View
773
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Brazil
Citation preview
Chapter 8
Brazil and its Neighbors
Brazil
Brazil
• The Land– Largest country in South America– Covers 3,265,060 square miles
• Rivers and Lowlands– The Amazon winds 4,000 miles from the
Andes Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean– The Amazon passes through a flat basin (a
low area surrounded by a higher land
Brazil
• Rivers and Lowlands– The Amazon is covered with thick tropical forests– Two other low areas (Parana River and Sao
Francisco River) flows in different directions
• The Brazilian Highlands– Covers more than ½ the country– Located mostly in eastern Brazil– Low mountain ranges drop sharply at the Atlantic
Ocean (Great Escarpment) – Escarpment- steep cliff between high & low surfaces
Brazil
• The climate– Amazon Basin-
tropical rain forest • Steamy temperatures,
rain year around
– Brazil’s Highlands• Tropical savanna, wet
and dry seasons
– Southern Brazil• Drier climate and
moderate temperatures
Brazil’s Economic Regions
• The North– Native Americans discouraged use of land in this area– Brazilian government has encouraged logging and
mining (bauxite and iron ore)– Many worry about the overuse of land
• The Northeast– Farmers and ranchers have cleared coastal
rainforests to raise cattle and grow crops– Overgrazing has ruined much of the land
Brazil’s Economic Regions
• The Southeast– Rich In fertile farm land and mineral resources– One of the largest iron ore deposits in the
world– Home of Brazil’s major cities and industry
• The South– Vast plains support huge herds of cattle
(exported around the world)
Brazil’s Economic Regions
• West-central– Inland highlands and plateaus cover most of
the area– Very isolated and few settlers– Very poor soil
Brazil
• People– Largest and fastest growing population in
Latin America– Culture is more Portuguese than Spanish
Brazil (Influences of the Past)
• 1500s- Portuguese took control and forced natives to work in the sugar plantations and mines
• Many natives died due to disease and being overworked
• Portuguese purchased slaves and shipped them to Brazil
• Enslavement ended in 1888
Brazil (Influences of the Past)
• 6% of the population is of African ancestry
• African customs and traditions have influenced Brazil’s culture
• 1822- Brazil became a monarchy
• 1892- Brazil became a republic
Brazilian’s Today
• Most live along the Atlantic Coast
• The government has encouraged people to move inland
• 76% of people live in cities (some live in favela’s (slum areas)
• Futbol (soccer) is a way of life in Brazil
Section 2
Caribbean South America
Venezuela
Venezuela
• The Land– Northwest- Maracaibo basin– Lowland coastal area surrounds Lake Maracaibo– Andean Highlands- home to most of Venezuelan
people– Guiana Highlands- dense rainforests, low population– Grassy plains (llanos) lie between Guiana and
Andean Highlands• Orinoco River flows through the plain and is a great source
for hydroelectric power (water generated electricity)
Angel Falls
• Drops 2,421 feet to the river below, making it the tallest waterfalls on earth.
• Is 15 times higher than Niagara Falls
• Very difficult to reach due to the mountainous terrain
Venezuela (The Climate)
• Mostly tropical rainforest
• Temperatures vary with altitude (height above sea level)
• Lowland Maracaibo basin and inland river valleys are hot and rainy
• Highland areas are warm during the day and cold at night
Venezuela (Economy)• Once depended on
coffee and cocao to earn a living
• 1920s- oil was discovered and became a world oil producer
• 90% work in service or manufacturing
• Agriculture still remains a large part of the economy
Venezuela (The Past)
• 1500s to 1800s- was a Spanish colony
• 1821- Simon Bolivar freed the northern part of the continent from Spanish rule
• 1800s-1900s- ruled by harsh military leaders or caudillos
Venezuela (The People)
• Most are a mix of European, African, and Native American background
• Spanish is the major language
• Roman Catholicism is the major religion
• 86% of the population live in cities
• Enjoy the highest living standards in South America because of oil
Venezuela Today
• Hugo Chavez was elected in 1998• Chavez is opposite the U.S. on several
issues:– Friendly with Communist Cuba and Castro– Lobbied oil-producing nations to raise the
price of oil– Praised guerilla movements in neighboring
countries– Denounced the U.S. involvement in the
Colombian Drug war
Venezuela Today
• Chavez is getting close to turning Venezuela into a dictatorship
• Is being criticized by labor leaders and human rights groups
• The United States is watching Chavez very closely
Guyana
Guyana– Lies just north of the equator– High plateaus covered by
thick rainforests– Low flat land near the coast– Mostly rainforest– Won independence in 1966– ½ of population of Asian
ancestry– 1/3 of population of African
ancestry
Suriname
Suriname
– Smallest independent country in South America
– Settled by native Americans
– Late 1600s- became under Dutch rule
– 1975- became independent from Dutch
– Economy depends on agriculture and mining
French Guiana
French Guiana
– Low coastal plain-ocean winds keep areas around 80 degrees
– Inland rainforests- hot and humid– 1600s- French settled area– Enslaved Africans to work in mines on
sugarcane plantations– Served as a place for French prisoners from
1790s to 1940s– Still considered part of France today
Recommended