Africa gold salt trade

Do Now (5)Name 4 tools the Mongols used to conquer.

Why did the empire become 4 Khanates?

What did this empire do for trade in the region?

Africa and the Gold Salt Trade

Objective Students will be able analyze how the African gold-salt trade facilitated the spread of ideas.

Which of these has more value?

In the desert which has more value?

What has more value?

Explore: History Short (5) Get your History Short: Africa’s Trading Empires

Answer the Multiple Choice

Overlooked but Important Overall African history until Europeans get in the picture is overlooked.

Lots of history passed down via oral tradition so we lack written records.

During the Middle Ages it is a massive trading powerhouse.

A mix of religion, traditions, and trade occurs here.

Africa, Gold, and Salt Create this page in your notebook

(80 Seconds)

(70 seconds a slide)

Ghana (750-1200)

Songhai(1464-1600)

Gold-Salt Trade

Impacts

Mali(1240-1400)

Gold-Salt Trade Sahara Desert separates Savannah from Mediterranean.

Gold-Salt Trade Camels and oases allow merchants and people to travel.

Gold-Salt Trade Salt is traded for gold and other goods; ideas and Islam spread.

Ghana(750-1200)

Taxes all trade including gold-salt.

Mali(1240-1400)

Controlled the gold-salt trade.

Mali(1240-1400)

Mansa Musa’s Hajj (pilgrimage); brings back scholars.

Mali(1240-1400)

Timbuktu: Centering of Islamic learning and culture.

Songhai(1464-1600)

Expands trade to Europe and Asia.

Impacts Islam brought into West/Central Africa.

Impacts Elaborate trade systems to Europe and Asia.

Impacts Trade cities like Timbuktu encourage literacy through Islam.

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S.A.R. Rubric SummaryScore 0 Does not answer the question, or is too vague or

unclear.

Score 1 The answer is alright but you don’t have text evidence from the selection or your evidence is wrong.

Score 2 The answer presents a basic level of understanding and the text evidence is accurate and relevant.

Score 3 The answer is perspective and the text evidence is specific and well chosen.

A.C.E. (30) A- Answer the question(s)

C- Cite textual evidence

E- Explain your answer

Example A.C.E“The lord of this Mali kingdom has a great balcony in his palace. There he has a great seat of ebony that is like a throne fit for a large and tall person. It is flanked by elephants’ tusks. The king’s [weapons] stand near him. They are all gold; sword and lance, bow and quiver of arrows. Before him stand twenty Turkish pages…[one] of these standing on his left, holds a silk umbrella topped by a dome with a hawk made of gold. The king’s officers are seated in a circle near him… Beyond them sit the commanders of the cavalry. In front of them is a person who never leaves him and is his executioner; and another who is his official spokesperson.”

• - Ibn Battuta, 1349

Short Answer: How does the King of Mali demonstrate his wealth and power? Support your answer with evidence from the selection.

A.C.E. A- Answer the question(s)- RESTATE the question

C- Cite textual evidence- Text that supports YOUR answer. ◦ You must put quotation marks around the citations because these are not your own words.

E- Explain your answer ◦ Explain or expand on evidence that supports your answer.

Tips for Explain◦State an opinion about the passage.◦Make an inference about something you read in the passage.

◦Point out a cause/effect situation.◦Make a conclusion about the passage.

Sorting through the text. “The lord of this Mali kingdom has a great balcony in his palace. There he has a great seat of ebony that is like a throne fit for a large and tall person. It is flanked by elephants’ tusks. The king’s [weapons] stand near him. They are all gold; sword and lance, bow and quiver of arrows. Before him stand twenty Turkish pages…[one] of these standing on his left, holds a silk umbrella topped by a dome with a hawk made of gold. The king’s officers are seated in a circle near him… Beyond them sit the commanders of the cavalry. In front of them is a person who never leaves him and is his executioner; and another who is his official spokesperson.”

• - Ibn Battuta, 1349

Short Answer: How does the King of Mali demonstrate his wealth and power? Support your answer with evidence from the selection.

Example A.C.E. A. The King of Mali demonstrates his wealth and power by displaying weapons, soldiers, and precious goods around him.

C. For his personal use the king has a “great seat of ebony that is like a throne fit for a large and tall person.”

Ibn Battuta writes that his weapons, “ are all gold; sword and lance, bow and quiver of arrows.”

For comfort the king has a “silk umbrella topped by a dome with a hawk made of gold”

The king projects his power with his officers; Ibn Battuta notes “The king’s officers are seated in a circle near him… Beyond them sit the commanders of the cavalry”

E. To demonstrate his wealth and power to awe guests and discourage enemies the king decorated his palace with many weapons and goods covered with gold. To further demonstrate power the king also displayed his military might, his officers and commanders.

Finished Product The King of Mali demonstrates his wealth and power by displaying weapons, soldiers, and precious goods around him. For his personal use the king has a “great seat of ebony that is like a throne fit for a large and tall person.” Ibn Battuta writes that his weapons, “ are all gold; sword and lance, bow and quiver of arrows.” For comfort the king has a “silk umbrella topped by a dome with a hawk made of gold.” The king also projects power with officers; Ibn Battuta notes “The king’s officers are seated in a circle near him… Beyond them sit the commanders of the cavalry.” To demonstrate his wealth and power to awe guests and discourage enemies the king decorated his palace with luxury items, weapons covered in precious gold, and had seated near him his strongest military personnel.

Your A.C.E.

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Your A.C.E After twenty-five days [from Sijilmasa] we reached Taghaza, an unattractive village, with the curious feature that its houses and mosques are built of blocks of salt, roofed with camel skins. There are no trees there, nothing but sand. In the sand is a salt mine; they dig for the salt, and find it in thick slabs, lying one on top. of the other, as though they had been tool-squared and laid under the surface of the earth. A camel will carry two of these slabs.

No one lives at Taghaza except the slaves of the Massufa tribe, who dig for the salt; they subsist on dates imported from Dar'a and Sijilmasa, camels' flesh, and. [Their masters] come up from their country and take away the salt from there. At Iwalatan a load of salt brings eight to ten mithqals; in the town of Malli [Mali] it sells for twenty to thirty, and sometimes as much as forty. [They] use salt as a medium of exchange, just as gold and silver is used [elsewhere]; they cut it up into pieces and buy and sell with it. The business done at Taghaza, for all its meanness, amounts to an enormous figure in terms of hundredweights of gold-dust.

We passed ten days of discomfort there, because the water is brackish and the place is plagued with flies. Water supplies are laid in at Taghaza for the crossing of the desert which lies beyond it, which is a ten-nights' journey with no water on the way except on rare occasions.

-Ibn Battuta

Salt had a major impact on the lives of the people in Africa. How does salt shape Taghaza and its residents? Support your answer with evidence from the selection.

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4

Role Pilgrim Miner Merchant Scholar

Audience Home Miners Europeans Scholars

Format Letter Letter Letter Letter

Topic Traveling from Egypt you have arrived in West Africa during the Songhai Empire. With little information of the region available at home you are informing others of the rich trading network and the wonders of this region.

Strong View Inform Inform Inform Inform

R.A.F.T.S (15- 12 Alone, 3 Together)

Without using your notes explain how the gold-salt trade fostered the spread of ideas in Africa.

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