Ecology: Interspecific Competition

BRENT BONIOR | PAULA MARIE LLIDO | EARL JUDD SULLANO | JAEN KIETH ROCIOS |

AEMEE ROZANNE UY | JINSHEEN YOUNG| NOVEH TIU

INTERSPECIFICCOMPETITION

CHAPTER 14

14.1 INTERSPECIFICCOMPETIT ION INVOLVES TWO OR MORE SPECIES

THAT SEEK A COMMON RESOURCE IN SHORT SUPPLY (AS IN INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION)

BOTH KINDS OF COMPETITION MAY TAKE PLACE SIMULTANEOUSLY

INTRASPECIFIC OR INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION?

Squirrels compete among themselves for acorns during a year when oak

trees produce fewer acorns.At the same time, wild turkey, blue jay

and mice vie for the same resource, the acorns.

EXPLOITATION INTERFERENCE

INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION TAKES TWO FORM:

organisms use up resources directly which will no longer be available for other species to use.one organism prevents other organisms from using the resource.

INTERACTIONS IN INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION(THOMAS SCHOENER)CONSUMPTION

PREEMPTIVE(THOMAS SCHOONER)OVERGROWTH

CHEMICALTERRITORIAL

ENCOUNTER

CONSUMPTION COMPETITIONOccurs when individuals of one species inhibit

another species by consuming a shared resource

Occurs primary among sessile organisms where the competition by one individual precludes establishment (occupation) by others

PREEMPTIVE COMPETITION

OVERGROWTH COMPETITIONoccurs when one

organism literally grows over another (with or without physical contact), inhibiting access to some essential resource

CHEMICAL COMPETITIONchemical growth

inhibitors or toxins released by an individual inhibit or kill other species Ex. Sunflower (allelopathic)

TERRITORIAL COMPETITIONResults from the

behavioral exclusion of others from a specific space that is defended as a territory

ENCOUNTER COMPETITIONwhen nonterritorial

meetings between individuals negatively affect one or both of the participant species

WHICH IS WHICH?

CONSUMPTION PREEMPTIVE OVERGROWTH CHEMICAL TERRITORIAL ENCOUNTER

WHICH IS WHICH?

CONSUMPTION PREEMPTIVE OVERGROWTH CHEMICAL TERRITORIAL ENCOUNTER

WHICH IS WHICH?

CONSUMPTION PREEMPTIVE OVERGROWTH CHEMICAL TERRITORIAL ENCOUNTER