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EFFECTIVE WRITING
Finding Appropriate Resources
Giving Credit to Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
April Aultman Becker
Education Coordinator
Research Medical Library
MD Anderson Cancer Center
avaultman@mdanderson.org
WHY WORRY ABOUT WRITING WELL?
•Reputation•Professional achievement•Liability issues•Lack of clarity can lead to lawsuit•Critical thinking skills•Communication skills
CHOOSING APPROPRIATE RESOURCES
•Timely or historically significant•Internet references should be chosen carefully and used sparingly•Use scholarly sources
CRITERIA FOR SCHOLARLY RESOURCES
•Peer Reviewed•Audience•Author affiliation
HOW TO FIND SCHOLARLY RESOURCES
•SCOPUS•CINAHL•EBooks
All databases, journals, and eBooks can be found on the Research Medical Library homepage or in the Sakai Library Portal
EXERCISE
Scholarly resource?
Historically significant?
Peer reviewed?Intended
audience?Author
affiliation?
http://www.scopus.com/home.url
PURPOSES OF REFERENCES•Documentation•Acknowledgment•Integrated•Directions•Avoid plagiarism
EXERCISE
Scholarly resource?
Historically significant?
Peer reviewed?Intended
audience?Author
affiliation?Good resource??
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/disease-health/difference-between-antiseptic-and-disinfectant/
EXERCISEhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88911/
Scholarly resource?
Historically significant?
Peer reviewed?Intended
audience?Author
affiliation?Good resource??
DAY 2
EFFECTIVE WRITING
Finding Appropriate Resources
Giving Credit to Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
April Aultman Becker
Education Coordinator
Research Medical Library
MD Anderson Cancer Center
avaultman@mdanderson.org
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
“The unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work.” -American Heritage Dictionary
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM?
•A charge of plagiarism can have severe consequences•MD Anderson Policy on Academic Dishonesty
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/services/instruction/learningmodules/plagiarism/
OBVIOUSPLAGIARISM
•Buying, stealing, or borrowing a paper. •Hiring someone to write your paper for you•Copying large sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper citation.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF PLAGIARISM?
•Fear failure•Poor time-management skills•View the assignment as unimportant•Failed enforcement of appropriate penalties
ACCIDENTAL PLAGIARISM
•Using the words of a source too closely when paraphrasing•Building on someone's ideas without citing their work.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF PLAGIARISM?
•Students may not know how to cite sources•Plagiarism defined differently or more stringently than in students’ earlier education•Students from other cultures may not be familiar with the conventions
SELF PLAGIARISM
•Copying your own previously-published work without citation•Submitting the same article to a different publication
EXERCISEhttp://www.lib.utexas.edu/services/instruction/learningmodules/plagiarism/index.html
WHEN TO CITE
•When in doubt•Someone else’s idea •Your interpretation of their idea•Your reaction to their idea•Making a factual claim
WHAT NEEDS TO BE CITED
•Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium•Information you gain through interviewing•When you copy the exact words•Reprinted visual materials•Reposted electronically-available media
WHAT NOT TO CITE
•Your own experiences, observations, and thoughts•Your own results obtained through lab or field experiments•Your own artwork•Common knowledge
EXERCISEhttp://www.lib.utexas.edu/services/instruction/learningmodules/plagiarism/avoid.html
Common knowledge:
http://ed.oc.edu/writersblock/avoidplag/media/b.htm
CITING REFERENCES WITHIN TEXT
References within the text should be listed in the order of citation, using superscript numerals. For more information, see the AMA Manual of Style.
CITING REFERENCES AT THE END OF TEXTReferences should be listed in the order of citation in a separate section at the end of the paper. For more information, see the AMA Manual of Style.
DAY 3
EFFECTIVE WRITING
Finding Appropriate Resources
Giving Credit to Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
April Aultman Becker
Education Coordinator
Research Medical Library
MD Anderson Cancer Center
avaultman@mdanderson.org
HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
Use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries to incorporate other writers' work into your own writing, and always make sure to cite it appropriately.
QUOTATIONS, PARAPHRASES, AND SUMMARIES CAN:•Provide support•Add credibility•Refer to work •Points of view•Call attention to a position•Highlight•Expand
QUOTES
•Identical to the original•Cited•Don’t over quote
SHORT AND LONG QUOTES
•Run On: less than 4 typed lines, it is included in the normal text•Block: 4 or more typed lines, it is set off in block style
from http://www.docstyles.com/amastat.htm
QUOTING INDIRECT SOURCES
•Indirect source is a source that someone else used in a paper.•Be clear about your second hand source.
Image from http://westlibrary.txwes.edu/sites/default/files/pdf/ama_citation_style.pdf
GUIDELINES FOR QUOTING
•Keep the source author's name•Quotation marks•Use ellipsis points•To give context to a quote, place added words in brackets
http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/acceptuse1.php
EXERCISE
CITING TABLES
•Only for crucial data•Placed close to text•Numbered •Titled•Cited
Image from https://www.asrt.org/media/pdf/pubs/AG08_all.pdf
PARAPHRASE
•Putting a passage into your own words •Cited•Usually shorter
PARAPHRASING IS A VALUABLE SKILL
•Controls the temptation to quote too much.•Understand the original text.
http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/acceptuse2.php
EXERCISE
SUMMARIZE
•Main idea into your own words•Cited or attributed•Broad overview of the source material.
EXERCISEhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072873469/student_view0/avoiding_plagiarism_tutorial/summarize_paraphrase/summary_paraphrase_quiz.html
EXERCISEhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88911/
Quote
Paraphrase
Summary
EXERCISEhttp://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/posttest.php
HOW CAN THE RESEARCH MEDICAL LIBRARY HELP YOU?
•Classes•Study rooms•ILLIAD•Librarians •Phone: 713-792-2282 •Email: RML-Help@mdanderson.org •Chat: http://www3.mdanderson.org/library/
SOURCESAMA Manual of Style
http://www.amamanualofstyle.com/oso/public/index.html
ASRT Guide for Authors with AMA Citation Stylehttps://www.asrt.org/media/pdf/pubs/AG08_all.pdf
Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statementhttp://wpacouncil.org/node/9
Kresge Library, Oakland University Plagiarism Tutorialhttp://library.oakland.edu/tutorials/plagiarism/
The Plagiarism Policy of the American Journal of Nursinghttp://www.nursingcenter.com/library/JournalArticle.asp?Article_ID=727942
Purdue OWL http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/1/
University of the Rockies Writing Center http://www.rockies.edu/docs/Hoffman_Effective_Writing.pdf
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