Inclusive Design and Wicked Problems

About inclusive design processes -and wicked problems

Tom Vavik

Institute of designThe Oslo School of Architecture and Design

Who am I ?

Associate ProfessorErgonomics and Universal Design

http://www.aho.no/no/User-pages/Ansatte/T/Tom-Vavik/http://www.universelldesign.info/

http://www.designresearch.no/people/tom-vavik

What is design ?

Design is about ethical values http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tngz9I-wQP4

"Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange.”(ICSID)

ERGONOMICS3 (Ergonomidesign)

Physical Ergonomics

Emotional Ergonomics

+ Design process

Cognitive Ergonomics

Sustainable development

Social Sustainable Development involves

• Basic human needs• Equity • Social accountability• Empowerment• Local self–reliance• Participation• Inclusion• Accessibility• Appropriate technology

• Protecting the mental and physical health of stakeholders

• Encouraging community development

• Treating all stakeholders fairly• Access to social resources• Providing essential services

(Esp.design.org,http://www.espdesign.org/sustainability-definition/social-sustainability/)

Sustainable development – design approaches

Design for Environment,Green design, EcoDesign

Universal design, Design for accessibility, Design for all, Participatory design,Inclusive design, Design for diversity

Strategic design, Design management

Why

The Philips Index (2004) found that about two thirds of the population as a whole have difficulties with technological products, and would therefore benefit from items designed to be more accessible and usable ( Ref: Inclusive design. Toolkit. 2007.)

Inclusive design - the strategy of the future

Inclusive design aims to enable allpeople to have equal opportunities toparticipate in every aspect of societyirrespective of cognitive, physical orsociocultural factors.

(Ergonomidesign in Stockholm)

Universal design approaches

• The use of the product (effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a particular context of use)

• The user interface and interaction

• The process used to develop the product

• The capability of an organization to apply this design strategy

(Adapted from http://www.usabilitynet.org)

Model for teaching Design for diversity

Elements in an inclusive design process

Design methods

“ It is one thing to state a value-based objective related to social responsibility and another thing to develop

design methods to reach it.”

(P.TAHKOKALLIO, 2003)

Design process

A systematic problem solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve wicked problems and satisfy human needs and wants.

Wicked problems

• a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of

• incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize.

Wicked problems

• Design problems are typically wicked because they are often ill defined (no prescribed way forward).

• They involve Stakeholders with different perspectives, and have no "right" or "optimal" solution.

Wicked problems

• The Constraints that the problem is subject to and the resources needed to solve it, change over time.

• The problem is never solved definitively.

• The design process can only be improved if it is made conscious and documented and recorded.

Why iterative design processes

Challenge Solution

(Modified from Bryan Lawson, 1997)

Three models of inclusive design processes

• ISO 13407 - Human centered design processes for interactive systems

• The book: ”Innovating with People”, Tools

• John Clarksons - Inclusive design toolkit

Iterative user/human centered design activities (ISO 13407)

4. Product design solutions

5. Evaluate designs against user requirements

3. Specify user and organisational requirements

2. Specify the context of use

Meets requirements

1. Plan the human centered process

The book: Innovating with People

• http://innovatingwithpeople.net/no/

Deltasenteret i HelsedirektoratetForskningsrådets brukerforum IT Funk

Norsk Designråds nyskapingsprogram Innovasjon for AlleDen norske Dataforenings faglige nettverk BITS

Ressursnettverket Universell IKT

Norske fagmiljøer - universell IKT

Inclusive design toolkit www.universaldesigntoolkit.com

(J. Clarkson et al. 2003)

• A 'waterfall' model of an inclusive design process

Ref: Inclusive design. Toolkit. 2007.

Designprosessen

Summary – inclusive design processes:

Are iterative

• Specify the context of use (who, what, where)

• Discover, understand and translate the wants and needs of the user

Involves stakeholders and end users

• Adapt and apply guidelines and standards

• Evaluate designs against requirements and test with users