapor retarder is most commonly put in southeastern climates warm in winter side.

Waterproofing

Weep Hole

• A hole in the mortar joints of a brick wall that allows any water that gets behind the masonry a place to escape between the bricks or stone, keeping moisture from staying behind the masonry

Welded Wire Fabric

• This is a 6”x6” grid pattern

Windows

This is a casement window because it has a sash that rotates outward on its side from the exterior casing

This is a single hung window because it has a bottom sash that can slide up and down, but a top sash that remains stationary

Windows (cont.)

• This is a double hung window because it has two sashes that move parallel to each other