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World History
Unit 1AAbsolutism and Scientific Revolution
Ch.5 and 6.1
5.1
Absolutism• every aspect• Divine Right- represent God
Why?• Decline of feudalism• World was crazy• Fear of God
Spain
Isabella & Ferdinand Spanish InquisitionUnited Spain
Charles V (Hapsburg)GrandsonGermany (Holy Roman Empire)Catholic
Phillip IICrazy CatholicEl EscorialSpanish Armada
Spain
ArtEl Greco- Catholic FaithVelazquez- MonarchyMiguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote
Modern European Novel
SpainProblems
Economic- inflationtax on poorDutch- Revolt Protestant vs. Catholic William of Orange
Flood Gates United Provinces of Netherlands(Republic)EnglandDefeat of ArmadaTried to kill Elizabeth I
France
Bourbon FamilyHenry IV- Henry of Navarre Protestant “Paris is Worth a Mass”
Louis XIII & Cardinal Richelieu (minister)30 Year War (won)Weakened Nobles Edict of Nantes
France
Louis XIV & Cardinal Mazarin 5yr old, “Boy King” The Fronde The “Sun King” “I am the State” Got rid of Edict of Nantes Weakened Nobles Debt, Abuse of Power Lost War of Spanish Succession (Eng/HRE)
Versailles
LavishGoldFountainsApolloGardensSpy on NoblesGlorify King
Austria
Hapsburgs
Maria Theresa (Charles VI daughter)War of Austrian Succession (Silesia)
Prussia attacked, won war lost SilesiaIncrease ArmyCatholicDecrease power of Nobility7 years War- lost
Prussia
HohenzallernsFrederick William I
Great ElectorStanding ArmyPermanent taxSoldier KingMilitary SocietyJunkers-land owning nobility
Prussia
Frederick II (The Great)practicalatheistreligious tolerancelegal reformforeign affairs
Russia
Ivan IV (The Terrible)1533Csar/Tsar (Ceasar)added landcode of lawsboyarssecret police
Russia
Peter the Great (Romanov)Grand EmbassyChurch under
statewesternizearmynavylower class loyalreduced
landowners power
St. PetersburgClothesEducationPotatoWaterway for tradenewspaper
Russia
Catherine the Greatschool for girlsincrease size of Russia
England
• Elizabeth IRenaissanceRestored Anglican ChurchDebtJames I (Cousin, King of Scotland)
Charles I*James I son*Asked parliament for $*NO*Got rid of parliament*Recalled parliament*Petition of Rights– Due cause– No quartering of soldiers– Signed it, got money, then ignored it*Forced Anglican Church on Puritans*Presbyterians (Scotland) got army
Civil War
• Charles fled• Royalists (Cavaliers) support King• Roundheads, Parliament, Puritans wanted King out• Oliver Cromwell led Roundheads and won• Beheaded Charles I• Cromwell became dictator• Got rid of fun, killed Irish• Died
The Restoration of Charles II
• 1660• Fun• Habeas Corpus• Heir was a Catholic= James, brother• 1st political parties emerge• Whigs – no blood line• Tories – James and blood line• James becomes King
The Glorious Revolution
• James was Catholic King• Had Protestant daughter, Mary• Mary was married to William of Orange from the
Netherlands• Parliament brought W & M to England• Bloodless overthrow of James • James left• It was “Glorious” to have a Protestant King & Queen
back
Constitutional Monarchy
• Laws limit the monarch’s power• English Bill of Rights• Cabinet• Prime Minister- Robert Walpole
30 Years War
• Religious Conflict• Increased power of France• Weakening of Spain & Austria• Devastation of Germany (HRE)• Religion, land and power among ruling
families
Scientific Revolution
• Heliocentric- Copernicus• Francis Bacon- reason from abstract theories• Isaac Newton-gravity, clock• Scientific Method-Observe, question,
hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion• Improvements in medicine and scientific
instruments
Unit 1B
The EnlightenmentChapter 6.2 & 6.3
The Enlightenment in Europe
• Scientific Revolution• Age of Reason– Emphasis reason and thought
Two Views on Government
Thomas Hobbes• Leviathon• Social contract• Needed Absolute monarchy
John Locke• Two Treatises of Government• Government by consent• Natural Rights• Universal Moral Law
Philosophes
• Thinkers of new ideas• Use reason • Use logic• Progress• Liberty
Voltaire
• Candide• Freedom of religion• Freedom of Speech• “I disapprove of what you say but I defend you
to the death your right to say it”
Montesquieu
• On the Spirit of Laws• Separation of powers• Three branches of government• Checks & balances• Power should be a check to power
Rousseau
• The Social Contract• Direct democracy (Anarchy)• All people are equal• Civilization corrupts
Beccaria
• On Crime and Punishment• Criminal justice• NO death penalty• No torture• Punishment should fit the crime
Women
Mary Wollstonecraft• Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)• Women need education
Marie Lavosiour• Helped her husband
Emilie Chatelet• Translated Newton to french
Impact of the Enlightenment
Three Long Term Effects• Belief in Progress- end slavery, prison reform• More Secular Outlook- Deism, tolerance• Importance of the Individual- Methodist,
Adam Smith (Capitalism, Invisible Hand)
Spread of Enlightenment
• Salons• Diderot• Books• Letters• Visits (William Penn, The United Nations)• Middle Class develop
Art
Baroque• Grand, ornate, overwhelming emotion• Bach, Handel
Rococo• Over the top elaboration• Versailles
Neoclassical• Order, balance, simple elegance, architecture, classic
Roman and Greek
Music
• Hayden- symphany• Mozart- operas• Beethoven- piano symphonies
Literature
• Novels• Vernacular• Plot, suspense• Robinson Crusoe
Enlightened Despots
• Rule fairly and just, absolute• Supports enlightened ideas• No intention of giving up power• Make the country and himself stronger
Frederick the Great
• Prussia• Abolish torture• Decrease censorship
Joseph II
• Austria• Freedom of the press• Freedom to worship• Abolished serfdom
Catherine the Great
• Russia• School for girls
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