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VLSIVery Large Scale Integration

•ƒ Integration of (mathematical expression) dx

•ƒ Integration of (Transistors and complex logic gates)

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1989

Transistors invented in Bell Laboratory

First IC (JK-FF by Jack Kilby at TI)

Early 60s Small Scale Integration (SSI) 10 transistors on a chip

Medium Scale Integration (MSI) 100s of transistors on a chip

Early 70s Large Scale Integration (LSI)1000s of transistor on a chip

Early 80s VLSI 10,000s of transistors on a chip (later 100,000s & now 1,000,000s)

Ultra LSI is sometimes used for 1,000,000s

Generations Of VLSI

2000-200001978Very Large Scale Integration

20000-?1989Ultra Large Scale Integration

200-20001972Large Scale Integration

20-2001967Medium Scale Integration

5-201964Complex Function

2-41962Multi-function

11960Unit Logic (one gate)

Less than 11959Single transistor

Complexity

(Number of logic blocks/chip)

DateEra

Design FlowSystem Specification

Functional Design

Functional Verification

Logic Design

Logic Verification

Circuit Design

Circuit Verification

Physical Design

Layout Verification

Fabrication and Testing

Behavioral representation

Logical representation

Circuit representation

Layout representation

Task

Sub-task

Sub-tasksSub-tasks Sub-tasks Sub-tasks

Sub-task

Design Hierarchy

The 4-bit adder

Simplified form to a single BIT

Concepts Of VLSI Design

VLSI Design Styles

• Field programmable gate array (FPGA)• Gate Array Design• Standard-cells based design• Full custom design

The Intel 486 Microprocessor is an example of Full-custom design.

VLSI in Today's world

VLSI in Communication

• VLSI has enabled us to use portable media tools like radio, mobile phones & PDA

• Recently INDIA launched its PSLV –polar satellite launch vehicle .This was only possible due to VLSI.

VLSI in Computers

•VLSI Design system was used in the Intel 80286 processor from 1978.

•All modern computers use either VLSI or its advanced versions like the ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration).

•This has reduced the size of computers & these days we have palmtops

Future of VLSI

•Emergence of GSI (Giga-Scale Integration) and TSI (Tera-Scale Intgration)

•Use of Carbon Nano-Tubes

•ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) & Wafer Scale Integration and more developed versions of SoC

(System on Chip).

Moore’s Law

• After every 24 months the number of transistors on a IC doubles for

minimum component cost.

Gordon Moore

CONCLUSION

The vast development in the VLSI design system and its successor the ULSI will lead to a rapid

growth in the electronics field.