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vkfnoklh dk"B f’kYi dk dykRed v/;;u
lUnHkZ tutkrh; laxzgky; ¼Hkksiky½
n;kyckx++ ,tqds’kuy baLVhV~;wV ¼MhEM ;wfuoflZVh½ vkxjk ls fp=dyk esa ih&,pñMhñ dh mikf/k gsrq
izLrqr 'kks/k&izca/k dh :ijs[kk
2014
Lkadk; çeq[k dh laLrqfr gsrq 'kks/k funsZ’kd
izkså jkfxuh jkW;] izkså vf’ouh dqekj 'kekZ]
v/;{k Mªkbax ,.M isafUVx foHkkx] Mªkbax ,.M iasfUVx foHkkx]
dyk ladk;] dyk ladk;]
MhåbZåvkbZå MhEM ;wfuoflZVh MhåbZåvkbZå MhEM ;wfuoflZVh
n;kyckx+] vkxjk n;kyckx+] vkxjk
'kks/k Nk=k
uhrw ;kno Mªkbax ,.M iasfUVx foHkkx
dyk ladk;]
MhåbZåvkbZå MhEM ;wfuoflZVh
n;kyckx+] vkxjk
vkfnoklh dk"B f’kYi dk dykRed v/;;u lUnHkZ tutkrh; laxzgky; ¼Hkksiky] eñizñ½
fo"k; lwph %&
'kks/k ladYiuk
lkfgfR;d iqujkoyksdu
ifjdYiuk
mÌs’;
pj
dk;Z iz.kkyh %&
1&vuqla/kku vfHkdYi
2&iznÙk ladyu
v&izkFkfed
c&f}rh;d
3&izfrn’kZ
4&lk{kkRdkj
5&iznÙk ladyu dh izfØ;k
6&lhek
fu"d"kZ
1
'kks/k ladYiuk %&
fo|k vkSj dyk ds fo"k; esa ß'kqØkpk;ZÞ us cgqr gh Li"V fy[kk gS] fd fo|k vuUr gS]
dykvksa dh rks fxurh gh ugha dh tk ldrhA fQj Hkh lkekU; :i ls ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd
fo|k,¡ cÙkhl vkSj dyk,¡ pkSalB gSA vkxs pydj mUgksaus dgk gS fd ok.kh ds ek/;e ls tks O;Dr gks
og fo|k gS] vkSj xw¡xk Hkh ftls O;Dr dj lds og dyk] f’kYi] uR;] fp= vkfn dyk,¡ gSa] D;ksafd
;s fcuk ok.kh ds ewd Hkk"kk ls O;Dr dh tk ldrh gSA
vkfn dky ls ekuo vius vkUrfjd o cká lkSUn;Z dks dyk o f’kYi ds ek/;e ls Hkkoksa dks
O;Dr djrk vk;k gSA ekuo fufeZr f’kYikÑfr;k¡ dsoy lkSUn;Z dks gh vfHkO;Dr ugha djrh cfYd
euq"; dh lewph dyk vkSj laLÑfr dh laokgd gSA
xqgk ls fudy dj tc euq"; >ksiM+h cukdj jgus yxk rc ls fHkRrh vkSj dk"B dyk
mn~Hko dh ifjdYiuk dh tk ldrh gSA ydM+h ds ifg;s ds vkfo"dkj ls ekuo ds fodkl dh xfr
vkSj vf/kd c<+h xg fuekZ.k ds lkFk&lkFk fgald i'kqvksa ls cpus ds fy;s dkjxj vkStkjksa dk fuekZ.k
fd;kA flU/kq dkyhu cus Hkouksa esa Hkh ydM+h dk iz;ksx feyrk gSA dk"B fufeZr oLrq 'kh?kz u"V gks
tkus ds dkj.k bldk izek.k izkIr ugha gSA dbZ ikSjkf.kd egkdkO;ksa vkSj iqjk.kksa esa Hkh dk"B dh
egRrk dk mYys[k feyrk gSA
_Xosn ds vuqlkj ^^ydM+h gh ,slh oLrq Fkh^^ ftldh lgk;rk ls loZizFke fo’odekZ ds
}kjk l`f"V dh jpuk dh xbZA^^
fda fLo}ua d m l o`{k vkl ;rks |kok i`fFkoh fu"Vr{kq%A
&_Xosn% eŒ 10@81@4
vFkkZr~ fdl ou dh dkSu&lh ydM+h ls |kok ¼|qyksd½ iFoh cuk;h tk;sA oSfnd dky ls ysdj vk/kqfud dky rd dh dk"B dyk dh izkphurk o mRÑ"Vrk ds
lEcU/k esa ns[kk tk;s rks bldk lk{; gesa] ^egkjk"Vª dh dkysZ xqQk^ ds cM+s pSR;ksa esa ls ,d ds
izos’k }kj dh pkS[kV ij mRdh.kZ f’kYi ls feyrk gS ftlls Hkkjrh; dk"B dyk dh mRÑ"Vrk dk
vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
fo’o ds izkphu Hkouksa vkSj efUnjksa ds LFkkiR; esa iRFkj ds lkFk dk"B dh ewfrZ;ksa vkSj
vyadj.k vkfn dk pje oSHko ns[kk tk ldrk gSA izkphu lH;rkvksa esa ydM+h vkSj iRFkj ds LorU=
vkSj feys&tqys LFkkiR; ds dbZ vo’ks"k feys gSaA ftuesa ydM+h ds Hkou] ewfrZ;k¡] vyadj.k] midj.k
vkfn gSaA ckS) /keZ ds efUnjksa ¼iSxksMk½ dk LFkkiR; iw.kZr;k ydM+h ij fuZHkj gSA dk"B f’kYidyk esa
Hkkjrh; /kkfeZdrk ds fofHkUu feFkdh; :iksa dks mRdh.kZ fd;k tkrk jgk gSA dbZ nsoh&nsorkvksa dh
ewfrZ;k¡ Hkh dk"B ls fufeZr gqbZ gSA
vkfne lewgksa esa fofHkUu vfHkizk;ksa vkSj l`tukRed :ikdkj mdsjus dh izofRr lgt :i esa
ns[kh tk ldrh gSA vkfnoklh f’kYidkj ikjEifjd ltukRedrk ds }kjk lfn;ksa ls dk"B ds fofHkUu
:ikdkjksa dks cukrs] ltkrs] l¡okjrs vk jgs gSaA os vius l`tu ls lekt ds /kkfeZd vuq"Bkfud
lkekftd lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed mRrjnkf;Ro dks c[kwch fuHkkrs vk;s gSaA thou ds fofHkUu voljksa
esa dk"B f’kYi ds fofo/k :i lkeus vk;s gSaA vkfne dk"B dyk dk ,slk gh vn~Hkqr Lo:i eSaus e/; izns’k dh jkt/kkuh Hkksiky dh [kwclwjr igkM+h ';keyk fgYl ij fLFkr tutkrh; laxzgky; esa mdsjh xbZ vuU; ¼buds tSlh vU;= ugha½ dk"B f’kYiksa esa ns[kkA
tutkrh; laxzgky;] Hkksiky dk yksdkiZ.k lekjksg 6 twu 2013 dks Hkkjr ds egkefge
jk"Vªifr Jh iz.ko eq[kthZ ds dj deyksa }kjk lEiUu fd;k x;k] ;g e/; izns’k ds tutkrh;
3
okfl;ksa ds fy;s ,d ,sfrgkfld fnu cu x;kA bl laxzgky; dh LFkkiuk dk eq[; mn~ns’; vkfne
tutkrh; lekt dks lexzrk ls ns[kdj muds dykRed thou nf"V dks vkSj vf/kd utnhd ls
tkuus dh dksf’k’k djuk rFkk blds ek/;e ls e/; izns’k esa jgus okys tutkrh; lewgksa dh dyk]
laLÑfr] ijEijk vkSj thouksi;ksxh f’kYikÑfr;ksa] jgu&lgu rFkk jhfr&fjoktksa dks iznf’kZr djuk
rkfd ;gk¡ vkus okys ftKklw] n’kZd] 'kks/kkFkhZ ,d lkFk iwjs izns’k dh le) vkfnoklh laLÑfr vkSj
dyk ijEijk ls ifjfpr gks ldsA laxzgky; dh ik¡p cM+h fofFkdkvksa esa dyk la;kstu dk dk;Z
ofj"B fp=dkj Jh gj pUnu flag HkV~Vh ds funsZ’ku esa gqvkA
tutkrh; laxzgky; e/; izns’k dh 43 tutkfr;ksa dh dyk ijEijk ij dsfUnzr gSA ftlesa
xkS.M] cSxk] Hkhy] dksjdw] lgfj;k] Hkkfj;k vkSj dksy lkr tutkfr;ksa dh dyk o thou 'kSyh dks
izeq[krk ls mn~?kkfVr fd;k x;k gSA tutkrh; lewg us vius ifjos’k esa miyC/k fofHkUu lalk/kuksa ls
viuh laosnukvksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA tutkrh;ksa esa ihf<+;ksa ls ,d lkSUn;Z cks/k
fodflr jgk gS cfYd ;g dguk loZFkk mi;qDr gksxk fd vkfne le; ls gh bu lewgksa esa lkSUn;Z
laLdkj esa lek x;k gSA blfy;s fdlh oLrq dks ltk;s fcuk dksbZ Hkh vkfnoklh larqf"V ugha ikrsA
viuh tkrh; Lefr :ikdkjksa vkSj vfHkizk;ksa dks vkfnoklh viuh f’kYikÑfr;ksa esa mrkjrk gSA
vuq"Bkuksa esa yxus okyh ewfrZ;ksa rFkk vyadj.kksa dks izR;sd vkfnoklh viuh ijEijk o jhfr&fjoktksa
ds vuqlkj orZeku es a Hkh cukrk vk jgk gSA e/; izns’k dh tutkrh; dyk vR;Ur le) gS] mldh
fofo/krk ns[kdj vk’p;Zpfdr jg tkuk iM+rk gSA
lkfgfR;d iqujkoyksdu %&
vius 'kks/k fo"k; p;u gsrq eSaus fofHkUu LFkkuksa ,oa laxzgky;ksa dk Hkze.k fd;k] ftlds nkSjku
eSaus okjk.klh fLFkr lkjukFk laxzgky; ,oa jke uxj ds fdys dk voyksdu fd;k ijUrq ogk¡ eq>s
vius 'kks/k fo"k; gsrq mi;qDr lkexzh izkIr ugha gqbZ rnksijkUr eSaus vius 'kks/k fo"k; ds p;u gsrq
e/; izns’k dh jkt/kkuh Hkksiky esa fLFkr ^^bfUnjk xk¡/kh jk"Vªh; laxzgky;^^ ,oa jkT; laxzgky; dk voykssdu fd;k] ftlds nkSjku eq>s ^^tutkrh; laxzgky;^^ ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh izkIr gqbZ]
ogk¡a eq>s vkfne tutkfr;ksa }kjk fufeZr fofHkUu izdkj dh f’kYikÑfr;ksa tSls& VsjkdksVk] /kkrq] dk"B
¼ydM+h½ vkfn dk vn~Hkqr laxzg fn[kk] ftlesa ls dk"B f’kYikÑfr;ksa us eq>s vR;f/kd izHkkfor o
vkdf"kZr fd;kA tutkrh; o dk"B f’kYi dyk ls lEcfU/kr vkSj vf/kd tkudkjh izkIr djus gsrq
eSaus ogk¡ ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ls okrkZyki dh o dk"Bf’kYi ls lEcfU/kr vusd iqLrdksa tSls& ^^egsUnz pUnz 'kkfMY; dh dk"B f’kYi^^] ^^izse pUnz fo’odekZ dh dk"B ,oa /kkrq ewfrZdyk^^] ^^J. Swaminathan dh The Perceiving Fingers^^ o ^^dfiy frokjh dh lEink rFkk izfr:i^^ vkfn dk
v/;;u fd;kA ftlds i’pkr~ eSaus vius 'kks/k fo"k; ds :i esa ^^vkfnoklh dk"B f’kYi dk dykRed v/;;u lUnHkZ tutkrh; laxzgky; ¼Hkksiky½^^ dk p;u fd;kA
ifjdYiuk %&
eSaus Hkksiky fLFkr tutkrh; laxzgky; esa iznf’kZr fofHkUu izdkj dh f’kYikÑfr;ksa dks ns[kk
tks eq>s lEiw.kZ tutkrh; thou laLÑfr ds n’kZkrs gSa] ftls ns[kus ds i'pkr~ eq>s tutkrh; dyk
ijEijk dks vkSj vf/kd tkuus dh ftKklk gqbZA blfy;s eSaus vius 'kks/k gsrq bl fo"k; dks pqukA
ftlesa eSa vkfne tutkrh; dk"B f’kYi dk dykRed v/;;u djus ds lkFk&lkFk dk"B f’kYi ls
tqM+s fofHkUu vkfnoklh dykdkjksa ds lk{kkRdkj ds }kjk bl dyk ds ckjs esa vf/kd tkudkjh izkIr
djuk pkgw¡xhA bl dk;Z ls lEcfU/kr vU; LFkkuh; dykdkjksa ls feyw¡xh vkSj tkudkjh izkIr d:¡xhA
mn~ns'; %&
dk"B f’kYi vyadj.k ,oa tutkrh; l aLÑfr dyk ijEijk ij vk/kkfjr dk"B f’kYi ls eSa
vR;f/kd izHkkfor gqbZ] rFkk ; s tkudkjh Hkh izkIr dh fd bu dk"B f’kYikÑfr;ksa ij vHkh rd fdlh
us Hkh 'kks/k dk; Z ugha fd;k gS vkSj eSaus bu dk"B f’kYiksa ij 'kks/k dk;Z djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA ,d
4
dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd fp=dyk o ewfrZdyk vkfn ij cgqr 'kks/k dk;Z gqvk gS ijUrq dk"B f’kYi
misf{kr jgkA dqN u;k djus dh bPNk o blds uohuhdj.k us eq>s bl ij dk;Z djus ds fy;s izsfjr
fd;kA tutkfr;ksa ds lkaLÑfrd ifjos’k esa dk"B f’kYi dyk dk D;k egRo gS\ bls eSa vius 'kks/k
dk;Z ds nkSjku [kkstus dk iz;kl d:¡xhA
pj %&
1& vkfnoklh dykdkj
2& dyk f’k{kd
3& dyk fo|kFkhZ
4& dyk iz’kald ,oa dyk leh{kd
5& lgikBh
6& laxzgky; ds vf/kdkjh
7& dyk laxzgdrkZ
8& iqLrdsa
9& foojf.kdk ¼dSVykWx½
10& bUVjusV
dk;Z iz.kkyh %&
v& vuqla/kku vfHkdYi& esjk 'kks/k dk;Z laxzgky; esa laxzfgr tutkrh; dykdkjksa dh dk"B
f’kYikÑfr;ksa dk n’;kRed dykRed o leh{kkRed v/;;u ij vk/kkfjr gksxkA
c& iznRr ladyu&
izkFkfed & laxzgky; esa laxzfgr ekSfyd f’kYik—fr;k¡ o dykdkjksa ds dk;Z LFky gksaxsA
f}Rkh;d& lk{kkRdkj] ys[k] iqLrdsa] izdkf’kr i=&if=dk,sa] lekpkj i=] csc&lkbV~l]
tjuYl o dk"B f’kYi ds laxzgdrkZ vkfnA
l& izfrn’kZ& esjs }kjk laxzgky; ls yxHkx 100&150 fofHkUu dk"B f’kYik—fr;ksa dk p;u dj
fd;k tk;sxkA ;s dk"B f’kYik—fr;k¡ tutkrh; dyk ijEijk dk izfrfuf/kRo djsxhaA
n& lk{kkRdkj& dykdkjksa] dyk leh{kdksa o dyk fo}kuksa dk lk{kkRdkj A
;& iznRr ladyu dh izfØ;k & esjh iznRr ladyu dh i zfØ;k f’kYik—fr;ksa] ppkZvksa o
foospukvksa ij vk/kkfjr gksxhA
j& lhek& izR;ssd 'kks/k dk;Z dh ,d lhek gksrh gSA ;g 'kks/k LFkkuh; dykdkjksa ,oa dyk leh{kdksa
ds lk{kkRdkj] iqLrdksa] i=&if=dkvksa] tjuYl] laxzgky;] dSVykWx vkfn ij vk/kkfjr gSA
5
vkfnoklh dk"B f’kYi dk dykRed v/;;u lUnHkZ tutkrh; laxzgky; ¼Hkksiky] eñizñ½
'kks/k lajpuk
Hkwfedk %& dk"B f’kYi dyk dk ,sfrgkfld ifjizs{;
v/;k; izFke %& e/; izns’k esa vkfnoklh tutkrh; yksxksa dh ,sfrgkfldrk o laLÑfr
dk v/;;u
v/;k; f}rh; %& vkfnoklh tutkrh; laxzgky; dk ifjp;
2-1& VsjkdksVk
2-2& /kkrq f’kYi
2-3& dk"B f’kYi
2-4& vU;
v/;k; r`rh; %& e/; izns’k esa vkfnoklh tutkrh; laxzgky; ds izeq[k
dk"B dykdkjksa dk tkfrxr vkk/kkj ij O;fDrxr ifjp;
3-1& xkS.M
3-2& Hkhy
3-3& cSxk
3-4& dksjdw
3-5& Hkkfj;k
3-6& dk"B dyk izsj.kk L=ksr
v/;k; prqFkZ %& vkfnoklh tutkrh; laxzgky; esa laxzfgr dk"B f’kYikÑfr;ksa dk
fo"k;oLrq vuqlkj oxhZdj.k
4-1 & /kkfeZd f’kYi
4-2 & ikjEifjd f’kYi
4-3 & lkekftd f’kYi
v/;k; iape %& e/; izns’k esa vkfnoklh tutkrh; laxzgky; esa izeq[k dk"B f’kYi dk
dykRed ,oa leh{kkRed v/;;u
6
5-1 & O;fDrxr dk"B dyk ds vk/kkj ij
5-2 & /kkfeZd o ikSjkf.kd dk"B f’kYi dyk ds vk/kkj ij
5-3 & lkekftd dk"B f’kYi dyk ds vk/kkj ij
v/;k; "k"Be %& vkfnoklh tutkrh; dk"B dykÑfr;ksa dh rduhd o ek/;e dk
v/;;u
v/;k; lIre %& vkfnoklh tutkrh; dk"B dykÑfr;ksa dk vk/kqfud le; esa egRo
o O;olk;hdj.k
milaagkj
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph %&
fp= lwph fgUnh lUnHkZ xzUFk Biblography
'kks/k i=&if=dk,sa lwfpi= ¼dSVykWx½ Oksc&lkbV~l
Ifjf’k"V %&
dykdkjksa ls lk{kkRdkj fofHkUu dyk leh{kdksa ds fopkj rduhd 'kCnksa dk vFkZ
lekpkj i=
dk"B f’kYi dk ,sfrgkfld ifjizs{; euq"; dk dk"B ls vVwV lEcU/k jgk gSA tUe ls eR;q i;ZUr
fofo/k :iksa esa dk"B dk mi;ksx loZfofnr gSA dk"B dh mi;ksfxrk dks le>dj iwoZdky ls orZeku
dky rd bldk mi;ksx fdlh u fdlh :i esa gksrk vk jgk gSA vkfnekuo us viuh vkRe j{kk gsrq
iRFkj rFkk ydM+h ds dkjxj vkStkjksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k ,slh gh dqN lkexzh ^^f’kokfyd^^ dh
igkfM+;ksa] mRrj&if’pe iatkc] tEew] iwaN vkfn LFkkuksa ls izkIr gqbZ gSA fo}kuksa us bl lkexzh dks
ik¡p yk[k o"kZ izkphu crk;k gSA ,sfrgkfld izek.kks a ds vk/kkj ij ^^ik"kk.k ;qx ekuo }kjk dk"B
mi;ksx dk vkjfEHkd dky^^ ekuk tkrk gSA oSfnd dky ls ysdj vk/kqfud dky rd dk"B dyk
dh mRÑ"Vrk ds izek.k feyrs gSaA vf/kdka’k tutkfr;ksa dk bfrgkl 19oha
'krh ls iwoZ dk miyC/k
ugha gSA Hkkjrh; rFkk if’peh fo}kuksa us 19oha 'krkCnh ds iwokZ) esa fofHkUu tkfr;ksa ij fd;s x;s 'kks/k
ls dbZ LFkkuksa ij dk"B dyk ds izek.k izkIr fd;s gSaA tutkrh; lewg esa Hkh muds bZ"V
nsoh&nsorkvksa dh ewfrZ;k¡ dk"B ls fufeZr gksrh gSaA dk"B dyk esa ftu vyadj.kksa o izrhd fpUgksa dk
7
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk Fkk os ml le; ds fdlh u fdlh /kkfeZd vuq"Bku vkSj lkekftd ljksdkjksa ls
tqM+s gksrs FksA vkt Hkh ;g izFkk vkfnoklh tutkrh; dk"B f’kYiksa esa ns[kh tk ldrh gS] tks viuh
o"kksZa iqjkuh ijEijk dks thfor j[ks gSaA vkt Hkh dk"B dk iz;ksx cgqvk;keh :i esa ns[kus dks feyrk
gS pkgs og nSfud mi;ksx dh oLrq;sa gksa ;k fQj ewfrZ f’kYi ;k okLrq lEc)A
izFke v/;k; e/; izns’k cgqla[; vkfnoklh tutkfr;ksa o yksd lektksa dk ?kj gSA ;gk¡ vk/ks ls
vf/kd Hkkx esa vkfnoklh fuokl djrs gSaA ftuesa xkS.M] Hkhy] dksjdw] cSxk la[;k esa vf/kd gSa lHkh
viuh laLÑfr dks ih<+h nj ih<+h ikjEifjd :i ls gLrkUrfjr djrs vk jgs gSaA vkfnokfl;ksa dk
izÑfr vkSj firjksa ij dYiukRed o feFkdh; :i ls vVwV fo’okl lfn;ksa ls pyk vk jgk gS tks
muds yksd uR;&laxhr] f’kYi fp=ksa] VksVe fpUgksa vkfn ds }kjk mudh laLÑfr ds :i es ifjyf{kr
gksrk gS] ftldk izek.k izkxSfrgkfld dky ds f’kyk fp=ksa o fHkfRr fp=ksa esa n"VO; gksrk gSA budh
laLÑfr gh buds thou dh vueksy /kjksgj gSA budh izR;sd jpuk esa buds tkrh; fpUg ekStwn
jgrs gSaA eSa vius bl v/;k; ds vUrZxr vkfnoklh tutkfr;ksa ds bfrgkl o lkaLÑfrd ijEijkvksa
dk v/;;u d:¡xhA
f}rh; v/;k; tutkrh; thou ns’kt Kku ijEijk vkSj lkSUn;Zcks/k ij dsfUnzr e/; izns’k esas vkfnoklh tutkrh; laxzgky; dh LFkkiuk 6 twu 2013 dks vkfnoklh yksd dyk ,oa cksyh fodkl vdkneh] Hkksiky ds }kjk gqbZA laxzgky; izns’k dh 43 tutkfr;ksa dh dyk ijEijk ij
dsfUnzr gSA ftuesa xkS.M] cSxk] Hkhy] dksjdw] lgfj;k vkSj dksy lkr tutkfr dh thou dyk
ijEijk dks izeq[krk nh xbZ gSA lkr cM+h fofFkdkvksa esa vkfnoklh tutkrh; thou dh HkkSfrd vkSj
vk/;kfRed] laLÑfrd dyk vkSj okfpd ijEijk dks muds okrkoj.k ds vuq:i vius ifjos’k esa
miyC/k fofHkUu lalk/kuksa }kjk vkfnoklh dykdkjksa us Lo;a fufeZr fd;k gSA bu lHkh dk foLrkj
iwoZd v/;;u eSa bl v/;k; esa d:¡xhA
r`rh; v/;k; ds vUrxZr dk"B f’kYi dyk dk dk;Z djus okys ik¡p vkfnoklh tutkrh; ¼xkS.M]
Hkhy] cSxk] dksjdw] Hkkfj;k½ dykdkjksa dk tkfrxr vk/kkj ij O;fDrxr ifjp; nsrs gq;s] dk"B dyk
izsj.kk L=ksr vkfn ds v/;;u dk dsUnz fcUnq gksxkA
prqFkZ v/;k; ds ek/;e ls laxzgky; esa laxzghr dk"B dyk dh f’kYikÑfr;ksa dh fo"k;oLrq vuqlkj
oxhZdj.k djds /kkfeZd] ikjEifjd ,oa lkekftd vkfn fofHkUu oxksZa esa fufeZr dykÑfr;ksa dk
v/;;u djuk gSA
iape v/;k; ds vUrxZr laxzgky; eas laxzghr O;fDrxr] lkekftd] /kkfeZd ,oa ikSjkf.kd fo"k;ksa ds
vk/kkj ij fufeZr dk"B f’kYiksa dk dykRed ,oa leh{kkRed v/;;u d:¡xhA
"k"Be v/;k; ds vUrxZr vkfnoklh tutkrh; dk"B dykÑfr;ksa dh rduhfd o ek/;e ,oa f’kYi
ds fy;s dk"B dk p;u o iz;qDr gksus okys fofHkUu vkStkjksa dk lfoLrkj fooj.k izLrqr d:¡xhA
lIre v/;k; esa dk"B f’kYikÑfr;ksa dk vk/kqfud ;qx esa D;k egRo gS\ bldh D;k mi;ksfxrk gS\
dyk O;olk;hdj.k esa dk"B f’kYikÑfr;ksa dh D;k fLFkfr gS\ dk"B f’kYi dykdkjksa dh vk/kqfud
le; esa D;k fLFkfr gS\ vkfn iz’uksa dk mRrj nsus dk iz;kl d:¡xhA
milagkj ds vUrxZr vkfne tutkfr;ksa }kjk Ñr dykÑfr;ksa ds izfr muds HkkokRed i{k o
dykRed i{k dks tulk/kkj.k dks crkuk gSA vkfne tutkrh; dk"B f’kYidyk ds lkSUn;kZRed
nf"Vdks.k dk vk/kqfud dyk ij gksus okys izHkko o orZeku esa O;olk;hdj.k dh lEHkkoukvksa dks
ryk’kuk gSA
fnuk¡d %& 22-09-2014 uhrw ;kno
'kks/k Nk=k
8
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
1. vxzoky] oklqnso 'kj.k % 1966] Hkkjrh; dyk] ifFkoh izdk’ku] okjk.klhA
2. ,yfou] oksfj;j % xkS.M ,d thou] jkt dey izdk’ku izk- fy-]
HkksikyA
3. ,yfou] osfj;j % 2008] tutkrh; feFkd] vkfne tutkrh;
dY;k.k foHkkx] okU;k izdk’ku] vkfnoklh
foHkkx] ubZ fnYyhA
4. mik/;k;] oklqnso % 1982] izkphu Hkkjrh; ewfrZ foKku] pkS[kEHkk
fo|kHkou] okjk.klhA
5. mik/;k;] Hkxor 'kj.k % 1981] Hkkjrh; dyk bfrgkl] ihiqYl ifCyf’kax
gkml izk- fy-] ubZ fnYyhA
6. fxzMlu] MCY;w- oh- % e/; izns’k cjkj esa vkfnoklh leL;k;sa okU;k
izdk’ku] vkfne tkfr dY;k.k foHkkx] HkksikyA
7. xqIrk] uhfyek % Hkkjrh; yksd dyk] Lokrh ifCyds’ku] ubZ
fnYyhA
8. xqIr] txnh’k % izkxSfrgkfld Hkkjrh; fp=dyk] us’kuy ifCyf’kax
gkÅl] ubZ fnYyhA
9. ?kks"k] byk % 2004] laLÑr ok³~e; esa f’kYi dyk;sa] bZLVu cqd
fyaDl] fnYyhA
10. pV~Vksik/;k;] deyk nsoh % Hkkjrh; gLr f’kYi ijEijk] lwpuk vkSj izlkj.k
ea=ky; Hkkjr ljdkj ifV;kyk gkÅl] ubZ
fnYyhA
11. pfUnzds’k] txnh’k % oSfnd lkfgR; esa dyk ¼fp=] ewfrZ ,oa okLrq dk
izk:i vkSj mldh nk’kZfud i"BHkwfe½A
12. pkSjfl;k] fot; % vk[;ku] vkfnoklh yksddyk vdkneh] e- iz-
laLÑfr ifj"kn~] HkksikyA
13. tks'kh] egknso izlkn % 1989] gekjh laLÑfr ds izrhd] lLrk lkfgR;
e.My] ubZ fnYyhA
14. frokjh] dfiy % 2010] lEink] vkfnoklh yksd dyk ,oa rqylh
lkfgR; vdkneh] HkksikyA
15. frokjh] dfiy % 1994] izfr:i] e/; izns’k vkfnoklh yksd dyk
ifj"kn~] e- iz-A
16. frokjh] f’ko dqekj % 2008] pfjrkfu jktxksMkue~] jkt dey izdk’ku
izk- fy-] ubZ fnYyhA
17. Ikyhoky] pUnzeksgu % vkfnoklh gfjtu&vkfFkZd fodkl ¼cLrj ftys ds
lUnHkZ esa½] uknZu cqd lsUVj] ubZ fnYyhA
9
18. Hkkolkxj] ohjckyk % vkfnoklh dyk] lwpuk vkSj izlkj.k ea=ky; Hkkjr
ljdkj] ifV;kyk gkÅl] ubZ fnYyhA
19. ekFkqj] deys’k % 1997] gLr f’kYi dyk ds fofo/k vk;ke] iap’khy
izdk’ku] t;iqjA
20. fo'odekZ] izsepUnz % 2007]dk"B ,oa /kkrq ewfrZdyk] dk’kh fgUnw
fo’ofo|ky; izdk'ku okjk.klhA
21. 'kqDy] /kzqo % 2009] Hkxksfj;k ¼Hkkyksa dk enuksRlo½] okU;k
izdk'ku vkfne tutkrh; dY;k.k foHkkx]
HkksikyA
22. 'kkfMY;] egs’kpUnz % 1996] dk"B dyk] e/; izns’k vkfnoklh yksd
dyk ifj"kn~] HkksikyA
23. 'ks[k] xqykc % xkS.M] e/; izns’k vkfnoklh yksd dyk ifj"kn~] e-
iz-A
24. lkseiqjk] izHkk’kadj vks- % 1975] Hkkjrh; f’kYi lafgrk] cEcbZA
25. f=osnh] jkts” oj % cSxk] okU;k vkfne tkfr dY;k.k foHkkx] HkksikyA
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Abraham, T. M. : 1964, Handicrafts in India, New Delhi. 2. Bajpayi, Udyan : 2008, Narrative of a Tradition-Gond Paintings, Tribal
welfare department, M.P. 3. Bhawani, Enakshi : Decorative Desighs on Stone And Wood in India,
Bombay. 4. Busabil, Mareao : 1971, 5000 years of the Art of India, New York. 5. Havel, E.B. : 1920, A Hand Book of India Arts, John Murry, London. 6. Humbert, Claude : 1970, Ornamental Design, Great Britain. 7. Kajmasan, Hani N. : A Text Book of creative Design.
8. Mehta, Rustum J. : 1960, Handicrafts And Industrial Arts of India, Taaperevala, Bombay.
9. Michell, Gearge : Living Wood (Sculptural Traditions of Southern, India), Mary Publications, Bombay.
10. Misra, Umesh Chandra : 1984, Tribal Paintings and Sculptures, P.K. Published Distributars P. Ltd., Delhi.
11. RAE T. John : 1971, Art and Craft for Children, Published by Methuen Educational Ltd., London.
12. Shah, Shampa : Tribal Arts and Crafts of Madhya Pradesh, Vanya Prakashan, Bhopal.
13. Swaminathan, J. : 1987, The Preceiving Fingures, All India Handi Crafts Board, New Delhi.
14. Swarup, Shanti : 1957, The Art and Craft of India Pakistan, Bombay. 15. Trived, K.K. : 1961, Wood Caring of Gujrat census of India, Vol. vth
part viii, Gujrat.
10
i=&if=dk,sa
1- Qjojh&ebZ] 2002] ledkyhu dyk] vad& 21-
2- tqykbZ&vDVwcj] 2011 o"kZ& 28] la;qDrkad&86@87-
3- vizSy] 2013] iwokZxzg] vad& 14-
4- twu] 2013] pkSeklkA
5- vDVwcj] 2013] dyk nh?kkZ] vad& 27-
6- vizSy] 2014] dyk nh?kkZ] o"kZ&14] vad& 28-
7- vDVwcj] 2014] dyk le;A
8- twu] 7] 2013] Lons’kA
9- twu] 7] 2013] uoHkkjrA
10- twu] 7] 2013] ubZ nqfu;kA
11- twu] 7] 2013] nSfud HkkLdjA
12- twu] 7] 2013] Times of India.
WEBSITES
1- www.timesofindiatravel.com/madhya-pradesh-map.html
2- www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh
3- www.mptribalmeseum.com
4- www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribals_in_Madhya_Pradesh
5- www.refelctionsofondia.com/2014/02/25/madhys-pradesh-tribal-meseum/#jp-carausel.719
6- www.article.wn.com/view/2014/04/14In_a_tribe_of_its_own/
7- www.indiantribalheritage.org/?p=12031
8- www.malikaverma.blogspot.in/2014/02/mp-tribal-meseum-bhopal-few-glimpse.html
11
fp= la- 1 tutkrh; laxzgky;] Hkksiky ¼e-iz-½ dk eq[; }kj
fp= la- 2 xkS.M tutkfr }kjk fufeZr ekoyh ekrk dk >wyk
12
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