Iv Lectures Carlos

IV. How to improve your lectures and presentations

Carlos Garcia, MD

In the form provided to you, please answer the following quizz before the presentation

(3 min)

List 3 characteristics of good lectures

List 3 characteristics of good/ effective slides

Compare and contrast a good versus a bad lecturer

Objectives

Identify the characteristics of good lectures

  Demonstrate knowledge of the characteristics of effective slides

Compare and contrast a good versus a bad lecturer

Group exercise

Please work in pairs to answer the following question. You will have

2 minutes.

Can you list 3 reasons to give a lecture?

Some reasons to give a lecture

Present personal research

Synthesize published knowledge

Share personal/ anecdotal experience

You are invited to speak

You are forced to do it in residency

The bad lecture

#1

Lecturer rambles non-stop for an hour

He knows the topic but lacks enthusiasm

You are bored to death

#2

Lecturer with magnificent slides/ effects

Covers everything on a topic

You sleep after 20 minutes

#3

Lecturer with many anecdotes and cases

Unconnected to any theme

Just shows his experience

Nothing was useful to you

The good lecture

Organized

Brief

Enthusiastic speaker

Topic is relevant Work Exam

Guidelines for lecture presentations

Principle #1

State learning objectives Behaviors expected after the presentation

Design your talk according to your objectives

Handouts are recommended

Bad objectives

“Today, I will”:

Review the pathophysiology of X

Show you clinical cases of X

Talk about treatment of X

Good objectives

At the end of the lecture the audience will be able to:

List the different presentations of X

Implement a medical plan for X

Evaluate therapeutic options for X

Principle #2

Attract and maintain attention

Clear statement of purpose (objectives)

Start by posing a question or dilemma

Attention span= 15-20 minutes Use questioning, brainstorming, and demonstrating

Principle #3

Make only one or two major points

Principle #4

Make the organization clear

Tell them what you are going to tell them

Then, tell them

Finally, tell them what you just told them

Principle #5

Use audio-visual aids that help, not hinder

Do not apologize for slides

People remember 20% of what they hear 30% of what they see 50% of what they see and hear

Questions or comments?

Characteristics of good slides

Legible

Simple

See/ hear compatible

Color schemes

Light backgroundDark text

Dark backgroundLight text

Basic options

This is the best (blue background white or yellow

text)

Lecture is for teaching

Fancy is not necessary

Simplicity & legibility are key

Black text

Blue text

Yellow text

Green text

Light blue text

Red text

Very light blue text

Light pink text

White text on blue background Yellow text on blue background

Avoid black text on blue background

Some people are red and green color blind

Font style and size

Serif Mohs for the nose (Palatino) Mohs for the nose (Times New Roman) Mohs for the nose(Courier new)

Sans serif (recommended) Mohs for the nose (Arial) Mohs for the nose (Arial black) Mohs for the nose (Tahoma)

Headings and subheadings 36

Headings and subheadings 32

Headings and subheadings 28

Headings and subheadings 24

Body text and annotations 28

Body text and annotations 24

Body text and annotations 20

Headings may be centered

Textextextextext

Textextextextext

Textextextextext

Headings may be left

Textextextextext

Textextextextext

Textextextextext

Headings may be right

Textextextextext

Textextextextext

Textextextextext

Headline

Body text should be left aligned

Body text should be left aligned

Body text should be left aligned

Headline

Centered text is harder to comprehend

The start of the next line is difficult to locate

It’s too much work for the eye

Headline

Right-aligned text is harder to comprehend

The start of the next line is difficult to locate

It’s too much work for the eye

Content and organization

RESIST THE TEMPTATION TO USE ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. IT MAKES COMPREHENSION HARDER BECAUSE ALL LETTERS ARE THE SAME HEIGHT. WE READ BY RECOGNIZING WORD SHAPES

Resist the temptation to use all capital letters. It makes comprehension harder because all letters are the same height. We read by recognizing word shapes.

Text color

Beware of using too many colors

This can be very distracting

The eyes will be bouncing

Text color

Single colors are more dynamic

Underlie for emphasis

And/or increase font size

Avoid too many bullets and too many words per line

The surgical ellipse

The ellipse is the most common excisional procedure

Usually performed under sterile conditions and local anesthesia using lidocaine1-2% with epinephrine 1:100,000

There is consensus on the guidelines for designing adequate ellipses

Pre-marking skin with gentian violet Delineating margins: 2mm for benign lesions, 5mm or more for malignant lesions

Length: width ratio 3-4:1 30-degree angles on tip

Instead, follow the rule of “6”

Maximum 6 bullets per slide, and

6 words per line

Use diagrams instead of words

Surgical ellipse

Sterile technique

Local anesthesia

Surgical margins

Benign lesions 2mm Malignant lesions 5mm

Standard abreviations are useful and appropriate

Post-op complications

MMS and MM

Excisional bx

Non-standard abbreviations are not appropriate

Postoper comp

Mohs mic sur and mal mel

Ex biop

Please work in pairs and make 3 suggestions to improve the

following slide (2 min)

Some sobering statistics about our healthcare system

Our current healthcare system incurs over $177 billion annually in mostly avoidable health care costs to treat adverse events from INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE

Treatment of chronic disease costs the health care system over $1.3 trillion annually – diabetes alone is about $170

billion

*About 1/3 of patients who begin a drug regimen never refill the prescription

Things to avoid in your presentation

Too many animations

Too many jokes

Too many pictures

Too much information

The oral presentation

Calculate 1.5 slides for every minute of your talk

Grand rounds= 45 minutes= maximum 67 slides

If you are nervous

Take 1-2 deep breaths

Tense yourself up all over then relax

Know your opening lines to perfection

Start with memorized opening lines and posing a question or

dilemma that lead to your presentation

State clearly if you welcome questions

Keep eye contact

Avoid unnecessary movements

Do not “read” from your slides

Use them as newspaper headlines

Dermatologic Surgery encompasses a wide variety of methods to remove or modify skin tissue for health or cosmetic benefit.

These methods provide high-quality, cost-effective skin surgery and include scalpel surgery, laser surgery, chemical surgery, cryosurgery (liquid nitrogen), electrosurgery, aspiration surgery, liposuction, injection of filler substances, and Mohs micrographic controlled surgery (a special technique for the removal of growths, especially skin cancers).

Instead, make 2 simpler slides

Dermatologic surgery

Non cosmetic procedures

Excisional surgery Traditional versus Mohs surgery

Electrosurgery Cryosurgery

Dermatologic surgery

Cosmetic procedures

Chemical peels Fillers Botox Lasers Liposuction

Average attention span is 15- 20’

Engage your audience

Pause or vary format every 15-20’ Blank slide Questions

How to end your lecture

Summarize your lecture

Ask if there are questions

Terminate session clearly

Questions or comments?

In the form provided to you, please answer the following quizz before leaving the room

(3 min)

List 3 characteristics of good lectures

List 3 characteristics of good/ effective slides

Compare and contrast a good versus a bad lecturer

A medical educator will meet with you tomorrow at noon to get your feedback regarding this class. Lunch will be provided

Also, within the next 2 weeks, please e-mail Dr. Garcia 3 objectives that you intend to use in your next lecture or presentation

carlos-garcia@ouhsc.edu