WATER RESOURCES AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF LAND DEVELOPMENT

WATER RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES AS AN IMPORTANT FACTORAS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR

OF LAND DEVELOPMENT OF LAND DEVELOPMENT

Program of Rural Areas Development 2007-2013

Improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector

The quality of life in rural areas and diversification of the rural economy

Improving the environment and the countryside

LEADER

AXIS 4 LEADER

•Implementation of Local Development Strategies

•Implementation of cooperation projects

•Running the Local Action Group, acquisition of

skills and activation

•Implementation of Local Development Strategies

•Implementation of cooperation projects

•Running the Local Action Group, acquisition of

skills and activation

WATER RESOURCES OF THE EARTH

Oceans 96,5 %

Glaciers and permanent snow cover 1,74 %

Permanent frozen land 0,022 %

Subsurface water 1,7 %

Soil water 0,76 %

Lakes 0,013 %

Rivers 0,0002 %

Wetlands 0,0008 %

Water in atmosphere 0,001 %

Biological water 0,0001 %

WATER RESORCES USE

7 times growth in the last centuryActual total usein the world: 2180 km3 Annual water abstraction by source

and by sector in UNEC region

Agriculture: 69 % Industry: 23 %Domestic: 8 %

Source: EEA, based on data from Eurostat data table:

WATER RESOURCES ISSUE

1.Seasonal and spatial distribution of precipitationResults: permanent too less, in some periods too much or too less, trends of decreasing of water resources, catastrophes.2. Fast rising of water demand due to population growth (from 1.65 billion to 6,3 billions in the last century), economic development and change standard of living. 3. Climate change – trends of water resources decreasing.4. Polution of water resorces.

WATER CATASTROPHES (floods, droughts, tsunami, cyclones, landslides (mudslides, snowslides etc.)

Number of water’s catastrophes Cost of water’s catastrophes

Number of lost of life (red colour) and number of incured people (black colour)

in catastrophes connected with water

Critical situations in forest concerning water conditions

• Catastrophes

• Short or long term states

Floods Droughts

Overflow Deficits

Total number of people (milions) in UNEC region affected by drought (blue colour), extreme

temperature (dark brown), flood disasters (light brown) and storm (green)

CHANGES OF PRECIPITATION IN PERIOD 1961-2006

Observed changes [mm/10 years]

Source:European Environment Agency

Report No. 2/2009

Air temperature and precipitation in period 2080-2099 (according IPCC)

Changes in periods of droughts

South Europe Central Europe North Europe Północna

Source: European Environment Agency Report No. 2/2009

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Critical situations:

- too less water,- too much water,- water too poluted,

Water resources in Europe

Climatic balancein Poland in period21.05 – 20.VII. 2010

Source: IUNG Puławy, Monitoring of drought

Polution of water bodies

State in 2008:w 2008 r.:in Vistula basingood state only in 223 catchments (on 2618),in Oder basingood state only in 67 catchments (on 1673).

Source: GUS 2009

Wastewater in period 1970-2008

,

Source: GUS 2009

Floods and landslides

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Destroyed plantation after flood

Number and range of floods

in Pol in period 1946-2001

Źródło: Ministerstwo Środowiska, Departament Zasobów Wodnych

Changes in watersheds of river Ren (Germany)

1828 1872 1963

Area of arable lands with irrigation systems [ha]

• Source: European Environment Agency Report No. 2/2009

Acid rains and drought in forests

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW WATER RESOURCES

Problems: - technically difficult,

- economically expensive,- environmentally negative.

Source: EEA Eldred 2.08

(European Lakes, Dams and Reservoirs

Database), 2008.

Development of water reservoir’s capacity in Europe

SOLUTIONS?

The main ways:•water saving, •water recyckling, •water harvesting.

Tools:• legislation,• participation of all sectors,• economy mechanisms,• research and technology develipment,• education,• monitoring and controlling systems.

PROJECTED WATER SCARCITY IN 2025