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Yalta Conference New United Nations
peacekeeping organization
Divided Germany Free elections in several
Eastern European nations
Potsdam Conference Met for 17 days Discussed post-war
resolutions
Yalta & Potsdam-1945
Yalta
Soviet Union enters the warJapan surrenders aboard USS Missouri,
September 2, 1945Postwar Soviet UnionCompetition between
U.S. and Soviet UnionCold War begins
End of World War II
U.S. develops atomic and hydrogen bombs
Soviets do the same Explode atomic bomb in
1949 Explode hydrogen bomb in
1953
What is a Cold War?
Bombs
Communism puts needs of state over needs of individual
Capitalism puts individual needs first
Both profess to guarantee the best way of life
Increased competition between the two superpowers
Communism vs. Capitalism
Adam Smith
Karl Marx
Plan to stop spread of communism
Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947 President asks Congress for
$400 million to assist Greece and Turkey
Containment Policy
“It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
— Harry S TrumanHarry S Truman
Marshall Plan Named after U.S. Secretary
of State Established in June 1947 Substantial U.S. aid to any nation
resisting communism Impacted 16 nations $12.5 billion in economic
assistance Considered a spectacular success
Containment Policy
George Marshall
June 1948Soviet leader Stalin
shuts down delivery of supplies to West Berlin
U.S. and British respond by airlifting supplies for almost one year
Soviets back down
Berlin Blockade
Soviet leader from 1922-1953
Led U.S.S.R. during early phase of the Cold War
Brutal dictator, killed millions of his own people
His successor, Khrushchev, denounced his politics
Joseph Stalin
Constructed by East Germans in 1961
Separated the capitalist West from the communist East
Prevented escapes to the West
Berlin Wall
Military alliance created in 194912 nations including the U.S.
and CanadaStrongest alliance in historyExpands to 15 members
by 1955Critics said the purpose
of NATO was:
“to keep the Russians out, the Germans down, and the Americans in.”
NATO
Soviet response to NATOMade up of Eastern European countriesA partial response to West Germany
joining NATOSoviet perspective
Attacked numerous times by Germany in two world wars
Distrusted global ambitions of the U.S. and Great Britain
Warsaw Pact-1955
Iron Curtain Map
single click speakerto hear audio clip >>>>>
“It is my duty however, for I am sure you would wish me to state the facts as I see them to you. It is my duty to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere …”
— Winston Churchill
Communists vs. NationalistsMao Zedong, communist leaderChiang Kai-shek, nationalist leaderSoviets supported communistsU.S. supported nationalists The Communists were
victorious
Cold War in China
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek
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