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A discussion for History 12 on the events associated with China and Japan leading up to the Second World War.
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China and Japan in the early 20th century
The New China is born 1911when the Qing Dynasty
crumbles:• Sun Yat-Sen - Wuchang uprising
• Kuomintang
• May Fourth Movement (Versailles = )
• 1917 - nationalism vs. Japan
• 1925 - Sun dies
Chiang Kai-Shek1925
• Dictatorship
• Anti-communist
• Corruption
• Strong central gov’t
Japan
Western Culture
Mukden, 1931 (see pg 53 in the Map Book)
The famed Marco Polo Bridge at MukdenThe famed Marco Polo Bridge at Mukden
Autarky Fix #1 - Manchuria 1931Autarky Fix #2: the rest of China 1937
Another view…
The Long March, 1934
Chiang attacked the CCP in 1927 - Mao escaped the “White Terror.”
Split upSplit upEscapeEscape
Re-join in stagesRe-join in stages
Safety in the North-WestSafety in the North-West
Increased German cooperation for China from 1933 until the Japanese invasion in 1937.
Talk didn’t matter - the ARMY didn’t listen and took
control in 1937!Talk didn’t matter - the ARMY didn’t listen and took
control in 1937!
The first Sino-Japanese War was pre 1900.
Asia for the Asians
Trade: the aggressive way out
The Depression was devastating for Japan: foreign tariffs cut trade by 2/3 - by 1931 1/2 of her factories closed.
Fix #1 - Invasion of Manchuria 1931
Fix #2 - Huge increases in Gov’t spending (rearmament): ’32,’33,’34 up 20%/yr - in’36 the Army murdered the finance minister when he planned to cut spending - they wanted EVEN MORE ARMAMENT.
• 1/2 of Japan’s exports to Yen Bloc• 2/5 of Japan’s imports from Yen Bloc• BUT, this is not enough - Japan would not be
able to prosper AND keep her large armed forces unless her empire grew. She needed resources.
• Ironically, the aggressive nationalism that saved her from the Depression would soon push her into a self-destructive war with America.
• But first, more success…
Success in the YEN BLOC!(Korea, Taiwan (Formosa), and Manchukuo
AUTARCHY
Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity Sphere
a NEW ORDER ?
Atrocities…
The Nanking Massacre /The Rape of Nanking
300,000 or
6000?300,000 or
6000?
“Animal instincts” / Postcards / Army censors / Revenge 1947
Why would the USA not send aid to the Communists in spite of advise to do so by their own in-country advisor?
P-40 Warhawk
This intervention from Burma was limited; soon
the Japanese would wake the Sleeping Giant in
earnest.
This intervention from Burma was limited; soon
the Japanese would wake the Sleeping Giant in
earnest.
END
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