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What is a Frog?
An Introduction to Amphibians and Thermoregulation
Amphibia“two lived”
Gymnophiona(caecilians)
171 sp.
Urodela(salamanders)
556 sp.
Anura(frogs)
5285 sp.
Class Amphibia6,012 sp.*
Amphibian Traits
__________________
__________________
__________________
AQUATIC TERRESTRIAL
General Characteristics of Frogs
No _____________ Long ____________ Well developed
_______________
_____________
Getting your body heat from an _________________ (usually the sun)
________________ Having a ___________ body
temperatureChart A
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5:00 AM7:00 AM9:00 AM11:00 AM1:00 PM3:00 PM5:00 PM7:00 PM9:00 PM11:00 PM
Body Temp (Celcius)
_____________ Getting your body heat from an
________ ______. You produce your own body heat.
______________
Having a __________ body temperature
Chart B
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15
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25
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5:00 AM7:00 AM9:00 AM11:00 AM1:00 PM3:00 PM5:00 PM7:00 PM9:00 PM11:00 PM
Body Temp (Celcius)
Which is Better, Ectothermy or Endothermy?
Costs of Ectothermy
Less ____________
Limits ___________
Not always at _________
Benefits of Endothermy
More _____________
Can be _______ all the time
Always at ____________
Which is better, Ectothermy or Endothermy?
Benefits of Ectothermy
• Which is better? • Could go either way
Why care about body temperature?
Homeostasis Maintaining ___________________
_______________________ through behavioral or physiological responses
Thermoregulation Maintaining a _____________________
ThermoregulationWho cares about body temp?
Having a stable internal environment aids in ___________
Modes of Thermoregulation
______________
Modes of Thermoregulation
______________ Changing _______ to absorb more heat
How is thermoregulation important to frogs?
Water Regulation
Permeable skin – Don’t need to
“drink”
Desiccation – all dried up
Avoiding Predators ______________ Using __________ to hide from predators
Making Observations
Anthropomorphism and Preferences
Anthropomorphism
giving ___________________ to things that we can only observe.
Anthropomorphic Observations
“Penguins love the cold” “Dogs hate lettuce” These statements are incorrect
because they imply that we are able to observe _________
There is no way for us to really know how an animal feels or if it even has feelings.
How should we say these?
Observation: When Jim turns off the lights, his frog moves around much more.
Statement: “the frog likes the dark”
How should we say these?
Observation: A bird hides in a tree when the wind picks up.
Statement: “Birds hate the wind”
Anthropomorphic Observations
Why are they bad?
They introduce bias Errors in an experiment due to the
__________________ of the experimenter.
Example of Bias
Jane believes that lizards hate each other.
She sees a lizard bite another lizard. Jane concludes, “lizards hate each
other.” What is wrong with this conclusion? Can you think of a different one?
How to Avoid Anthropomorphism:
Preferences What is a preference? When an animal is given two or more options (be they different habitats, foods, mates, etc)
and _______________________ one over the others. How do we show whether an animal has
preferences or not? _______________________: For example if you took
everyone in the room and gave them the choice between dog food or a piece of fruit, almost all would choose the fruit. That is a preference.
Controlled Experiments:What is a fair Test?
Which is better, Taco Bell or Inn-N-Out?
“8th grade students like _____ the most”
So how do we make this a fair test?
Ted’s Experiment:
Ted is examining frog habitat preferences. He puts a frog on top of a piece of sand paper and the frog immediately jumps off. It then lands on a piece of yellow tape. Ted writes, “Frogs like yellow tape the best.”
1)Do you agree with his conclusions? 2)How would you state your conclusions?
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