Decolonization inafrica

The Impact of GlobalizationThe Impact of Globalization

Who would stop the Japanese Who would stop the Japanese Co- Prosperity Sphere (1939)?Co- Prosperity Sphere (1939)?

How Was Japan Defeated?How Was Japan Defeated?At What Cost??At What Cost??

Results of World War IIResults of World War II

Defeat of dictatorships.

Unparalleled destruction.

The decline of colonial powers.

The rise of the superpowers and the Cold War.

Defeat of DictatorshipsDefeat of Dictatorships

Germany, Japan, and Italy were occupied and turned into democratic, peaceful nations.

Unparalelled DestructionUnparalelled Destruction

Much of Europe, North Africa and East Asia lay in ruins.

Total war had destroyed cities, factories, railroads, homes – and lives.

The Decline of the The Decline of the Colonial PowersColonial Powers

The Rise of the The Rise of the SuperpowersSuperpowers

And the Cold WarAnd the Cold War

With Its “Iron Curtain”With Its “Iron Curtain”

And Its Arms Race!And Its Arms Race!

Made a United Nations Made a United Nations Essential, But….Essential, But….

Permanent Members Have Permanent Members Have Veto PowerVeto Power

Associated Press

"I came, I saw, I vetoed" The Economist

United States.United Kingdom.France.Russia.Nationalist China (Taiwan) until 1972.

The BIG 5The BIG 5

In the U. N. In the U. N. Security CouncilSecurity Council

And Remained DividedAnd Remained Dividedby Cold War Issuesby Cold War Issues

Decolonization of Asia & AfricaDecolonization of Asia & AfricaChanged the Makeup of the UNChanged the Makeup of the UN

First, Second, & Third First, Second, & Third WorldsWorlds

with a North- South Dividewith a North- South Divide

AfricaAfrica Produced Many Newly-Produced Many Newly-Independent Nations in a Very Independent Nations in a Very

Short TimeShort Time

who of ten found themselves who of ten found themselves caught in a battle between the caught in a battle between the

two superpowerstwo superpowers

British ColoniesBritish Colonies Were Some of the Were Some of the First to Seek Independence First to Seek Independence

becausebecauseBritain felt hypocritical about colonialism.Britain felt hypocritical about colonialism.War left her weak and unable to afford War left her weak and unable to afford colonies.colonies.A New African educated middle class began A New African educated middle class began to emerge in the cities.to emerge in the cities.

GhanaGhana: First African State : First African State to Gain Independenceto Gain Independence

Kwame Nkrumah Led the Kwame Nkrumah Led the Former Gold CoastFormer Gold Coastto Independenceto Independence

Educated abroad.

Schoolteacher.

Preached nonviolence.

Used boycotts and strikes.

Ultimately successful 1957.

Ghana today still needs to Ghana today still needs to modernizemodernize

Market inMarket in Kumasi.Kumasi.

Sells shoes crafted from old automobile tires. Sells shoes crafted from old automobile tires.

Sprawls across 25 dusty acres in ancientSprawls across 25 dusty acres in ancient Ashanti capital.Ashanti capital.

One of the largest marketplaces in West Africa. One of the largest marketplaces in West Africa.

KenyaKenya

Kenyan Independence: 1963Kenyan Independence: 1963

London educated London educated Jomo KenyattaJomo Kenyatta provided provided strong nationalist leadership.strong nationalist leadership.

Mau Mau RebellionsMau Mau Rebellions made up of made up of KikuyuKikuyu farmers weaken British settlers opposition.farmers weaken British settlers opposition.

Today famous athlete Today famous athlete opened school for orphans opened school for orphans

Kip Keino, famed distance runner.Kip Keino, famed distance runner.

Opened school for grades 1-8.Opened school for grades 1-8.

Down road from his Baraka ("Blessing") farm. Down road from his Baraka ("Blessing") farm.

He and his wife, adopted more than 100 He and his wife, adopted more than 100 orphaned and abandoned children in past 30 years. orphaned and abandoned children in past 30 years.

Senegal: Home of theSenegal: Home of theNegritude MovementNegritude Movement

The Solitary Baobob TreeThe Solitary Baobob Tree

The national symbol of Senegal, baobab trees often mark burial sites and inspire the poetry of de-colonization…

I heard a grave voice answer,Rash son, this strong young treeThis splendid treeApart from the white and faded flowersIs Africa, your AfricaPatiently stubbornly growing againAnd its fruits are carefully learningThe sharp sweet taste of liberty. David Diop 1956

The old BelgianThe old Belgian CongoCongo, Formerly , Formerly ZaireZaire,,

Faces Many Challenges Today!Faces Many Challenges Today!

Mobutu Sese SekoMobutu Sese Seko

Ruled 1965-1997.Ruled 1965-1997.

Supported by U.S.Supported by U.S. as Cold War ally. as Cold War ally.

Changed name toChanged name to Zaire. Zaire.

Left “a house thatLeft “a house that had been eaten by had been eaten by termites” termites” NYTimes.NYTimes.

Reign described in Reign described in 2002 documentary 2002 documentary as an “African as an “African Tragedy.” Tragedy.”

Congo Makes Up for a LackCongo Makes Up for a Lackof Roads & Highwaysof Roads & Highways

Congo RiverCongo River barge carries hundreds of passengers on its barge carries hundreds of passengers on its

1000 mile journey from Kinshasa to Kisangani. 1000 mile journey from Kinshasa to Kisangani.

Many people travel on barges without shelter for asMany people travel on barges without shelter for as long as a month, crowded together with their long as a month, crowded together with their belongings, livestock, furniture and wares for sale. belongings, livestock, furniture and wares for sale.

Today the Congo IsToday the Congo IsExperiencing Punishing War!Experiencing Punishing War!

Michael Kamber for Michael Kamber for The New York TimesThe New York Times

About 5,000 people fleeing the ethnic warfare in and About 5,000 people fleeing the ethnic warfare in and around Bunia, Congo, sought safety at a camp on Monday. around Bunia, Congo, sought safety at a camp on Monday.

Death in the Congo!Death in the Congo!

The AllureThe Allure

Rich Mineral Resources:

Gold

Diamonds

Copper

Have Often Drawn ForeignExploitation.

Young Soldiers & a VictimYoung Soldiers & a Victim

Child RebelsChild Rebels

A child fighter in a rebel group stands watch A child fighter in a rebel group stands watch with a U.N. armored vehicle in Bunia, Congo, with a U.N. armored vehicle in Bunia, Congo, where there have been reports of rape and where there have been reports of rape and cannibalism.cannibalism.

AlgeriaAlgeria

French settlers fought fiercely to keep Algeria a French colony.

DeGaulle realized after the war that France could not hold onto Algeria by force.

Independence came in 1962.

AngolaAngola

400 years: 400 years: Portuguese Portuguese are the first are the first the arrive the arrive and the last and the last to leave in to leave in 1975.1975.

Angola Lef t Angola Lef t With Bitter Civil WarWith Bitter Civil War

Mateus Chitangenda, Fernando Chitala and Enoke Mateus Chitangenda, Fernando Chitala and Enoke Chisingi and their families have been displaced by war Chisingi and their families have been displaced by war to the town of Kunhinga, in central Angola.to the town of Kunhinga, in central Angola.

Going to SchoolGoing to School

A father walks his daughter to school in A father walks his daughter to school in Kuito, Angola. All students in the town bring Kuito, Angola. All students in the town bring their own small benches to class.their own small benches to class.

Africa: 2000Africa: 2000

Nigerians today travel the Nigerians today travel the same way as the Congolesesame way as the Congolese

NigeriaNigeria Struggles With Struggles WithEthnic & Religious RivalriesEthnic & Religious Rivalries

Nigerian Muslims welcome Nigerian Muslims welcome Sharia Sharia lawlaw. . January 2000January 2000

Shari aShari a LawLaw

This adulterous woman was This adulterous woman was sentenced to death by sentenced to death by

stoningstoning

Woldwide attention has Woldwide attention has given her hopegiven her hope

Amnesty Amnesty InternationalInternational is is campaigning campaigning against the against the stoning sentencestoning sentenceJuly 2002.July 2002.

Some f ind Some f ind Shari aShari a a blessing a blessing

I Thank God f or t he I Thank God f or t he

Amput at i onAmput at i on – – Buba JangebeBuba Jangebe

South AfricaSouth Africa

Nelson Mandela jailed for 20 Nelson Mandela jailed for 20 years in his fight against years in his fight against

ApartheidApartheid

Lived to vote in the f irst Lived to vote in the f irst racially democratic electionracially democratic election

19941994

And Become President of And Become President of South AfricaSouth Africa

South African President Nelson Mandela, center, flanked by his two deputy presidents, Thabo Mbeki, left and F.W. de Klerk, right, celebrate the new constitution, May 8, 1996. (AP/WWP Photo Leon Muller)

Age- Group Dif ferencesAge- Group Dif ferences

Less Developed RegionsLess Developed Regions

Global Water StressGlobal Water Stress

Share of Share of World’s World’s

GDPGDP

Health StatisticsHealth Statistics

Bits Per Capita: An Bits Per Capita: An Information Revolution?Information Revolution?

using using ICTsICTs for social and economic development for social and economic development (Information and communication technologies) (Information and communication technologies)

All across AfricaAll across Africa

A Cyber Shepherd in A Cyber Shepherd in Senegal’s SahelSenegal’s Sahel

2004-04-152004-04-15PastoralistsPastoralists tracking wandering cattle herds tracking wandering cattle herds using cell phones and Global Positioning Systems. using cell phones and Global Positioning Systems.

South Africa: South Africa: Eco- tourism

Small tourist businesses operating out of Small tourist businesses operating out of the townships attracting customers from the townships attracting customers from around the world by using the Internet.around the world by using the Internet.

Mozambique stops poaching Mozambique stops poaching with radioswith radios

Healthcare in UgandaHealthcare in Uganda

A health care worker conducting a survey using a PDA. (SATELLIFE Photo: Mark Grabowsky)