Discurso e texto: marcas ideológicas, conceitos e relações

Compreensão e Produção de TextosProfessor: Fabio Nunes

Aula 1: Discurso e texto: marcas ideológicas, conceitos e relações

Content

1. Concepts of text and discourse

2. Ideology in texts

#1 Concepts of text

and discourse

1. Concepts of text and discourse

1. Concepts of text and discourse

1. Concepts of text and discourse

?

Who is this “WE” in each text?

Initial Concepts Each person is a social agent in a network

of social relations that happen in specific places in a cultural society.

Each society is formed by a set of institutions, which have their own practices, values, meanings, prohibitions and permissions.

These practices, values and meanings are articulated through language.

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Discourse Discourse is the set of

statements that, articulated through language, express the values and meanings of the different institutions (religious, political, advertising, educational, etc..).

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Text Text is the

verbal, nonverbal or syncretic embodiment in which the discourse is manifested.

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Properties of discourse It is established within a social activity

(family, commerce, school, law, marketing, news, etc.)

It is interactive and dialogical, since it is co-participative and linked to other discourses.

Involves subjects with specific roles/social conditions (doctor/patient; father/son; husband/wife; boss/employee; salesperson/customer, etc.)

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Properties of discourse It is historically and social-culturally

located (it happens in a specific context).

It is regulated by norms of social behavior.

It is oriented to the achievement of a goal.

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Properties of text Materializes a discursive production.

It is legitimated in a located enunciative context.

It has an author.

It works as a “map” for the construction and exchange of meanings.

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Properties of text It presents a formal layout.

It happens through one or more language modes.

It is carried by a media support.

Demonstrates relation with other texts.

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Text vs Discourse

While the text is a physical entity,

the linguistic, imagetic or syncretic

production of one or more

individuals, the discourse is the

set of principles, values and

meanings “behind” the text.

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Text vs DiscourseThe discourse organizes the text

and establishes its format, which topics, objects or processes it will discuss and how.

Texts created in the discourse of church, political parties, industry, science or school will be different.

1. Concepts of text and discourse

Activity 1Look at each of the following texts and discuss:

1. What kind of text is it?

2. What is the media support?

3. What is the institution/social group?

4. What is the message/purpose of the text?

5. How did you find the answers?

1. Concepts of text and discourse

#2Ideology in

texts

Ideology

Ideology is a system of interdependent

ideas (beliefs, traditions, principles and

myths), supported by a social group of

any kind, which reflect, rationalize and

defend their own interests and

institutional commitments: moral,

religious, political or economic.

2. Ideology in texts

Ideology and power

The language, as an instrument of

human communication, is at the service

of the power that settles into our

relationships and all consequences

arising from such power.

2. Ideology in texts

Ideology and text

The text, as a discursive activity,

presents various ideological marks.

Identifying these marks gives the reader

a critical instrument.

2. Ideology in texts

Power relations In social relations, the one who has power is

the one who best articulates the word to

ensure that power.

It occurs in all types of relationships, from

marriage and family to the policies

worldwide. When the discourse of the

dominant loses power, the power relation

becomes fragile.

2. Ideology in texts

Language as discourse

It is place of conflict, ideological

confrontation, and can not be studied

outside of society, since the processes

that constitute it are historical and

social.

2. Ideology in texts

Language as discourse

Every discourse is invested with

ideology, i.e., specific ways of

conceiving reality.

Every discourse is also a reflection of a

certain hegemony, i.e., the exercise of

power and domination of some over

others.

2. Ideology in texts

Activity 2Look at each of the following texts and discuss:

1. What kind of text is it?

2. What is the institution/social group?

3. What is the ideology?

4. How did you find the answers?

2. Ideology in texts

Activity 3Choose a text for next class and present to the class, discussing:

1. The kind of text;

2. The institution/social group;

3. The ideology.

2. Ideology in texts

Sources

• MEURER, J. Aspectos do processo de produção de textos escritos. In: Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. Campinas, Jan/Jun, 1993, p. 37-48.

• GUIMARÃES, A. O conceito de Ideologia. Disponível em: http://descomplica.com.br/redacao/as-marcas-ideologicas-no-texto/o-conceito-de-ideologia. Acesso em Julho de 2014.