View
1.905
Download
1
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Hook, line and sinker – strategies for motivation
http://lizfotheringham.wordpress.com
lizfotheringham1@yahoo.co.uk
The challenge
2
It is attitude rather than aptitude that causes most
failure. Having a commitment to learning is one of
the main reasons why people succeed. QCDA
Consequences……..
3
When evaluating the quality of teaching in the
school, inspectors consider:
the extent to which teachers enthuse, engage
and motivate pupils to learn and foster their
curiosity and enthusiasm for learning
Ofsted: The Framework for School Inspection from
January 2012
A teacher must:
1. Set high expectations which inspire, motivate and
challenge pupils
DFE: Teachers’ standards in England from September 2012 (p 6)
Why this is important for us…….
Motivation in second language learning is a complex phenomenon. It has been defined in terms of two factors: • On the one hand learners’ communicative needs
• And, on the other, their attitudes towards the second language community
Lightbown, Patsy/Spada, Nina. 2006 How
languages are Learned (3rd Ed) Oxford:
Oxford University Press
Motivation is… the driving force that makes us do the things we do. Chambers, Gary (Ed). 2001 Reflections
on motivation. London: CILT
What is motivation…….
…. Some thoughts on motivation…
燕 •Bird from the NORTH 北
•Flying across the waters (dots)
•With a stalk ( ) of grass ( )
•In its mouth 口
yàn
The swallow is remembered
as a…
The impact of TL culture on motivation
I hated the school topic
because I did not find it
interesting and I will probably
never need it again.
I didn’t like the pencil case
items because it wasn’t
interesting or very relevant to
me.
I didn’t like doing the time
because I had already done it
at primary school. I prefer working outside the
text book because you have
more freedom so it is fun
I liked the work on Euro 2008.
We got really creative and
made posters.
I enjoyed doing the work on
the Olympics the most. I
loved putting my French skills
to the test and learning about
the mascots. It made me
realise how much French I
knew.
Motivated learners?
Barriers to motivation
Primary school
Secondary school
Higher education
Content
Resources
Prior experience
• Purpose
– Personal?
– Future goals?
– Qualifications?
Factors affecting motivation – having a goal
The motivational cycle
Getting the conditions
right
Getting them hooked –
stimulating motivation
Drawing them in -
maintaining motivation
Towards self motivation
It all started with English lessons in school. One day the teacher told us: “Bring a bowl to class tomorrow as we are going to have a British breakfast.” That turned out to be Cornflakes and a glass of orange juice, which was a shocking concept to my 11 year old self. It wasn’t what we had at home and opened my eyes to the fact that there were people in the world with different habits, obeying different rules
Roland Mouret On being an Anglophile at heart – interview Times Saturday magazine 26.04.08
Hooking them in….. through culture
Le carnaval en France a son
origine dans la religion. C’est
la période entre le 6 janvier
(l’Épiphanie ou la fête des
Rois) et le mercredi des
Cendres. Le carnaval
symbolise aussi le passage
de l’hiver au printemps.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/benoit_d/5507545596/ benoit_d
Pendant la période du carnaval on
se maquille et se déguise pour les
bals et les défilés dans les rues; ces
défilés s’appellent des bandes.
Pendant les bandes on chante et
danse dans les rues et il y a une
tradition qu’on porte un parapluie
monté sur une canne à pêche.
LE CARNAVAL DE DUNKERQUE
http://www.flickr.com/photos/benoit_d/3304558174/ benoit_d
四 八
Sculpture Music and dance
Superstition
Festivals
Colours
Sports and games
Gestures
Food
Language
Art and calligraphy
Architecture
Religion and philosophy
Hooking them in through exposure to TL culture
Hooking them in through exposure to TL culture – authentic resources
Stimulating motivation – direct experience of TL country
'I think this trip is an amazing opportunity and gives a great insight
and understanding to Chinese culture. I enjoyed every second of the
trip and the staff and volunteer students have been exceptionally
welcoming and giving in every way humanly possible. When I leave
China, I leave knowing that I am always welcome.'
Stimulating motivation – the CLIL approach
Context/content – what?
Co
gnit
ive
ch
alle
nge
– h
ow
? Boring, dull Interesting and
meaningful
Low level
(easy)
High level
(difficult)
The classroom environment – promoting a sense of achievement
• Indentifying patterns in language and making connections
• Memorisation techniques
• Using knowledge of mother tongue or another language
• Using reference materials e.g. dictionary skills
• Taking notes
• Reading out aloud e.g. knowledge of phonics
• Working out meaning by using previous knowledge
• Evaluating and improving on their performance
Helping learners to help themselves - equipping learners with the strategies to be successful language learners
Some Examples
Increased learner autonomy
Increased intrinsic motivation
The role of the teacher in stimulating and maintaining motivation
• Conveys enthusiasm for language and learning it to learners
• Conveys positive attitudes towards the TL country (countries)
• Maintains a good learning environment
• Creates a supportive, collaborative learning environment (importance of good relationships)
Role of the teacher….
• Gets to know the learner as an individual
• Reduces anxiety of the learner
• Sets standards for behaviour
• Ensures the learner experiences success
….but above all boosts
learners’ confidence……
Maintains motivation – building learner confidence
Confidence has a strong link with motivation. Motivation
comes from reasonable hope of success. The more confident
you are, the more you are able to hope for success and the more motivated you will be.
Promoting Positive Thinking Build
children’s self esteem, confidence and
optimism: Glynis Hannell Fulton
publishers 2004 (page 20)
• Encouragement and empathy
• Practice
• Pairwork
• Information gap
• Guessing
• Games
• Mini cards
• ICT - voki/audacity
• Phonics
Building confidence in speaking
• Pre- task activities – prediction/vocab work
• Give the transcript
• Dictation
• Slow the audio recording down
• Teach phonics
• Use songs
• Use videos
• Encourage independent listening work
Building confidence in listening
• Give them the tools –grammar and dictionary skills
• Picture stimuli
• Brainstorming and mind mapping
• Set clear success criteria
• Encourage self and peer assessment
• Use ICT
• Modelling
• Sentence building
Building confidence in writing
Je J’aime
J’aime jouer
J’aime jouer au foot
Le weekend j’aime jouer au foot
Le weekend j’aime jouer au foot avec mes copains
Le weekend j’aime jouer au foot avec mes copains sur le terrain de sport
Le weekend j’aime jouer au foot avec mes copains sur le terrain de sport et……
Le weekend
Le samedi
Pendant la récré
Après l’école
Le soir
J’adore
J’aime
J’aime assez bien
Je n’aime pas
Je déteste
mais et quand
sur le terrain de sport à la cantine au centre sportif en ville
parce que c’est/ce n’est pas…. intéressant génial ennuyeux super fantastique
avec …..
mes copains mon frère ma soeur mes parents
au basketball au tennis au rugby au badminton
lire…..
faire …..
écouter….
regarder….
aller……
jouer….
faire…..
du sport
des courses
de la natation
il pleut
il y a du soleil
il fait froid
• Pre- task activities – prediction/vocab work
• Use pictures/headline as clues to predict content
• Use highlighters
• Break text down
• High frequency vocabulary and tenses
• Skills of skimming and scanning
• Dictionary skills
Building confidence in reading
Beibei Dans l’art traditionnel chinois, les représentations de poisson et d’eau symbolisent la prospérité. Ses cheveux bouclés rappellent les vagues stylisées des peintures traditionnelles chinoises. Beibei est forte en sports aquatiques et reflète l’anneau olympique bleu.
Jingjing Jingjing, le panda, transmet le souhait de bonheur. Les fleurs de lotus qui encadrent son visage sont inspirées des peintures sur porcelaine de la dynastie des Song (960-1234 après J.-C.). Elles symbolisent la forêt luxuriante et les relations harmonieuses entre l’homme et la nature. Athlète réputé pour sa puissance, Jingjing représente l’anneau olympique noir.
Huanhuan Parmi les mascottes, Huanhuan est le grand frère et incarne l’esprit olympique. Enfant de feu, il symbolise la Flamme olympique et la passion du sport. Huanhuan excelle dans tous les jeux de ballon et représente l’anneau olympique rouge.
Yingying L’antilope tibétaine est une espèce protégée du plateau Qinghai-Tibet. Yingying reflète la conception des Jeux verts. Fort en athlétisme, Yingying représente l’anneau olympique jaune.
Nini Le cerf-volant est une activité particulièrement appréciée par les enfants de Pékin. Une de ses formes traditionnelles est l’hirondelle aux ailes dorées. Nini symbolise la chance. Elle est forte en gymnastique et représente l’anneau olympique vert.
le cerf-volant – kite la forêt – forest fort(e) – strong entrelacé – interlinked égal (e) – equal bouclé – wavy bonheur - happiness
mascotte symbole couleur sport
Bei Bei (f)
Jing Jing
Huan Huan (m)
Ying Ying
Ni Ni (f)
Yingying L’antilope
tibétaine est une
espèce protégée du
plateau Qinghai-
Tibet. Yingying
reflète la conception
des Jeux verts. Fort
en athlétisme,
Yingying représente
l’anneau olympique
jaune.
1. From left to right
2. Traditional Chinese
art
3. A protected species
4. Symbolises luck
5. The swallow with
golden wings
6. Traditional Chinese
paintings
A. Une espèce
protégée
B. Symbolise la chance
C. L’art traditionnel
chinois
D. Des peintures
traditionnelles
chinoises
E. De gauche à droite
F. L’hirondelle aux ailes
dorées
Bei Bei Huan Huan Jing Jing Ni Ni Ying Ying
C E D B A
J
I
H
G F
N O M L K
S R
Q
T
P
A
B
E
D
C
4 3
2 1
2E
1B
5A 3C
4D
5
• la forêt
• l’hôpital
• la crête
• honnête
• intérêt
• arrêter
• plâtre
• l’hôtel
Knowledge about language
Language Learning strategies
Maintaining motivation – active learning
Not just physical movement…..……….
Creating
Evaluating
Analysing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
compose, construct, create, design, develop, integrate, invent, make, organize, perform, plan, produce, propose, rewrite
appraise, argue, assess, choose, conclude, critic, decide, evaluate, judge, justify, predict, prioritize, prove, rank, rate, select,
analyze, characterize, classify, compare, contrast, debate, deduce, diagram, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, outline, relate, research, separate
apply, change, choose, compute, dramatize, interview, prepare, produce, role-play, select, show, transfer, use
conclude, demonstrate, discuss, explain, generalize, identify, illustrate, interpret, paraphrase, predict, report, restate, review, summarize, tell
count, define, describe, draw, find, identify, label, list, match, name, quote, recall, recite, sequence, tell, write
Variety – a key to maintaining motivation
Maintaining motivation – using ICT
Maintaining motivation - Are we nearly there yet?
• Short term goals contribute towards a sense of achievement
• Long term goals relate to the motivation for learning the target language
• Strategy - learners draw up achievable goals – and how they aim to achieve them together with the time frame
• Be SMART
Identifying goals – how realistic are they?
Maintaining motivation – effective feedback and assessment
• Constructive feedback
• Encourage self and peer assessment
• Clear learning objectives
• Transparent assessment criteria
• Celebrate success
Rewards
Extrinsic rewards need to be handled carefully and always with the long term goal of developing intrinsic motivation, i.e. moving from motivating learners to helping learners to motivate themselves. Lamb, Terry 2001 Reflections on
motivation. London: CILT
Maintaining motivation - when the going gets tough….
To sum up:
• Compelling content – challenge - confidence
• Real experience
• Enjoyment
• Active learning – appropriate level
• Targets and terrific teaching
• Independent learning
• Variety
• Enthusiasm
htt
p:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
co
m/p
hoto
s/v
isualo
gis
t/3
2023
96970
/
lizfotheringham1@yahoo.co.uk
http://lizfotheringham.wordpress.com
Recommended