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Approaches to Industrial Relations Industrial Relations
Prepared By
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Manu Melwin JoyAssistant Professor
Ilahia School of Management Studies
Kerala, India.Phone – 9744551114
Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
Approaches to Industrial Relations
Unitary Perspective
• The unitary perspective is based
on the assumption that the
organization is an integrated
group of people with single
authority/ loyalty structure and a
set of common values, interests
and objectives shared by all
members of the organization.
Unitary Perspective
• Management’s prerogative
is regarded as legitimate,
rational and accepted and
any opposition to it is seen
as irrational.
Unitary Perspective
• The organization is
not regarded as a
them and us situation
– as Farnham and
Pimlott put it.
Unitary Perspective
• There is no conflict
between the interests of
those supplying capital to
the enterprise and their
managerial
representatives, and those
contributing their labor.
Unitary Perspective
• The underlying
assumption of this view is
that the organizational
system is in basic
harmony, and conflict is
unnecessary and
exceptional.
Unitary Perspective
• This has two implications.– Conflict is perceived an
irrational activity.
– Trade unions are regarded as
intrusions into the organizations
from outside which compete
with management for the
loyalty of employees.
Unitary Perspective
• Managements clings to
this view because.:– It legitimizes its authority role by
projecting the interests of
management and employees as
being the same and by
emphasizing managements role of
governing in the best interest of
organization as a whole.
Unitary Perspective
• Managements clings to
this view because.:– It reassures managers by
confirming that conflict,
where it exists, is largely the
fault of the government
rather than management.
Unitary Perspective
• Managements clings to
this view because.:– It may be projected to the
outside world as a means of
persuading them that
management’s decisions and
actions are right and the best in
the circumstances and that any
challenge to them is subversive.
Pluralistic Perspective
• Fox believed that this view of
the organization probably
represents the received
orthodoxy in many western
societies and is often
associated with a view of
society as being post
capitalist.
Pluralistic Perspective
• This perspective is based on
the assumption that the
organization is composed of
individuals who coalesce into
a variety of distinct sectional
groups, each with its own
interests, objectives and
leadership.
Pluralistic Perspective
• The organization is perceived as
being multi structured and
competitive in terms of
groupings, leadership, authority
and loyalty and this gives rise to
complex tensions and competing
claims which have to be managed
in the interests of maintaining a
viable collaborative structure.
Pluralistic Perspective
• The underlying assumption of this
approach is that the organization
is in a permanent state of
dynamic tension resulting from
the inherent conflict of interests
between the various sectional
groups and requires to managed
through a variety of roles,
institutions and processes.
Radical Marxist Perspective
• The radical perspective,
which is also referred to
as the Marxist
perspective, concentrates
on the nature of the
society surrounding the
organization.
Radical Marxist Perspective
• It assumes and emphasizes that
the organization exists within a
capitalist society where product
system is privately owned and
profit is the key influence on
company policy and control over
production is enforced
downwards by the owner’s
managerial agents.
Radical Marxist Perspective
• The Marxist general
theory of society
argues that:
– Class conflict is the source
of societal change –
without such conflict,
society would stagnate.
Radical Marxist Perspective
• The Marxist general
theory of society argues
that:
– Class conflict arises primarily
from the disparity in the
distribution of and access to
economic power within the
society.
Radical Marxist Perspective
• The Marxist general theory
of society argues that:
– The nature of the society’s
social and political institutions
is derived from this economic
disparity and reinforces the
position of the dominant
establishment group.
Radical Marxist Perspective
• The Marxist general
theory of society argues
that:
– Social and political conflict in
whatever from is merely an
expression of the underlying
economic conflict within the
society.
A comparative picture of three approaches
A comparative picture of three approaches
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